{"schema_version":"bookimed.page-context.v1","id":"organ-kidney-bladder","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/oncologic-surgery/organ-kidney-bladder/","json_url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/oncologic-surgