{"schema_version":"bookimed.page-context.v1","id":"organ-stomach-esophagus","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/oncologic-surgery/organ-stomach-esophagus/","json_url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/oncologic-surgery/organ-stomach-esophagus/#page-context","content_revision":"prepared-registry-v2","date_modified":"2026-10-21","language":"en","kind":"guide","title":"stomach_esophagus","summary":"Stomach cancer surgery differs in how much of the stomach is removed and how the digestive tract is reconnected. Function-preserving treatment aims to remove early cancer completely while keeping as much stomach function as possible. Total gastrectomy removes the whole stomach; surgery for cancer also involves attention to lymph node removal and the new digestive connection.\n\nEsophageal surgery has different reconstruction needs. In an Ivor Lewis esophagectomy, the stomach is shaped into a tube and brought up to reconnect with the remaining esophagus in the chest. The blood supply to this tube and the way the new connection is made are important parts of the operation.","research_credit":{"name":"Yevhenii Kozlov","role":"Co-Founder of Bookimed","url":"https://us-uk.bookimed.com/ceo/kozlov/","contribution":"Research project led","assistance":"For me, helping patients find the best medical care is a personal responsibility. This guide is built by a process we designed to do the hard part — reading the research, comparing surgeons and clinics, checking real offers — and to make the result simple and clear for every patient. AI tools do much of the work; every fact links to its source."},"editorial_scope":"Source-linked research and public provider information. Individual treatment requires clinical assessment.","research_method":"How this guide is researched and compared Research project led by Yevhenii Kozlov .","sections":[{"id":"narrative-mechanism_and_choices","title":"How surgery works and how approaches differ","text":"How surgery works and how approaches differ Stomach cancer surgery differs in how much of the stomach is removed and how the digestive tract is reconnected. Function-preserving treatment aims to remove early cancer completely while keeping as much stomach function as possible. Total gastrectomy removes the whole stomach; surgery for cancer also involves attention to lymph node removal and the new digestive connection. Esophageal surgery has different reconstruction needs. In an Ivor Lewis esophagectomy, the stomach is shaped into a tube and brought up to reconnect with the remaining esophagus in the chest. The blood supply to this tube and the way the new connection is made are important parts of the operation. Sources (3) [Chinese expert consensus on function-preserving gastrectomy for gastric cancer(2025 edition)]. An international Delphi consensus for surgical quality assessment of lymphadenectomy and anastomosis in minimally invasive total gastrectomy for gastric cancer. Technique of open and minimally invasive intrathoracic reconstruction following esophagectomy-an expert consensus based on a modified Delphi process.","links":[{"label":"[Chinese expert consensus on function-preserving gastrectomy for gastric cancer(2025 edition)].","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39971560/"},{"label":"An international Delphi consensus for surgical quality assessment of lymphadenectomy and anastomosis in minimally invasive total gastrectomy for gastric cancer.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38148401/"},{"label":"Technique of open and minimally invasive intrathoracic reconstruction following esophagectomy-an expert consensus based on a modified Delphi process.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33846718/"}]},{"id":"methods-evidence","title":"Methods and what the numbers show","text":"Methods and what the numbers show Methods at Bookimed clinics Other methods with evidence","links":[{"label":"Surgeons","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/oncologic-surgery/surgeons-organ-stomach-esophagus/"},{"label":"Clinics","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/oncologic-surgery/clinics-organ-stomach-esophagus/"},{"label":"Programme at Memorial Ataşehir Hospital","url":"https://us-uk.bookimed.com/offer-procedure/6a56604f5c611489b9bdb31c/"}],"tables":[[["Method","What it is","What the numbers show"],["Removal of the whole stomach","Removal of the whole stomach. Surgeons · Clinics · Programme at Memorial Ataşehir Hospital","No significant differences were observed in 5-year OS (HR 1.23, 95% CI 0.83-1.84) or RFS (HR 1.36, 95% CI 0.94-1.95). 5-year; Proximal vs. total gastrectomy for proximal advanced gastric cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of propensity score-matched studies. — Four propensity score-matched (PSM) comparative studies were included in the quantitative meta-analysis, comprising 284 patients undergoing PG and 305 patients undergoing TG after NAC. [9] The results of the analysis showed that RATG has advantages in the following aspects: intraoperative blood loss was 17.69 ml lower in the RATG group than in the LATG group (WMD: -17.69,95% CI:-20.90 ∼ -14.49; P < 0.05); In terms of the number of resected lymph nodes, the RATG group had 2.65 more than the LATG group (WMD: 2.65,95% CI:0.88 ∼ -4.42); P < 0.05); the time to start liquid and postoperative hospital stays were 0.62 and 0.90 days shorter in the RATG group than in the LATG group, respectively (WMD: -0.62,95%CI: -1.06 ∼ -0.19; P < 0.05), (WMD: -0.90,95%CI: -1.43 ∼ -0.37; P < 0.05)); the incidence of major complications and pancreas fistula in the RATG group was 0.59% and 0.17% lower than in the LATG group, respectively (OR: 0.59,95% CI: 0.38 ∼ 0.93; P < 0.05), (OR: 0.17,95% CI: 0.03 ∼ 0.94; P < 0.05). 0.90 days; Nine studies that included 1,864 patients with gastric cancer were included, published between 2012 and 2023. [38] Surgical approaches (OR 1.03, P = 0.896), positive surgical margins (OR 2.83, P = 0.08), and adjuvant chemotherapy rates (OR 1.07, P = 0.19) were similar between the PG and TG groups. Assessment: surgical specimen margins on tissue examination; Proximal vs. total gastrectomy for proximal advanced gastric cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of propensity score-matched studies. — A total of 265 articles were screened, and five retrospective studies were included in this meta-analysis, comprising 412 patients after PSM. [42]"]],[["Method","What it is","What the numbers show"],["Surgery to remove visible tumour deposits","Surgery to remove visible tumour deposits.","The overall survival (OS) rate after 1 year was 3.65 times higher for CRS + HIPEC than CRS alone [RR = 3.65, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 1.01-13.26, I2 = 73%]. 1 year; Despite promising results, the effectiveness of cytoreductive surgery (CRS) with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) in patients with gastric cancer with peritoneal carcinomatosis (GCPC) has not been systematically evaluated. [2] The OS rate after 5 years was more than three times higher for CRS + HIPEC than for CRS alone (RR = 3.25, 95% CI = 1.28-8.26, I2 = 8%). 5 years; Despite promising results, the effectiveness of cytoreductive surgery (CRS) with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) in patients with gastric cancer with peritoneal carcinomatosis (GCPC) has not been systematically evaluated. [2] The 1, 2, 3 and 5-year survival rates (SR) for patients undergoing CRS + HIPEC were 86.9%, 70.5%, 63.7% and 55.7% respectively. 5-year; gastric cancer patients frequently develop peritoneal metastases (PM) with a poor long-term prognosis. [3]"],["Tumour removal using an endoscope","Tumour removal using an endoscope.","Survival curves indicated that at 3, 5, and 10 years, the OS rates were 95.9% versus 88.0%, 91.4% versus 78.2%, and 86.7% versus 56.9% for the ASR and non-ASR groups, respectively. 10 years; Long-term outcomes of additional surgical versus nonsurgical treatment after non-curative endoscopic resection for T1 superficial esophageal cancer. — The review identified 15 retrospective studies involving 1348 patients. [4] The following outcomes were significantly better in the additional surgery group: 5-year OS (odds ratio [OR] = 3.37, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.91-3.91, p < 0.00001; hazard ratio [HR] = 0.51, 95% CI = 0.41-0.64, p < 0.00001), 8-year OS (OR = 1.96, 95% CI = 1.22-3.16, p = 0.005), 5-year DSS (OR = 3.08, 95% CI = 2.08-4.55, p < 0.00001), 5-year DFS (OR = 4.17, 95% CI = 1.53-11.4, p = 0.005), 5-year RFS (OR = 9.14, 95% CI = 3.63-23.01, p < 0.00001), and 5-year CSS (OR = 2.54, 95% CI = 1.32-4.9, p = 0.005). 5-year; 8-year; Debate regarding whether additional surgery should be the preferred treatment option for patients with early gastric cancer who have undergone noncurative endoscopic resection is ongoing. [5] There was no significant difference between esophagectomy and ER regarding 5-year OS (HR 1.26; 95% CI 1.00-1.60; P = 0.05), 5-year CSS (HR 0.65; 95% CI 0.20-2.17; P = 0.49), and 30-day mortality (HR 0.39; 95% CI 0.13-1.16; P = 0.09). 5-year; 30-day; We compared patients with T1b esophageal cancer who underwent ER or esophagectomy. [6]"],["Removal of the oesophagus","Removal of the oesophagus.","There was no significant difference between esophagectomy and ER regarding 5-year OS (HR 1.26; 95% CI 1.00-1.60; P = 0.05), 5-year CSS (HR 0.65; 95% CI 0.20-2.17; P = 0.49), and 30-day mortality (HR 0.39; 95% CI 0.13-1.16; P = 0.09). 5-year; 30-day; We compared patients with T1b esophageal cancer who underwent ER or esophagectomy. [6] The incidence of recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) lymph node metastasis in thoracic esophageal carcinoma ranges from 30% to 50%. Study follow-up: At 5-year follow-up, the multivariate meta-analysis showed similar OS for RLNP vs.; The purpose of the present study was to investigate the influence of RLNP on long-term survival in patients undergoing esophagectomy for cancer. [7] No significant differences were found regarding mortality hazard up to 60-month follow-up (HR =0.96; 95% CI: 0.79, 1.10). 60-month; The purpose of the present study was to investigate the influence of RLNP on long-term survival in patients undergoing esophagectomy for cancer. [7]"],["Removal of stomach tissue","Removal of stomach tissue.","For 168 patients who underwent conversion gastrectomy after IP PTX-based regimens, the 1-year OS was 84 % (95 % CI: 77-89). 1-year; Efficacy and safety of intraperitoneal paclitaxel-based regimens in patients with gastric cancer and peritoneal metastasis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. — Among 855 patients, the overall pooled MST with IP PTX-based regimens was 20.2 months. [8] No significant differences were observed in 5-year OS (HR 1.23, 95% CI 0.83-1.84) or RFS (HR 1.36, 95% CI 0.94-1.95). 5-year; Proximal vs. total gastrectomy for proximal advanced gastric cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of propensity score-matched studies. — Four propensity score-matched (PSM) comparative studies were included in the quantitative meta-analysis, comprising 284 patients undergoing PG and 305 patients undergoing TG after NAC. [9] RG had longer operative time (WMD: 93.4; 95% CI: 65.89-120.9; P < 0.001) but less blood loss (WMD: -86.71; 95% CI: -120.91--52.52; P < 0.001), shorter hospital stay (WMD: -3.17 days; 95% CI: -4.17--2.16; P < 0.001), lower postoperative complication rate (OR: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.43-0.87; P = 0.006), and higher R0 resection rate (OR: 1.88; 95% CI: 1.57-2.24; P = 0.000). 3.17 days; The value of robot-assisted gastrectomy in the treatment of gastric cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. — Seventeen studies involving 31,573 patients (10,524 RG, 21,049 OG) were included. [10]"],["Heated chemotherapy inside the abdomen (HIPEC)","Heated chemotherapy inside the abdomen (HIPEC).","About 20% of gastric cancer patients have peritoneal metastases diagnosed preoperatively or intraoperatively, and the median survival time of advanced patients with peritoneal metastases is only 3-6 months, with a 5-year survival rate of less than 2%. 3-6 months; 5-year; About 20% of gastric cancer patients have peritoneal metastases diagnosed preoperatively or intraoperatively, and the median survival time of advanced patients with peritoneal metastases is only 3-6 months, with a 5-year survival rate of less than 2%. [11] Meta-analysis showed that the rate of peritoneal metastasis was significantly lower in the HIPEC group than in the control group (OR: 0.24; 95% CI: 0.16-0.35), the rate of distant metastasis was significantly lower in the HIPEC group (OR: 0.45, 95% CI: 0.28-0.71), the 3-year survival rate was prolonged in the HIPEC group compared with the control group (OR: 1.48; 95% CI: 1.01-2.17), the 3-year disease-free survival rate was significantly higher in the HIPEC group (OR: 1.92; 95% CI: 1.23-3.00), and HIPEC was not associated with an increased number of complications and adverse events. 3-year; About 20% of gastric cancer patients have peritoneal metastases diagnosed preoperatively or intraoperatively, and the median survival time of advanced patients with peritoneal metastases is only 3-6 months, with a 5-year survival rate of less than 2%. [11] The findings revealed that HIPEC had a higher survival rate (risk ratio [RR] 0.60; 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.43, 0.86], P = 0.005, RR 0.82; 95% CI [0.70, 0.97], P = 0.02, RR 0.83; 95% CI [0.71, 0.96], P < 0.01, and RR 0.63 [0.54, 0.73], P < 0.00001) after 1, 2, 3, and 5 years compared with the control group. 5 years; Gastric cancer patients treated with HIPEC have shown promising outcomes with regard to survival, recurrence, disease-free survival, and adverse reactions. [12]"],["Laparoscopic removal of stomach tissue","Laparoscopic removal of stomach tissue.","The meta-analysis showed that compared with open gastrectomy, patients with GC > 80 years old who underwent laparoscopic gastrectomy had a longer operative time (weighted mean difference [WMD] = 30.48, p < 0.001), less intraoperative blood loss (WMD = -166.96, P < 0.001), shorter postoperative exhaust time (WMD =-0.83, p < 0.001), shorter length of stay (WMD = -0.78, p < 0.001), fewer overall complications (Odds ratio [OR] = 0.54, p = 0.003), higher 5-year overall survival rate (OR = 1.66, p = 0.03) and disease-specific survival rate (OR = 3.23, p < 0.001). 80 years; 5-year; This study aimed to analyse the short-term outcomes and oncological prognosis of laparoscopic gastrectomy in super-elderly patients with gastric cancer (GC). [13] Although RG was associated with a longer operative time (MD, 19.82 min), patients may benefit from reduced blood loss (MD, -28.91 mL), shorter length of stay (MD, -0.69 days), lower morbidity (RR, 0.82), major complications (RR, 0.71), blood transfusion rate (RR, 0.60), conversion rate (RR, 0.38), and higher number of harvested lymph nodes (MD, 3.25). 0.69 days; This meta-analysis aimed to compare the short-term outcomes between robotic gastrectomy (RG) and laparoscopic gastrectomy (LG) for patients with locally advanced gastric cancer using data collected from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and propensity score-matched (PSM) studies. [14] RG significantly reduced overall postoperative complications (OR 0.49, 95% CI 0.26-0.93, P = 0.03), shortened hospital stay (MD - 0.88 days, 95% CI - 1.21 to - 0.55, P < 0.00001), and accelerated bowel function recovery (MD - 0.52 days, 95% CI - 1.00 to - 0.05, P = 0.03) and oral intake (MD - 0.52 days, 95% CI - 1.01 to - 0.03, P = 0.04). 0.88 days; 0.52 days; Robotic versus laparoscopic gastrectomy for gastric cancer: a GRADE-assessed systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials on operative metrics, lymphadenectomy, and postoperative complications. — Four RCTs encompassing 919 patients (480 RG, 439 LG) met the inclusion criteria. [15]"],["Laparoscopic removal of lymph nodes","Laparoscopic removal of lymph nodes.","ICG use was associated with significantly improved 1-year (RR = 1.04) and 2-year (RR = 1.09) overall survival, and a greater number of retrieved lymph nodes (MD = 6.00). 1-year; 2-year; This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and surgical outcomes of ICG-guided laparoscopic lymphadenectomy compared to conventional laparoscopic lymphadenectomy in patients with gastric cancer. [16] The actual OS in the SSA group (87.6%) was comparable to that in the SMA group (90.8%, P = 0.41), as were the 3-year actual DFS rates (SSA: 82.9% vs. 3-year; A total of 266 patients with resectable gastric adenocarcinoma (cT1-4a, N0/ +, M0) were enrolled. [17] After a 5-year follow-up, the ICG group had a considerably lower cumulative recurrence rate (26/129, 20.2%) than the non-ICG group (44/129, 34.1%) (Gray's test P = 0.011), with a risk difference of - 0.140. 5-year; METHODS: Participants with resectable gastric adenocarcinoma were randomly allocated in a 1:1 ratio. [18]"],["Laparoscopic removal of the whole stomach","Laparoscopic removal of the whole stomach.","The 5-year OS rate was 93.3% in the LTG group compared to 94.5% in the OTG group, and the 5-year DFS rate was 92.4% in the LTG group compared to 93.6% in the OTG group. 5-year; The long-term survival outcomes for patients with clinical stage I gastric cancer who undergo laparoscopic total gastrectomy (LTG) are still uncertain due to the limited high-level clinical evidence. [19] The primary outcome was the morbidity and mortality within 30 days following surgeries between LTG and OTG with a noninferiority margin of 10%. 30 days; The Chinese Laparoscopic Gastrointestinal Surgery Study (CLASS) Group CLASS02 study was a prospective, multicenter, open-label, noninferiority, randomized clinical trial that compared the safety of LTG vs OTG with lymphadenectomy for patients with clinical stage I gastric cancer. [20] However, 90-day mortality was numerically higher after LTG (7.0% vs 1.4%), and esophagojejunal leakage was significantly more frequent after LTG (15.5% vs 4.2%, p = 0.046).Key surrogate oncological outcomes, including lymph node yield and R0 resection rate, were comparable. 90-day; This single-centre retrospective cohort included 198 consecutive patients who underwent curative-intent total gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy for gastric adenocarcinoma between 2022 and 2025 (LTG, n = 112; OTG, n = 86). [21]"],["Removal of lymph nodes","Removal of lymph nodes.","RG significantly reduced overall postoperative complications (OR 0.49, 95% CI 0.26-0.93, P = 0.03), shortened hospital stay (MD - 0.88 days, 95% CI - 1.21 to - 0.55, P < 0.00001), and accelerated bowel function recovery (MD - 0.52 days, 95% CI - 1.00 to - 0.05, P = 0.03) and oral intake (MD - 0.52 days, 95% CI - 1.01 to - 0.03, P = 0.04). 0.88 days; 0.52 days; Robotic versus laparoscopic gastrectomy for gastric cancer: a GRADE-assessed systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials on operative metrics, lymphadenectomy, and postoperative complications. — Four RCTs encompassing 919 patients (480 RG, 439 LG) met the inclusion criteria. [15] ICG use was associated with significantly improved 1-year (RR = 1.04) and 2-year (RR = 1.09) overall survival, and a greater number of retrieved lymph nodes (MD = 6.00). 1-year; 2-year; This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and surgical outcomes of ICG-guided laparoscopic lymphadenectomy compared to conventional laparoscopic lymphadenectomy in patients with gastric cancer. [16] ICG slightly reduced blood loss (MD = -26.22 mL; 95 % CI: -49.76 to -2.69; p = 0.04; I2 = 56 %) and length of stay (MD = -0.36 days; 95 % CI: -0.64 to -0.07; p = 0.03; I2 = 0 %), with similar overall complications (RR = 0.92; 95 % CI: 0.79-1.08; p = 0.20; I2 = 0 %). 0.36 days; Indocyanine green-guided lymphadenectomy in gastric cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. — Five studies involving 694 patients treated with NAT were included, of which 344 used ICG and 350 conventional surgeries. [22]"],["Minimally invasive removal of the oesophagus","Minimally invasive removal of the oesophagus.","Estimated blood loss (MD - 71.78 mL, p < 0.00001), total number of harvested lymph nodes (MD 2.18 nodes, p < 0.0001) and along the left RLN (MD 0.73 nodes, p = 0.03), pulmonary complications (RR 0.70, p = 0.001) and length of hospital stay (MD - 3.03 days, p < 0.0001) are outcomes that favored RAMIE. 3.03 days; The role of robotic surgery in the curative-intent treatment of esophageal cancer patients is yet to be defined. [23] RAMIE displayed the lowest 30-day mortality rate at 0.80% (2/250). 30-day; Minimally invasive vs open vs hybrid esophagectomy for esophageal cancer: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. — Seven randomised controlled trials (RCTs) with 1063 patients were included. [24] There was no significant difference in 30-day and 90-day mortality between MIE and open esophagectomy [odds ratio (OR) = 0.42, 95% CI (0.09, 2.01); OR 0.80, 95% CI (0.25, 2.60), respectively]. 30-day; 90-day; Overall, MIE could significantly improve the overall survival of patients with esophageal cancer after neoadjuvant therapy compared with open esophagectomy [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.86, 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.75, 0.98)]. [25]"],["Minimally invasive removal of stomach tissue","Minimally invasive removal of stomach tissue.","MIG was associated with higher R0 resection rate (96.5% vs. 92.4% in OG), shorter hospital stay, lower perioperative complication rate (23.0% vs. 31.6%, P<0.001), and reduced 30-day and 90-day mortality rates (1.6% vs. 3.3%, [P=0.026] and 1.9% vs. 4.7%, [P=0.001], respectively). 30-day; 90-day; MIG was performed in patients with smaller tumors, earlier stages, and less frequently receiving neoadjuvant treatment (P<0.001). [26] Multivariate analysis revealed that age ≥ 75 years (OR 1.62, 95% CI [1.02-2.60], p = 0.042) and postoperative complications (OR 6.04, 95% CI [3.54-10.32], p < 0.001) were independent risk factors for PD. 75 years; A total of 1476 consecutive patients with gastric cancer undergoing laparoscopic or robotic gastrectomy between 2009 and 2019 at our institution were retrospectively reviewed. [27] In patients without complications, TG (OR 1.88) and age of ≥ 75 years(OR 1.71) were determined as independent risk factors. 75 years; A total of 1476 consecutive patients with gastric cancer undergoing laparoscopic or robotic gastrectomy between 2009 and 2019 at our institution were retrospectively reviewed. [27]"],["Minimally invasive removal of the whole stomach","Minimally invasive removal of the whole stomach.","No difference in 3-year survival was observed, this was 57.1% in OTG group versus 46.8% in MITG group (P = 0.186). 3-year; Patients were randomized between OTG and MITG for advanced gastric cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. [28] One-year survival was 90.4% in OTG and 85.5% in MITG (p = 0.701). One-year; The incidence of gastric cancer is lower in the Western population and patients often present with more advanced stages of disease. [29]"],["Open removal of the oesophagus","Open removal of the oesophagus.","There was no significant difference in 30-day and 90-day mortality between MIE and open esophagectomy [odds ratio (OR) = 0.42, 95% CI (0.09, 2.01); OR 0.80, 95% CI (0.25, 2.60), respectively]. 30-day; 90-day; Overall, MIE could significantly improve the overall survival of patients with esophageal cancer after neoadjuvant therapy compared with open esophagectomy [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.86, 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.75, 0.98)]. [25] The 5-year OS was 59% (95% CI, 48%-68%) in the HMIE group and 47% (95% CI, 37%-57%) in the open esophagectomy group (hazard ratio [HR], 0.71; 95% CI, 0.48-1.06). 5-year; Eligible patients were 18 to 75 years of age and were diagnosed with resectable cancer of the middle or lower third of the esophagus. [30] The combined 5-year overall survival rates for RAMIE and OTE were 41% (95% CI 27-55) and 40% (95% CI 26-53), respectively (log rank test P = 0.827). 5-year; This study is a follow-up study of the ROBOT trial, which was a randomized controlled trial comparing RAMIE to OTE in 112 patients with intrathoracic esophageal cancer. [31]"],["Open removal of stomach tissue","Open removal of stomach tissue.","Five-year OS (HR 0.95, 95% CI 0.85-1.07) and DFS (HR 0.91, 95% CI 0.79-1.04) did not differ significantly overall; a gastrectomy-type interaction was observed for 5-year OS (P = 0.0041), with imprecise subgroup estimates. 5-year; In selected patients with T4a gastric cancer, LG was associated with similar long-term survival and recurrence outcomes to OG, with faster recovery but more pancreatic fistula. [32] The meta-analysis showed that compared with open gastrectomy, patients with GC > 80 years old who underwent laparoscopic gastrectomy had a longer operative time (weighted mean difference [WMD] = 30.48, p < 0.001), less intraoperative blood loss (WMD = -166.96, P < 0.001), shorter postoperative exhaust time (WMD =-0.83, p < 0.001), shorter length of stay (WMD = -0.78, p < 0.001), fewer overall complications (Odds ratio [OR] = 0.54, p = 0.003), higher 5-year overall survival rate (OR = 1.66, p = 0.03) and disease-specific survival rate (OR = 3.23, p < 0.001). 80 years; 5-year; This study aimed to analyse the short-term outcomes and oncological prognosis of laparoscopic gastrectomy in super-elderly patients with gastric cancer (GC). [13] LAG was associated with a longer operative time (MD 49.28 minutes; 95% CI 30.88 to 67.69), lower intraoperative blood loss (MD -51.24 milliliters; 95% CI -81.41 to -21.06), shorter length of stay (MD -0.83 days; 95% CI -1.60 to -0.06), and higher incidence of pancreatic fistula (RR 2.44; 95% CI 1.08 to 5.50). 0.83 days; Laparoscopy-assisted gastrectomy (LAG) is a well-established surgical technique in treating patients with early gastric cancer. [33]"],["Open removal of the whole stomach","Open removal of the whole stomach.","The 5-year OS rate was 93.3% in the LTG group compared to 94.5% in the OTG group, and the 5-year DFS rate was 92.4% in the LTG group compared to 93.6% in the OTG group. 5-year; The long-term survival outcomes for patients with clinical stage I gastric cancer who undergo laparoscopic total gastrectomy (LTG) are still uncertain due to the limited high-level clinical evidence. [19] No difference in 3-year survival was observed, this was 57.1% in OTG group versus 46.8% in MITG group (P = 0.186). 3-year; Patients were randomized between OTG and MITG for advanced gastric cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. [28] One-year survival was 90.4% in OTG and 85.5% in MITG (p = 0.701). One-year; The incidence of gastric cancer is lower in the Western population and patients often present with more advanced stages of disease. [29]"],["Removal of stomach tissue with surrounding tissue and lymph nodes","Removal of stomach tissue with surrounding tissue and lymph nodes.","The NCO group was associated with the higher 3-year overall survival (OS) rate (RR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.91-0.99, P = 0.02), 5-year OS rate (RR = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.87-0.96, P = 0.0006), and 5-year relapse-free survival (RFS) rate (RR = 0.93, 95% CI = 0.87-0.99, P = 0.02). 3-year; 5-year; The efficacy of non-complete omentectomy in the radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer: a meta-analysis and systematic review. — Thirteen studies with a total of 4255 patients were included. [34] There is no significant difference between the single-port laparoscopic gastrectomy group and the multiport laparoscopic gastrectomy group in mean operation time(MD = 5.23,95% CI:-16.58~27.04,P = 0.64), time to first soft fluid diet(MD=-0.06,95% CI: -0.30~0.18,P = 0.63), time to first flatus(MD=-0.18,95% CI:-0.43~0.07,P = 0.16), early complication(OR = 0.73,95% CI:0.50~1.09,P = 0.12), hospital mortality(OR = 1.00,95% CI:0.09~11.16,P = 1.00), retrieved number of lymph nodes(MD=-1.15, 95% CI:-2.71~0.40, P = 0.15), survival rate after surgery 1 year(OR = 2.14,95% CI:0.50~9.07,P = 0.30), and survival rate after surgery 5 year(93.7 vs. 87.6%; p = 0.689). 1 year; 5 year; To make a high-quality comparison of the short- and long-term outcomes of single-port laparoscopic gastrectomy versus multiport laparoscopic gastrectomy, we performed this meta-analysis, which only included propensity score-matched studies and randomized controlled trials comparing single-port laparoscopic gastrectomy with multiport laparoscopic gastrectomy for patients with gastric cancer. [35] In terms of oncological outcomes, the use of ICG could reduce the overall recurrence rate (OR = 0.50; 95% CI 0.28-0.89; P = 0.02) but could not increase the 2-year overall survival rate (OR = 1.25; 95% CI 0.72-2.18; P = 0.43). 2-year; Efficacy of indocyanine green fluorescence imaging-guided lymphadenectomy in radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. — 17 studies with a total of 2274 patients (1186 in the ICG group and 1088 in the control group) undergoing radical gastrectomy and lymphadenectomy were included. [36]"],["Robot-assisted removal of stomach tissue","Robot-assisted removal of stomach tissue.","RG had longer operative time (WMD: 93.4; 95% CI: 65.89-120.9; P < 0.001) but less blood loss (WMD: -86.71; 95% CI: -120.91--52.52; P < 0.001), shorter hospital stay (WMD: -3.17 days; 95% CI: -4.17--2.16; P < 0.001), lower postoperative complication rate (OR: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.43-0.87; P = 0.006), and higher R0 resection rate (OR: 1.88; 95% CI: 1.57-2.24; P = 0.000). 3.17 days; The value of robot-assisted gastrectomy in the treatment of gastric cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. — Seventeen studies involving 31,573 patients (10,524 RG, 21,049 OG) were included. [10] The 5-year overall survival (OS) was 96.7% (95% confidence interval [CI] 91.5-98.7%). 5-year; This single-center, prospective phase II study enrolled patients with clinical stage I gastric cancer undergoing RG. [37] The 5-year recurrence-free (RFS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) rates were 96.7% (95% CI 91.5-98.7%) and 99.2% (95% CI 94.3-99.9%), respectively. 5-year; This single-center, prospective phase II study enrolled patients with clinical stage I gastric cancer undergoing RG. [37]"],["Robot-assisted removal of the whole stomach","Robot-assisted removal of the whole stomach.","The results of the analysis showed that RATG has advantages in the following aspects: intraoperative blood loss was 17.69 ml lower in the RATG group than in the LATG group (WMD: -17.69,95% CI:-20.90 ∼ -14.49; P < 0.05); In terms of the number of resected lymph nodes, the RATG group had 2.65 more than the LATG group (WMD: 2.65,95% CI:0.88 ∼ -4.42); P < 0.05); the time to start liquid and postoperative hospital stays were 0.62 and 0.90 days shorter in the RATG group than in the LATG group, respectively (WMD: -0.62,95%CI: -1.06 ∼ -0.19; P < 0.05), (WMD: -0.90,95%CI: -1.43 ∼ -0.37; P < 0.05)); the incidence of major complications and pancreas fistula in the RATG group was 0.59% and 0.17% lower than in the LATG group, respectively (OR: 0.59,95% CI: 0.38 ∼ 0.93; P < 0.05), (OR: 0.17,95% CI: 0.03 ∼ 0.94; P < 0.05). 0.90 days; Nine studies that included 1,864 patients with gastric cancer were included, published between 2012 and 2023. [38] In stage III, 3-year DFS was higher in the RTG group (67.4% vs. 54.5%, P = 0.047), but no significant differences were found in 3-year OS or CIR (all P > 0.05). 3-year; Operative safety and oncologic outcomes of robotic and laparoscopic total gastrectomy for advanced middle-upper gastric cancer: a multicenter retrospective study. — This retrospective cohort study included 1099 patients with AMUGC who underwent RTG/LTG at eight high-volume centers in China between 2015 and 2019. [39]"],["Reconnecting the digestive tract in a Y-shaped arrangement","Reconnecting the digestive tract in a Y-shaped arrangement.","Uncut Roux-en-Y reconstruction versus Billroth II reconstruction In the realm of surgical complications, very low-certainty evidence suggests that uncut Roux-en-Y reconstruction compared with Billroth II reconstruction may make little to no difference to major postoperative complications (risk ratio (RR) 0.98, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.24 to 4.05; I² = 0%; risk difference (RD) 0.00, 95% CI -0.04 to 0.04; I² = 0%; 2 studies, 282 participants; very low-certainty evidence) and incidence of anastomotic leakage (RR 0.64, 95% CI 0.29 to 1.44; I² not applicable; RD -0.00, 95% CI -0.03 to 0.02; I² = 32%; 3 studies, 615 participants; very low-certainty evidence). Study follow-up: The follow-up periods for long-term outcomes spanned from 3 months to 42 months, with most studies focusing on a 6- to 12-month range.; Choosing an optimal reconstruction method is pivotal for patients with gastric cancer undergoing distal gastrectomy. [40] Uncut Roux-en-Y reconstruction versus Roux-en-Y reconstruction In the realm of surgical complications, very low-certainty evidence suggests that uncut Roux-en-Y reconstruction compared with Roux-en-Y reconstruction may make little to no difference to major postoperative complications (RR 4.74, 95% CI 0.23 to 97.08; I² not applicable; RD 0.01, 95% CI -0.02 to 0.04; I² = 0%; 2 studies, 256 participants; very low-certainty evidence) and incidence of anastomotic leakage (RR 0.34, 95% CI 0.05 to 2.08; I² = 0%; RD -0.02, 95% CI -0.06 to 0.02; I² = 0%; 2 studies, 213 participants; very low-certainty evidence). Study follow-up: The follow-up periods for long-term outcomes spanned from 3 months to 42 months, with most studies focusing on a 6- to 12-month range.; Choosing an optimal reconstruction method is pivotal for patients with gastric cancer undergoing distal gastrectomy. [40] There is no significant difference between the proximal gastrectomy with double-tract reconstruction and the total gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y reconstruction group in Early-phase complications(OR = 1.14,95% CI:0.79∼1.64, P = 0.50), Late-phase complications(OR = 1.37,95% CI:0.78∼2.39, P = 0.27), Gastroesophageal reflux symptom evaluation (Visick score)(≥ III)(OR = 0.94,95% CI:0.14∼1.07 P = 0.07), Los Angeles classification(C or D)(OR = 0.33,95% CI:0.01∼8.21, P = 0.50), the 5-year overall survival rates (HR = 1.01, 95% CI: 0.83 ~ 1.23, P = 0.89). 5-year; According to the 5th edition of the Japanese Guidelines for the Treatment of Gastric Cancer, proximal gastrectomy is recommended for patients with early upper gastric cancer who can retain the distal half of the residual stomach after R0 resection. [41]"]]]},{"id":"narrative-indications_and_alternatives","title":"When surgery may help and what alternatives to discuss","text":"When surgery may help and what alternatives to discuss For stomach cancer, the tumor's location and stage help determine how much of the stomach needs to be removed. In early gastric cancer, function-preserving treatment seeks to balance complete cancer removal with a smaller operation and preservation of digestion. Endoscopic removal, performed from inside the digestive tract, is among the approaches considered within this framework; it is not a replacement for surgery in every patient. For localized esophageal cancer, surgery is part of care involving several treatment specialties. When discussing a team, ask about its training in the planned operation and how it monitors surgical performance. Minimally invasive esophagectomy is technically demanding, and structured training, supervised practice and continued monitoring are central to training for its robotic form. Sources (5) [Chinese expert consensus on prevention and treatment of complications related to digestive tract reconstruction after laparoscopic radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer (2022 edition)]. [Chinese expert consensus on function-preserving gastrectomy for gastric cancer(2025 edition)]. [Chinese expert consensus on celiac lymphadenectomy during open/minimally invasive esophagectomy (2023 edition)]. European consensus on essential steps of Minimally Invasive Ivor Lewis and McKeown Esophagectomy through Delphi methodology. Robotic-assisted minimally invasive esophagectomy (RAMIE) for esophageal cancer training curriculum-a worldwide Delphi consensus study.","links":[{"label":"[Chinese expert consensus on prevention and treatment of complications related to digestive tract reconstruction after laparoscopic radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer (2022 edition)].","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35970798/"},{"label":"[Chinese expert consensus on function-preserving gastrectomy for gastric cancer(2025 edition)].","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39971560/"},{"label":"[Chinese expert consensus on celiac lymphadenectomy during open/minimally invasive esophagectomy (2023 edition)].","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37875423/"},{"label":"European consensus on essential steps of Minimally Invasive Ivor Lewis and McKeown Esophagectomy through Delphi methodology.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33608767/"},{"label":"Robotic-assisted minimally invasive esophagectomy (RAMIE) for esophageal cancer training curriculum-a worldwide Delphi consensus study.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34382061/"}]},{"id":"narrative-outcomes_and_limits","title":"Expected outcomes and limits of the evidence","text":"Expected outcomes and limits of the evidence In an Irish national-center series published in 2021, 219 patients underwent open esophageal resection with curative intent during 2014–2018, either as surgery alone or as part of combined treatment. Their average age was 67 years and 77% were men. Death within 30 days of surgery was reported in 0.0% of patients, and death within 90 days in 0.9%. These are short-term surgical outcomes, not cancer cure rates. The comparison with national and international surgical datasets did not adjust for differences in patients' underlying risk, so it cannot establish that open surgery is safer than minimally invasive surgery or predict an individual's result. Sources (1) Comparison of Esophagectomy outcomes between a National Center, a National Audit Collaborative, and an International database using the Esophageal Complications Consensus Group (ECCG) standardized definitions.","links":[{"label":"Comparison of Esophagectomy outcomes between a National Center, a National Audit Collaborative, and an International database using the Esophageal Complications Consensus Group (ECCG) standardized definitions.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32591791/"}]},{"id":"narrative-risks","title":"Risks to discuss with your surgeon","text":"Risks to discuss with your surgeon After esophagectomy, a leak at the new digestive connection is a serious complication. Assessment can involve clinical signs, blood tests and imaging; treatment options include supportive care, drainage and closing the defect. Lung complications can prolong recovery and contribute to death. After removal of the upper part of the stomach, loss of the normal barrier to reflux can allow digestive contents to flow back into the esophagus and cause inflammation. Delayed stomach emptying and narrowing at the new connection are also concerns. Reconstruction methods are designed in part to reduce reflux. Complications of reconstruction after stomach cancer surgery can be life-threatening. Sources (5) International Society for Diseases of the Esophagus consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of anastomotic leak after esophagectomy. Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery of Great Britain and Ireland (AUGIS)/Perioperative Quality Initiative (POQI) consensus statement on intraoperative and postoperative interventions to reduce pulmonary complications after oesophagectomy. [Chinese consensus on digestive tract reconstruction after proximal gastrectomy (2024 edition)]. [Experts consensus on proximal gastrectomy with jejunal interposition reconstruction (2025 version)]. [Chinese expert consensus on prevention and treatment of complications related to digestive tract reconstruction after laparoscopic radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer (2022 edition)].","links":[{"label":"International Society for Diseases of the Esophagus consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of anastomotic leak after esophagectomy.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41642185/"},{"label":"Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery of Great Britain and Ireland (AUGIS)/Perioperative Quality Initiative (POQI) consensus statement on intraoperative and postoperative interventions to reduce pulmonary complications after oesophagectomy.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36001582/"},{"label":"[Chinese consensus on digestive tract reconstruction after proximal gastrectomy (2024 edition)].","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39428219/"},{"label":"[Experts consensus on proximal gastrectomy with jejunal interposition reconstruction (2025 version)].","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41397819/"},{"label":"[Chinese expert consensus on prevention and treatment of complications related to digestive tract reconstruction after laparoscopic radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer (2022 edition)].","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35970798/"}]},{"id":"narrative-recovery_and_followup","title":"Recovery and follow-up care","text":"Recovery and follow-up care Nutrition is part of preparation for stomach cancer surgery: nutritional status before the operation affects complications and cancer-specific survival. After total gastrectomy, routine vitamin B12 supplementation is indicated. Follow-up after function-preserving stomach surgery includes checking nutrition, remaining stomach function, related complications and quality of life. After esophagectomy, readiness to leave hospital involves more than reaching a particular day. Discharge criteria include meeting nutritional needs with at least liquids by mouth, with supplementary tube feeding if needed; passing gas; breathing without extra oxygen at rest and while moving; and pain control with oral medicines. The team also checks vital signs, improving inflammation tests and removal of central intravenous lines. Feeding plans, pain management and physiotherapy are part of care aimed at reducing lung complications. After stomach cancer surgery, examination of the removed tissue and lymph nodes helps establish the cancer stage and plan additional treatment. Sources (5) Taiwan nutritional consensus on the nutrition management for gastric cancer patients receiving gastrectomy. [Chinese expert consensus on function-preserving gastrectomy for gastric cancer(2025 edition)]. Fit-for-Discharge Criteria after Esophagectomy: An International Expert Delphi Consensus. Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery of Great Britain and Ireland (AUGIS)/Perioperative Quality Initiative (POQI) consensus statement on intraoperative and postoperative interventions to reduce pulmonary complications after oesophagectomy. [Chinese experts consensus on standardized surgical management of specimens from radical gastrectomy (2022 edition)].","links":[{"label":"Taiwan nutritional consensus on the nutrition management for gastric cancer patients receiving gastrectomy.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31859187/"},{"label":"[Chinese expert consensus on function-preserving gastrectomy for gastric cancer(2025 edition)].","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39971560/"},{"label":"Fit-for-Discharge Criteria after Esophagectomy: An International Expert Delphi Consensus.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32960264/"},{"label":"Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery of Great Britain and Ireland (AUGIS)/Perioperative Quality Initiative (POQI) consensus statement on intraoperative and postoperative interventions to reduce pulmonary complications after oesophagectomy.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36001582/"},{"label":"[Chinese experts consensus on standardized surgical management of specimens from radical gastrectomy (2022 edition)].","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35176818/"}]},{"id":"explore","title":"Explore surgery and care teams","text":"Explore surgery and care teams Stomach cancer surgery Gastroectomy Esophagectomy Stomach_esophagus surgery surgeons Stomach cancer surgery surgeons Gastroectomy surgeons Esophagectomy surgeons Stomach_esophagus surgery clinics Stomach cancer surgery clinics Gastroectomy clinics Esophagectomy clinics","links":[{"label":"Stomach cancer surgery","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/oncologic-surgery/method-oncosurgery-op122/"},{"label":"Gastroectomy","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/oncologic-surgery/method-oncosurgery-op719/"},{"label":"Esophagectomy","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/oncologic-surgery/method-oncosurgery-op216/"},{"label":"Stomach_esophagus surgery surgeons","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/oncologic-surgery/surgeons-organ-stomach-esophagus/"},{"label":"Stomach cancer surgery surgeons","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/oncologic-surgery/surgeons-method-oncosurgery-op122/"},{"label":"Gastroectomy surgeons","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/oncologic-surgery/surgeons-method-oncosurgery-op719/"},{"label":"Esophagectomy surgeons","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/oncologic-surgery/surgeons-method-oncosurgery-op216/"},{"label":"Stomach_esophagus surgery clinics","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/oncologic-surgery/clinics-organ-stomach-esophagus/"},{"label":"Stomach cancer surgery clinics","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/oncologic-surgery/clinics-method-oncosurgery-op122/"},{"label":"Gastroectomy clinics","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/oncologic-surgery/clinics-method-oncosurgery-op719/"},{"label":"Esophagectomy clinics","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/oncologic-surgery/clinics-method-oncosurgery-op216/"}]},{"id":"specialists","title":"Specialists and their operations","text":"Specialists and their operations Israel · 6 entries Czech Republic · 1 entries Turkey · 1–12 of 30 entries Turkey · 13–24 of 30 entries Turkey · 25–30 of 30 entries Germany · 6 entries Spain · 3 entries Mexico · 1 entries Italy · 1 entries Austria · 2 entries Thailand · 1 entries Sources (51) Joseph Klauzner Jaroslav Tvaruzek Mustafa Solak Viola Fox Onder Surgit Ayhan Erdemir Sinan Karaaslan Bulent Karagoz Pekize Eker Balcioglu Cengiz Dibekoglu Halil Alis Peter Schenker Turgut Camkiran Muzaffer Al Erol Kilic Kadir Dicle Levent Akgun Kazak Soykan Barlas Xavier Centeno Fornies Enrique Pliego Esquivel Assoc Prof Dr Guner Cakmak Yusuf Acikgoz Mehmet Akif Aydin Selin Kapan Cesar Canales Bedoya Wolfgang Schröder Ron Greenberg Riccardo Rosati Abdulcabbar Kartal Igor Suhotnik Kivanc Derya Peker Vafi Atalay Volkan Kinas Hanifi Onalan Carlos Garcia Vasquez Almog Ben Yaacov Florian Gebauer Chief Of General And Visceral Surgery Lars Bönicke Boris Pfaffenbach Tarik Akar Martin Schindl Sebastian F Schoppmann Vahit Mutluu Yahya Ozel Samet Yardimci Mehmet Guler Aziz Kemal Emek boaz Sagi Sedat Karademir Professor Ido Nachmany Premkamol Patraithikul","links":[{"label":"","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/oncologic-surgery/surgeon-bookimed-224/"},{"label":"Joseph Klauzner","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/oncologic-surgery/surgeon-bookimed-224/"},{"label":"Sourasky Medical Center (Ichilov)","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/oncologic-surgery/clinic-1/"},{"label":"","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/oncologic-surgery/surgeon-bookimed-234/"},{"label":"Ron Greenberg","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/oncologic-surgery/surgeon-bookimed-234/"},{"label":"Sourasky Medical Center (Ichilov)","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/oncologic-surgery/clinic-1/"},{"label":"","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/oncologic-surgery/surgeon-bookimed-3439/"},{"label":"Igor Suhotnik","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/oncologic-surgery/surgeon-bookimed-3439/"},{"label":"Sourasky Medical Center 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Yardimci","url":"https://us-uk.bookimed.com/doctor/samet-yardimci/"},{"label":"Mehmet Guler","url":"https://us-uk.bookimed.com/doctor/mehmet-guler/"},{"label":"Aziz Kemal Emek","url":"https://us-uk.bookimed.com/doctor/aziz-kemal-emek/"},{"label":"boaz Sagi","url":"https://us-uk.bookimed.com/doctor/boaz-sagi/"},{"label":"Sedat Karademir","url":"https://us-uk.bookimed.com/doctor/sedat-karademir/"},{"label":"Professor Ido Nachmany","url":"https://us-uk.bookimed.com/doctor/ido-nachmany/"},{"label":"Premkamol Patraithikul","url":"https://us-uk.bookimed.com/doctor/premkamol-patraithikul/"}],"tables":[[["Specialist","Clinic","Operations and experience","Ask about treatment"],["Joseph Klauzner","Sourasky Medical Center (Ichilov) Tel Aviv, Israel","Removal of liver cancer; Removal of colon cancer; Prostatectomy; Stomach cancer surgery; Da Vinci Robotic System; Small intestine resection; Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy (HIPEC); Whipple surgery; Colectomy (large bowel resection); Liver resection; Rectal resection; Gastroectomy; Pancreatic cancer surgery In practice since 1984","Ask about treatment"],["Ron Greenberg","Sourasky Medical Center (Ichilov) Tel Aviv, Israel","Removal of liver cancer; Removal of colon cancer; Stomach cancer surgery; Esophagectomy; Small intestine resection; Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy (HIPEC); Whipple surgery; Colectomy (large bowel resection); Liver resection; Rectal resection; Gastroectomy In practice since 1991","Ask about treatment"],["Igor Suhotnik","Sourasky Medical Center (Ichilov) Tel Aviv, Israel","Small intestine resection; Colectomy (large bowel resection); Liver resection; Gastroectomy In practice since 1990","Ask about treatment"],["Almog Ben Yaacov","Sheba Medical Center Ramat Gan, Israel","Removal of liver cancer; Removal of colon cancer; Stomach cancer surgery; Da Vinci Robotic System; Esophagectomy; Small intestine resection; Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy (HIPEC); Whipple surgery; Magnetic Resonance-guided Focused Ultrasound Surgery (MRgFUS); Colectomy (large bowel resection); Liver resection; Gastroectomy; Pancreatic cancer surgery In practice since 2006","Ask about treatment"],["boaz Sagi","Sourasky Medical Center (Ichilov) Tel Aviv, Israel","Stomach cancer surgery; Gastroectomy; Pancreatic cancer surgery In practice since 1990","Ask about treatment"],["Professor Ido Nachmany","Sheba Medical Center Ramat Gan, Israel","Removal of liver cancer; Stomach cancer surgery; Small intestine resection; Whipple surgery; Liver resection; Gastroectomy; Pancreatic cancer surgery In practice since 1998","Ask about treatment"]],[["Specialist","Clinic","Operations and experience","Ask about treatment"],["Jaroslav Tvaruzek","Robotic Surgery Center in St. Zdislava Hospital Velke Mezirici, Czech Republic","Thyroid resection; Removal of liver cancer; Removal of colon cancer; Nephrectomy; Stomach cancer surgery; Da Vinci Robotic System; Esophagectomy; Small intestine resection; Robotic da Vinci prostatectomy; Hysterectomy with DaVinci robot; Colectomy (large bowel resection); Liver resection; Rectal resection; Pancreatic cancer surgery In practice since 1990","Ask about treatment"]],[["Specialist","Clinic","Operations and experience","Ask about treatment"],["Mustafa Solak","Hisar Hospital Intercontinental Istanbul, Turkey","Mastectomy; Thyroid resection; Removal of liver cancer; Removal of colon cancer; Prostatectomy; Removal of spinal cord tumor; Melanoma surgery; Nephrectomy; Stomach cancer surgery; Da Vinci Robotic System; Esophagectomy; Small intestine resection; Robotic da Vinci prostatectomy; Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP); Breast cancer surgery; Hysterectomy (uterus removal); Lumpectomy; Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy (HIPEC); Whipple surgery; Orchiectomy; Mohs microsurgery; Hysterectomy with DaVinci robot; Lung cancer surgery; Bladder removal; Colectomy (large bowel resection); Liver resection; Removal of meningioma; Rectal resection; Removal of testicle tumor; Throat cancer operation; Tongue cancer surgery; Gastroectomy; Pancreatic cancer surgery; Bladder removal with reconstruction; Laparoscopic Hysterectomy In practice since 2006","Ask about treatment"],["Onder Surgit","Optimed International Hospital Tekirdag, Turkey","Prostatectomy; Breast cancer surgery; Whipple surgery; Lung cancer surgery; Gastroectomy In practice since 1995","Ask about treatment"],["Ayhan Erdemir","Anadolu Medical Center Istanbul, Turkey","Stomach cancer surgery; Breast cancer surgery; Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy (HIPEC); Whipple surgery In practice since 2003","Ask about treatment"],["Sinan Karaaslan","Anadolu Medical Center Istanbul, Turkey","Mastectomy; Stomach cancer surgery; Breast cancer surgery; Colectomy (large bowel resection); Rectal resection; Pancreatic cancer surgery In practice since 1997","Ask about treatment"],["Bulent Karagoz","Anadolu Medical Center Istanbul, Turkey","Mastectomy; Melanoma surgery; Stomach cancer surgery; Breast cancer surgery; Whipple surgery; Lung cancer surgery; Colectomy (large bowel resection); Rectal resection; Throat cancer operation In practice since 1993","Ask about treatment"],["Pekize Eker Balcioglu","Hisar Hospital Intercontinental Istanbul, Turkey","Nephrectomy; Small intestine resection; Hysterectomy (uterus removal); Lumpectomy; Colectomy (large bowel resection); Liver resection; Rectal resection; Gastroectomy In practice since 2002","Ask about treatment"],["Cengiz Dibekoglu","Istanbul Florence Nightingale Hospital Istanbul, Turkey","Breast cancer surgery; Lumpectomy; Colectomy (large bowel resection); Rectal resection; Gastroectomy In practice since 1991","Ask about treatment"],["Halil Alis","Valued Med Hub Hospitals Istanbul, Turkey","Small intestine resection; Hysterectomy (uterus removal); Lumpectomy; Whipple surgery; Lung cancer surgery; Colectomy (large bowel resection); Liver resection; Gastroectomy In practice since 1992","Ask about treatment"],["Turgut Camkiran","Büyük Anadolu Hospitals (BAH International) Istanbul, Turkey","Small intestine resection; Breast cancer surgery; Whipple surgery; Colectomy (large bowel resection); Gastroectomy; Pancreatic cancer surgery In practice since 1978","Ask about treatment"],["Muzaffer Al","Büyük Anadolu Hospitals (BAH International) Istanbul, Turkey","Esophagectomy; Small intestine resection; Breast cancer surgery; Lumpectomy; Whipple surgery In practice since 2010","Ask about treatment"],["Erol Kilic","Büyük Anadolu Hospitals (BAH International) Istanbul, Turkey","Small intestine resection; Breast cancer surgery; Whipple surgery; Colectomy (large bowel resection); Gastroectomy; Pancreatic cancer surgery In practice since 2009","Ask about treatment"],["Kadir Dicle","Büyük Anadolu Hospitals (BAH International) Istanbul, Turkey","Small intestine resection; Breast cancer surgery; Whipple surgery; Colectomy (large bowel resection); Gastroectomy; Pancreatic cancer surgery In practice since 2000","Ask about treatment"]],[["Specialist","Clinic","Operations and experience","Ask about treatment"],["Levent Akgun Kazak","Büyük Anadolu Hospitals (BAH International) Istanbul, Turkey","Small intestine resection; Breast cancer surgery; Whipple surgery; Colectomy (large bowel resection); Gastroectomy; Pancreatic cancer surgery In practice since 2008","Ask about treatment"],["Soykan Barlas","VM Medical Park Florya Hospital Istanbul, Turkey","Small intestine resection; Breast cancer surgery; Lumpectomy; Whipple surgery; Colectomy (large bowel resection); Liver resection; Rectal resection; Gastroectomy; Pancreatic cancer surgery In practice since 2002","Ask about treatment"],["Assoc Prof Dr Guner Cakmak","Bookimed Batman, Turkey","Breast cancer surgery; Lumpectomy; Whipple surgery; Lung cancer surgery; Gastroectomy In practice since 1997","Ask about treatment"],["Yusuf Acikgoz","Lokman Hekim University Ankara Hospital Ankara, Turkey","Mastectomy; Thyroid resection; Removal of liver cancer; Removal of colon cancer; Stomach cancer surgery; Breast cancer surgery; Tongue cancer surgery; Pancreatic cancer surgery; Bladder removal with reconstruction In practice since 2016","Ask about treatment"],["Mehmet Akif Aydin","Medical Park Bahcelievler Hospital Istanbul, Turkey","Small intestine resection; Breast cancer surgery; Whipple surgery; Colectomy (large bowel resection); Throat cancer operation; Gastroectomy; Pancreatic cancer surgery In practice since 1998","Ask about treatment"],["Selin Kapan","İstinye University Liv Hospital Topkapı Istanbul, Turkey","Esophagectomy; Small intestine resection; Breast cancer surgery; Lumpectomy; Whipple surgery; Orchiectomy; Lung cancer surgery; Colectomy (large bowel resection); Liver resection; Rectal resection; Throat cancer operation; Gastroectomy; Pancreatic cancer surgery In practice since 1995","Ask about treatment"],["Abdulcabbar Kartal","Anadolu Medical Center Istanbul, Turkey","Removal of colon cancer; Stomach cancer surgery; Esophagectomy; Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy (HIPEC); Whipple surgery; Colectomy (large bowel resection); Liver resection; Rectal resection; Pancreatic cancer surgery In practice since 2007","Ask about treatment"],["Kivanc Derya Peker","Hisar Hospital Intercontinental Istanbul, Turkey","Thyroid resection; Removal of liver cancer; Removal of colon cancer; Stomach cancer surgery; Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy (HIPEC); Whipple surgery; Colectomy (large bowel resection); Liver resection; Rectal resection; Pancreatic cancer surgery In practice since 2004","Ask about treatment"],["Vafi Atalay","Anadolu Medical Center Istanbul, Turkey","Removal of colon cancer; Stomach cancer surgery; Colectomy (large bowel resection); Rectal resection; Gastroectomy In practice since 2004","Ask about treatment"],["Volkan Kinas","Büyük Anadolu Hospitals (BAH International) Istanbul, Turkey","Esophagectomy; Small intestine resection; Liver resection; Rectal resection In practice since 2015","Ask about treatment"],["Hanifi Onalan","Atlas University Hospital Istanbul, Turkey","Thyroid resection; Small intestine resection; Colectomy (large bowel resection); Liver resection; Gastroectomy; Pancreatic cancer surgery In practice since 1999","Ask about treatment"],["Tarik Akar","Hisar Hospital Intercontinental Istanbul, Turkey","Esophagectomy; Small intestine resection; Gastroectomy In practice since 2004","Ask about treatment"]],[["Specialist","Clinic","Operations and experience","Ask about treatment"],["Vahit Mutluu","Memorial Ataşehir Hospital Istanbul, Turkey","Gastroectomy In practice since 2013","Ask about treatment"],["Yahya Ozel","Estexper Clinic Istanbul, Turkey","Gastroectomy In practice since 1995","Ask about treatment"],["Samet Yardimci","Professor Dr. Samet Yardımcı Clinic Istanbul, Turkey","Small intestine resection; Whipple surgery; Liver resection; Gastroectomy; Pancreatic cancer surgery In practice since 2003","Ask about treatment"],["Mehmet Guler","Medical Park Antalya Hospital Complex Antalya, Turkey","Esophagectomy; Small intestine resection; Gastroectomy In practice since 1992","Ask about treatment"],["Aziz Kemal Emek","Medical Park Antalya Hospital Complex Antalya, Turkey","Esophagectomy; Small intestine resection; Gastroectomy In practice since 1990","Ask about treatment"],["Sedat Karademir","Anadolu Medical Center Istanbul, Turkey","Whipple surgery; Gastroectomy; Pancreatic cancer surgery In practice since 1988","Ask about treatment"]],[["Specialist","Clinic","Operations and experience","Ask about treatment"],["Viola Fox","Medical Center in Solingen Solingen, Germany","Mastectomy; Thyroid resection; Removal of liver cancer; Removal of colon cancer; Prostatectomy; Melanoma surgery; Stomach cancer surgery; Da Vinci Robotic System; Esophagectomy; Small intestine resection; Robotic da Vinci prostatectomy; Breast cancer surgery; Hysterectomy (uterus removal); Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy (HIPEC); Whipple surgery; Hysterectomy with DaVinci robot; Lung cancer surgery; Colectomy (large bowel resection); Liver resection; Removal of meningioma; Rectal resection; Removal of testicle tumor; Throat cancer operation; Tongue cancer surgery; Gastroectomy; Pancreatic cancer surgery; Bladder removal with reconstruction; Laparoscopic Hysterectomy In practice since 2012","Ask about treatment"],["Peter Schenker","Medical Center in Solingen Solingen, Germany","Esophagectomy; Small intestine resection; Lumpectomy; Whipple surgery; Mohs microsurgery; Lung cancer surgery; Colectomy (large bowel resection); Liver resection; Rectal resection; Gastroectomy; Pancreatic cancer surgery In practice since 2007","Ask about treatment"],["Wolfgang Schröder","Helios Gesundheit Wuppertal, Germany","Removal of liver cancer; Removal of colon cancer; Nephrectomy; Stomach cancer surgery; Da Vinci Robotic System; Esophagectomy; Small intestine resection; Breast cancer surgery; Lumpectomy; Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy (HIPEC); Whipple surgery; Mohs microsurgery; Lung cancer surgery; Colectomy (large bowel resection); Liver resection; Rectal resection; Throat cancer operation; Gastroectomy; Pancreatic cancer surgery In practice since 2001","Ask about treatment"],["Florian Gebauer Chief Of General And Visceral Surgery","Helios Gesundheit Wuppertal, Germany","Small intestine resection; Whipple surgery; Colectomy (large bowel resection); Liver resection; Rectal resection; Gastroectomy; Pancreatic cancer surgery In practice since 2008","Ask about treatment"],["Lars Bönicke","Helios Gesundheit Wuppertal, Germany","Removal of liver cancer; Removal of colon cancer; Stomach cancer surgery; Da Vinci Robotic System; Esophagectomy; Small intestine resection; Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy (HIPEC); Whipple surgery; Orchiectomy; Colectomy (large bowel resection); Liver resection; Rectal resection In practice since 2011","Ask about treatment"],["Boris Pfaffenbach","Medical Center in Solingen Solingen, Germany","Esophagectomy In practice since 1992","Ask about treatment"]],[["Specialist","Clinic","Operations and experience","Ask about treatment"],["Xavier Centeno Fornies","Centro Médico Teknon Barcelona, Spain","Nephrectomy; Small intestine resection; Hysterectomy (uterus removal); Lumpectomy; Whipple surgery; Bladder removal; Colectomy (large bowel resection); Liver resection; Rectal resection; Removal of testicle tumor; Throat cancer operation; Gastroectomy; Pancreatic cancer surgery; Bladder removal with reconstruction In practice since 1994","Ask about treatment"],["Cesar Canales Bedoya","Hospital Ruber Internacional Madrid, Spain","Nephrectomy; Small intestine resection; Lumpectomy; Bladder removal; Colectomy (large bowel resection); Liver resection; Rectal resection; Gastroectomy In practice since 1950","Ask about treatment"],["Carlos Garcia Vasquez","Digestive Surgery and Gastroenterology Specialist Centro PAD Madrid, Spain","Removal of liver cancer; Removal of colon cancer; Stomach cancer surgery; Da Vinci Robotic System; Small intestine resection; Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy (HIPEC); Colectomy (large bowel resection); Liver resection; Rectal resection; Gastroectomy In practice since 2006","Ask about treatment"]],[["Specialist","Clinic","Operations and experience","Ask about treatment"],["Enrique Pliego Esquivel","Dr. Enrique Pliego Private Practice Cancún, Mexico","Mastectomy; Small intestine resection; Hysterectomy (uterus removal); Gastroectomy In practice since 2016","Ask about treatment"]],[["Specialist","Clinic","Operations and experience","Ask about treatment"],["Riccardo Rosati","San Raffaele Milan, Italy","Stomach cancer surgery; Small intestine resection; Colectomy (large bowel resection); Rectal resection; Pancreatic cancer surgery In practice since 1985","Ask about treatment"]],[["Specialist","Clinic","Operations and experience","Ask about treatment"],["Martin Schindl","Wiener Privatklinik (WPK) Vienna, Austria","Esophagectomy; Small intestine resection; Pancreatic cancer surgery In practice since 1994","Ask about treatment"],["Sebastian F Schoppmann","Wiener Privatklinik (WPK) Vienna, Austria","Esophagectomy; Gastroectomy In practice since 2001","Ask about treatment"]],[["Specialist","Clinic","Operations and experience","Ask about treatment"],["Premkamol Patraithikul","YOUNIFY Clinic Bangkok, Thailand","Esophagectomy; Small intestine resection; Gastroectomy In practice since 2020","Ask about treatment"]]]},{"id":"programmes","title":"Programmes and prices","text":"Programmes and prices Medical Center in Solingen · 1 entries Anadolu Medical Center · 1 entries Centro Médico Teknon · 1 entries Central Hospital · 1 entries Sheba Medical Center · 1 entries Memorial Göztepe Hospital · 4 entries Memorial Şişli Hospital · 4 entries Memorial Bahçelievler Hospital · 4 entries Memorial Ataşehir Hospital · 4 entries Sources (21) Stomach cancer Total gastrectomy Pressurized Intraperitoneal Aerosol Chemotherapy (Minimally Invasive) PIPAC Sleeve Gastrectomy ESOPHAGEAL CANCER- SURGERY Esophagogastrostomy with Functional Reconstruction at Sheba Hospital- Top-10 Hospitals 2026 by Newsweek Total Laparoscopic Gastrectomy Subtotal Laparoscopic Gastrectomy Total Gastrectomy (for benign disease or malignant cases with D1 lymph node dissection) Radical Total Gastrectomy (Including Splenectomy and Minimum D2 Lymph Node Dissection) Total Laparoscopic Gastrectomy Subtotal Laparoscopic Gastrectomy Total Gastrectomy (for benign disease or malignant cases with D1 lymph node dissection) Radical Total Gastrectomy (Including Splenectomy and Minimum D2 Lymph Node Dissection) Total Laparoscopic Gastrectomy Subtotal Laparoscopic Gastrectomy Total Gastrectomy (for benign disease or malignant cases with D1 lymph node dissection) Radical Total Gastrectomy (Including Splenectomy and Minimum D2 Lymph Node Dissection) Total Laparoscopic Gastrectomy Subtotal Laparoscopic Gastrectomy 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Price; Public programme price: Amount: 2915.58; Currency: USD; How the programme is displayed: The price shown on the public programme page is used. Read the public programme source","Ask about treatment"]],[["Public programme","Clinic","Recorded price","Programme details","Request a quote"],["Total gastrectomy","Anadolu Medical Center","USD 3150 Bookimed offer , Oct 2026","What the programme includes Total gastrectomy Included: Gastroectomy Included: Transfer airport-clinic-airport Excluded: Airfare Excluded: Hotel Excluded: Additional activities not included Excluded: Accommodation is not included Read the public programme source","Ask about treatment"]],[["Public programme","Clinic","Recorded price","Programme details","Request a quote"],["Pressurized Intraperitoneal Aerosol Chemotherapy (Minimally Invasive) PIPAC","Centro Médico Teknon","USD 22427.56 Bookimed offer , Oct 2026","What the programme includes Pressurized Intraperitoneal Aerosol Chemotherapy (Minimally Invasive) PIPAC Included: Removal of colon cancer Included: Stomach cancer surgery Included: Pancreatic cancer surgery Excluded: Airfare Excluded: Additional activities not included Stay: 2 days in the hospital Stay: 7 days in the hotel Source differences Catalogue price: Amount: 20000.0; Currency: EUR; Subject: Price; Public programme price: Amount: 22427.56; Currency: USD; How the programme is displayed: The price shown on the public programme page is used. 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Subject: Stay; How the programme is displayed: Stay lengths use the units in the Duration section; nights in the page title are not converted to days.; Page title: Gastric sleeve surgery (Sleeve gastrectomy) in Turkey: Price & -1-Night All-Inclusive Package Read the public programme source","Ask about treatment"]],[["Public programme","Clinic","Recorded price","Programme details","Request a quote"],["ESOPHAGEAL CANCER- SURGERY Esophagogastrostomy with Functional Reconstruction at Sheba Hospital- Top-10 Hospitals 2026 by Newsweek","Sheba Medical Center","USD 39500 Bookimed offer , Oct 2026","What the programme includes ESOPHAGEAL CANCER- SURGERY Esophagogastrostomy with Functional Reconstruction at Sheba Hospital- Top-10 Hospitals 2026 by Newsweek Included: PET/CT Included: Consultation with an oncologist Included: Gastroscopy Included: ECG Included: Biopsy Included: Extended analysis of blood Included: Complex oncology diagnostic Included: Histopathology revision Included: Complex diagnostics of esophageal cancer Included: Esophagectomy Included: Chemotherapy for esophageal carcinoma Included: Post-operative care Included: Electrocardiogram (ECG) Included: Preoperative tests Included: Post-op medications Included: Chest X-ray Included: Echocardiography Included: MRI of one area Included: Consultation with a surgeon Excluded: Airfare Excluded: Hotel Excluded: Additional activities not included Excluded: Accommodation is not included Excluded: Transfer is not included Stay: 7 days in the hospital Stay: 25 days in the hotel Source differences Subject: Stay; How the programme is displayed: Stay lengths use the units in the Duration section; nights in the page title are not converted to days.; Page title: Chemotherapy for esophageal carcinoma in Israel: Price & 25-Night All-Inclusive Package Read the public programme source","Ask about treatment"]],[["Public programme","Clinic","Recorded price","Programme details","Request a quote"],["Total Laparoscopic Gastrectomy","Memorial Göztepe Hospital","USD 23300 Bookimed offer , Oct 2026","What the programme includes Total Laparoscopic Gastrectomy Included: Gastroectomy Included: Transfer airport-hotel-clinic-airport Excluded: Airfare Excluded: Hotel Excluded: Additional activities not included Excluded: Accommodation is not included Stay: 5 days in the hospital Read the public programme source","Ask about treatment"],["Subtotal Laparoscopic Gastrectomy","Memorial Göztepe Hospital","USD 23300 Bookimed offer , Oct 2026","What the programme includes Subtotal Laparoscopic Gastrectomy Included: Gastroectomy Included: Transfer airport-hotel-clinic-airport Excluded: Airfare Excluded: Hotel Excluded: Additional activities not included Excluded: Accommodation is not included Stay: 5 days in the hospital Read the public programme source","Ask about treatment"],["Total Gastrectomy (for benign disease or malignant cases with D1 lymph node dissection)","Memorial Göztepe Hospital","USD 25980 Bookimed offer , Oct 2026","What the programme includes Total Gastrectomy (for benign disease or malignant cases with D1 lymph node dissection) Included: Gastroectomy Included: Transfer airport-hotel-clinic-airport Excluded: Airfare Excluded: Hotel Excluded: Additional activities not included Excluded: Accommodation is not included Stay: 5 days in the hospital Read the public programme source","Ask about treatment"],["Radical Total Gastrectomy (Including Splenectomy and Minimum D2 Lymph Node Dissection)","Memorial Göztepe Hospital","USD 27780 Bookimed offer , Oct 2026","What the programme includes Radical Total Gastrectomy (Including Splenectomy and Minimum D2 Lymph Node Dissection) Included: Stomach cancer surgery Included: Transfer airport-hotel-clinic-airport Excluded: Airfare Excluded: Hotel Excluded: Additional activities not included Excluded: Accommodation is not included Stay: 4 days in the hospital Read the public programme source","Ask about treatment"]],[["Public programme","Clinic","Recorded price","Programme details","Request a quote"],["Total Laparoscopic Gastrectomy","Memorial Şişli Hospital","USD 23300 Bookimed offer , Oct 2026","What the programme includes Total Laparoscopic Gastrectomy Included: Gastroectomy Included: Transfer airport-hotel-clinic-airport Excluded: Airfare Excluded: Hotel Excluded: Additional activities not included Excluded: Accommodation is not included Stay: 5 days in the hospital Read the public programme source","Ask about treatment"],["Subtotal Laparoscopic Gastrectomy","Memorial Şişli Hospital","USD 23300 Bookimed offer , Oct 2026","What the programme includes Subtotal Laparoscopic Gastrectomy Included: Gastroectomy Included: Transfer airport-hotel-clinic-airport Excluded: Airfare Excluded: Hotel Excluded: Additional activities not included Excluded: Accommodation is not included Stay: 5 days in the hospital Read the public programme source","Ask about treatment"],["Total Gastrectomy (for benign disease or malignant cases with D1 lymph node dissection)","Memorial Şişli Hospital","USD 25980 Bookimed offer , Oct 2026","What the programme includes Total Gastrectomy (for benign disease or malignant cases with D1 lymph node dissection) Included: Gastroectomy Included: Transfer airport-hotel-clinic-airport Excluded: Airfare Excluded: Hotel Excluded: Additional activities not included Excluded: Accommodation is not included Stay: 5 days in the hospital Read the public programme source","Ask about treatment"],["Radical Total Gastrectomy (Including Splenectomy and Minimum D2 Lymph Node Dissection)","Memorial Şişli Hospital","USD 27780 Bookimed offer , Oct 2026","What the programme includes Radical Total Gastrectomy (Including Splenectomy and Minimum D2 Lymph Node Dissection) Included: Stomach cancer surgery Included: Transfer airport-hotel-clinic-airport Excluded: Airfare Excluded: Hotel Excluded: Additional activities not included Excluded: Accommodation is not included Stay: 4 days in the hospital Read the public programme source","Ask about treatment"]],[["Public programme","Clinic","Recorded price","Programme details","Request a quote"],["Total Laparoscopic Gastrectomy","Memorial Bahçelievler Hospital","USD 23300 Bookimed offer , Oct 2026","What the programme includes Total Laparoscopic Gastrectomy Included: Gastroectomy Included: Transfer airport-hotel-clinic-airport Excluded: Airfare Excluded: Hotel Excluded: Additional activities not included Excluded: Accommodation is not included Stay: 5 days in the hospital Read the public programme source","Ask about treatment"],["Subtotal Laparoscopic Gastrectomy","Memorial Bahçelievler Hospital","USD 23300 Bookimed offer , Oct 2026","What the programme includes Subtotal Laparoscopic Gastrectomy Included: Gastroectomy Included: Transfer airport-hotel-clinic-airport Excluded: Airfare Excluded: Hotel Excluded: Additional activities not included Excluded: Accommodation is not included Stay: 5 days in the hospital Read the public programme source","Ask about treatment"],["Total Gastrectomy (for benign disease or malignant cases with D1 lymph node dissection)","Memorial Bahçelievler Hospital","USD 25980 Bookimed offer , Oct 2026","What the programme includes Total Gastrectomy (for benign disease or malignant cases with D1 lymph node dissection) Included: Gastroectomy Included: Transfer airport-hotel-clinic-airport Excluded: Airfare Excluded: Hotel Excluded: Additional activities not included Excluded: Accommodation is not included Stay: 5 days in the hospital Read the public programme source","Ask about treatment"],["Radical Total Gastrectomy (Including Splenectomy and Minimum D2 Lymph Node Dissection)","Memorial Bahçelievler Hospital","USD 27780 Bookimed offer , Oct 2026","What the programme includes Radical Total Gastrectomy (Including Splenectomy and Minimum D2 Lymph Node Dissection) Included: Stomach cancer surgery Included: Transfer airport-hotel-clinic-airport Excluded: Airfare Excluded: Hotel Excluded: Additional activities not included Excluded: Accommodation is not included Stay: 4 days in the hospital Read the public programme source","Ask about treatment"]],[["Public programme","Clinic","Recorded price","Programme details","Request a quote"],["Total Laparoscopic Gastrectomy","Memorial Ataşehir Hospital","USD 23300 Bookimed offer , Oct 2026","What the programme includes Total Laparoscopic Gastrectomy Included: Gastroectomy Included: Transfer airport-hotel-clinic-airport Excluded: Airfare Excluded: Hotel Excluded: Additional activities not included Excluded: Accommodation is not included Stay: 5 days in the hospital Read the public programme source","Ask about treatment"],["Subtotal Laparoscopic Gastrectomy","Memorial Ataşehir Hospital","USD 23300 Bookimed offer , Oct 2026","What the programme includes Subtotal Laparoscopic Gastrectomy Included: Gastroectomy Included: Transfer airport-hotel-clinic-airport Excluded: Airfare Excluded: Hotel Excluded: Additional activities not included Excluded: Accommodation is not included Stay: 5 days in the hospital Read the public programme source","Ask about treatment"],["Total Gastrectomy (for benign disease or malignant cases with D1 lymph node dissection)","Memorial Ataşehir Hospital","USD 25980 Bookimed offer , Oct 2026","What the programme includes Total Gastrectomy (for benign disease or malignant cases with D1 lymph node dissection) Included: Gastroectomy Included: Transfer airport-hotel-clinic-airport Excluded: Airfare Excluded: Hotel Excluded: Additional activities not included Excluded: Accommodation is not included Stay: 5 days in the hospital Read the public programme source","Ask about treatment"],["Radical Total Gastrectomy (Including Splenectomy and Minimum D2 Lymph Node Dissection)","Memorial Ataşehir Hospital","USD 27780 Bookimed offer , Oct 2026","What the programme includes Radical Total Gastrectomy (Including Splenectomy and Minimum D2 Lymph Node Dissection) Included: Stomach cancer surgery Included: Transfer airport-hotel-clinic-airport Excluded: Airfare Excluded: Hotel Excluded: Additional activities not included Excluded: Accommodation is not included Stay: 4 days in the hospital Read the public programme source","Ask about treatment"]]]},{"id":"research","title":"References and further reading","text":"References and further reading Stomach_esophagus surgery surgeons Impact of Cytoreductive Surgery with Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy in the Treatment of Gastric Cancer with Peritoneal Carcinomatosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Prognostic impact of cytoreductive surgery (CRS) with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) in gastric cancer patients: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Long-term outcomes of additional surgical versus nonsurgical treatment after non-curative endoscopic resection for T1 superficial esophageal cancer. Updated evaluation of additional surgery versus non-gastrectomy treatment for early gastric cancer after noncurative endoscopic resection: a meta-analysis. Endoscopic resection versus esophagectomy for T1bN0M0 esophageal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Prognostic impact of recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy after esophagectomy: a systematic review and reconstructed individual patient data meta-analysis. Efficacy and safety of intraperitoneal paclitaxel-based regimens in patients with gastric cancer and peritoneal metastasis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Proximal vs. total gastrectomy for proximal advanced gastric cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of propensity score-matched studies. The value of robot-assisted gastrectomy in the treatment of gastric cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The survival and peritoneal metastasis of hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy in advanced gastric cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Exploring the Efficacy of Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Perfusion Chemotherapy in Gastric Cancer: Meta-analysis Based on Randomized Controlled Trials. Laparoscopic gastrectomy versus open gastrectomy for gastric cancer in patients among octogenarians: a meta-analysis. Robotic vs. laparoscopic gastrectomy for patients with locally advanced gastric cancer: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials and propensity-score-matched studies. Robotic versus laparoscopic gastrectomy for gastric cancer: a GRADE-assessed systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials on operative metrics, lymphadenectomy, and postoperative complications. Comparing ICG-Guided vs. Conventional Laparoscopic Lymphadenectomy in Gastric Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Comparison of a submucosal and subserosal approach in ICG-guided laparoscopic lymphadenectomy in gastric cancer patients: long-term outcomes of a phase 3 randomized clinical trial. Long-term oncological outcomes of indocyanine green fluorescence imaging-guided laparoscopic lymphadenectomy for gastric cancer: 5-year outcomes from the FUGES-012 randomized clinical trial. Long-term survival outcomes of laparoscopic total gastrectomy vs open total gastrectomy in patients with clinical stage I gastric cancer the CLASS02 randomized clinical trial. Morbidity and Mortality of Laparoscopic vs Open Total Gastrectomy for Clinical Stage I Gastric Cancer: The CLASS02 Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial. Laparoscopic versus open total gastrectomy for gastric cancer: A four-year single-center cohort with propensity score matching and risk factor analysis. Indocyanine green-guided lymphadenectomy in gastric cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Short-term outcomes of robot-assisted versus conventional minimally invasive esophagectomy for esophageal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 18,187 patients. Minimally invasive vs open vs hybrid esophagectomy for esophageal cancer: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Minimally invasive versus open esophagectomy after neoadjuvant therapy for esophageal cancer: a meta-analysis. Perioperative Outcomes in Open Versus Minimally Invasive Gastrectomy For Gastric Cancer: A European Multicenter Study Based on the GASTRODATA Registry. Incidence and clinical relevance of postoperative diarrhea after minimally invasive gastrectomy for gastric cancer: a single institution retrospective study of 1476 patients. Three-year survival and distribution of lymph node metastases in gastric cancer following neoadjuvant chemotherapy: results from a European randomized clinical trial. Open versus minimally invasive total gastrectomy after neoadjuvant chemotherapy: results of a European randomized trial. Five-Year Survival Outcomes of Hybrid Minimally Invasive Esophagectomy in Esophageal Cancer: Results of the MIRO Randomized Clinical Trial. Robot-assisted minimally invasive thoracolaparoscopic esophagectomy versus open esophagectomy: long-term follow-up of a randomized clinical trial. Oncologic and perioperative outcomes of laparoscopic versus open gastrectomy for T4a gastric cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Laparoscopic Versus Open Gastrectomy for Advanced Gastric Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. The efficacy of non-complete omentectomy in the radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Short- and long-term outcomes of single-port versus multiport laparoscopic radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer: a meta-analysis of propensity score-matched studies and randomized controlled trials. Efficacy of indocyanine green fluorescence imaging-guided lymphadenectomy in radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Long-term outcomes of robotic gastrectomy for clinical stage I gastric cancer: a single-center prospective phase II study. A comparison of postoperative outcomes between robotic-assisted and laparoscopic-assisted total gastrectomy: a comprehensive meta-analysis and systematic review. Operative safety and oncologic outcomes of robotic and laparoscopic total gastrectomy for advanced middle-upper gastric cancer: a multicenter retrospective study. Uncut Roux-en-Y reconstruction after distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer. Can proximal gastrectomy with double-tract reconstruction replace total gastrectomy? a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials and propensity score-matched studies. Proximal vs. total gastrectomy for proximal advanced gastric cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of propensity score-matched studies.","links":[{"label":"Stomach_esophagus surgery surgeons","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/oncologic-surgery/surgeons-organ-stomach-esophagus/"},{"label":"Impact of Cytoreductive Surgery with Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy in the Treatment of Gastric Cancer with Peritoneal Carcinomatosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35930109/"},{"label":"Prognostic impact of cytoreductive surgery (CRS) with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) in gastric cancer patients: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34001385/"},{"label":"Long-term outcomes of additional surgical versus nonsurgical treatment after non-curative endoscopic resection for T1 superficial esophageal cancer.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40968731/"},{"label":"Updated evaluation of additional surgery versus non-gastrectomy treatment for early gastric cancer after noncurative endoscopic resection: a meta-analysis.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41644645/"},{"label":"Endoscopic resection versus esophagectomy for T1bN0M0 esophageal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42580677/"},{"label":"Prognostic impact of recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy after esophagectomy: a systematic review and reconstructed individual patient data meta-analysis.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42583246/"},{"label":"Efficacy and safety of intraperitoneal paclitaxel-based regimens in patients with gastric cancer and peritoneal metastasis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41314091/"},{"label":"Proximal vs. total gastrectomy for proximal advanced gastric cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of propensity score-matched studies.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42311258/"},{"label":"The value of robot-assisted gastrectomy in the treatment of gastric cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42344571/"},{"label":"The survival and peritoneal metastasis of hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy in advanced gastric cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41731881/"},{"label":"Exploring the Efficacy of Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Perfusion Chemotherapy in Gastric Cancer: Meta-analysis Based on Randomized Controlled Trials.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39373926/"},{"label":"Laparoscopic gastrectomy versus open gastrectomy for gastric cancer in patients among octogenarians: a meta-analysis.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39048778/"},{"label":"Robotic vs. laparoscopic gastrectomy for patients with locally advanced gastric cancer: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials and propensity-score-matched studies.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39728513/"},{"label":"Robotic versus laparoscopic gastrectomy for gastric cancer: a GRADE-assessed systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials on operative metrics, lymphadenectomy, and postoperative complications.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41023463/"},{"label":"Comparing ICG-Guided vs. Conventional Laparoscopic Lymphadenectomy in Gastric Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41085854/"},{"label":"Comparison of a submucosal and subserosal approach in ICG-guided laparoscopic lymphadenectomy in gastric cancer patients: long-term outcomes of a phase 3 randomized clinical trial.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39903562/"},{"label":"Long-term oncological outcomes of indocyanine green fluorescence imaging-guided laparoscopic lymphadenectomy for gastric cancer: 5-year outcomes from the FUGES-012 randomized clinical trial.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40859341/"},{"label":"Long-term survival outcomes of laparoscopic total gastrectomy vs open total gastrectomy in patients with clinical stage I gastric cancer the CLASS02 randomized clinical trial.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41556169/"},{"label":"Morbidity and Mortality of Laparoscopic vs Open Total Gastrectomy for Clinical Stage I Gastric Cancer: The CLASS02 Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32815991/"},{"label":"Laparoscopic versus open total gastrectomy for gastric cancer: A four-year single-center cohort with propensity score matching and risk factor analysis.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42664835/"},{"label":"Indocyanine green-guided lymphadenectomy in gastric cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41092717/"},{"label":"Short-term outcomes of robot-assisted versus conventional minimally invasive esophagectomy for esophageal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 18,187 patients.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38492067/"},{"label":"Minimally invasive vs open vs hybrid esophagectomy for esophageal cancer: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39387393/"},{"label":"Minimally invasive versus open esophagectomy after neoadjuvant therapy for esophageal cancer: a meta-analysis.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36945008/"},{"label":"Perioperative Outcomes in Open Versus Minimally Invasive Gastrectomy For Gastric Cancer: A European Multicenter Study Based on the GASTRODATA Registry.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40704697/"},{"label":"Incidence and clinical relevance of postoperative diarrhea after minimally invasive gastrectomy for gastric cancer: a single institution retrospective study of 1476 patients.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37725176/"},{"label":"Three-year survival and distribution of lymph node metastases in gastric cancer following neoadjuvant chemotherapy: results from a European randomized clinical trial.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37468751/"},{"label":"Open versus minimally invasive total gastrectomy after neoadjuvant chemotherapy: results of a European randomized trial.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32737637/"},{"label":"Five-Year Survival Outcomes of Hybrid Minimally Invasive Esophagectomy in Esophageal Cancer: Results of the MIRO Randomized Clinical Trial.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33595631/"},{"label":"Robot-assisted minimally invasive thoracolaparoscopic esophagectomy versus open esophagectomy: long-term follow-up of a randomized clinical trial.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33241302/"},{"label":"Oncologic and perioperative outcomes of laparoscopic versus open gastrectomy for T4a gastric cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42800234/"},{"label":"Laparoscopic Versus Open Gastrectomy for Advanced Gastric Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38564116/"},{"label":"The efficacy of non-complete omentectomy in the radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer: a meta-analysis and systematic review.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40459591/"},{"label":"Short- and long-term outcomes of single-port versus multiport laparoscopic radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer: a meta-analysis of propensity score-matched studies and randomized controlled trials.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37559035/"},{"label":"Efficacy of indocyanine green fluorescence imaging-guided lymphadenectomy in radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer: A systematic review and 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score-matched studies.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39044132/"},{"label":"Proximal vs. total gastrectomy for proximal advanced gastric cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of propensity score-matched studies.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41079072/"}]},{"id":"request","title":"Request a treatment proposal","text":"Request a treatment proposal Share your diagnosis and reports through the Bookimed request form.","links":[]},{"id":"request-form","title":"Ask about treatment","text":"Ask about treatment What would you like help with? Answer a few questions on Bookimed, then add your contact details to request help. Privacy policy Open the Bookimed request form","links":[{"label":"Privacy policy","url":"https://us-uk.bookimed.com/page/privacy-policy/"}]}],"introduction":"Oncologic surgery guide / stomach_esophagus Decision guide stomach_esophagus Stomach cancer surgery differs in how much of the stomach is removed and how the digestive tract is reconnected. 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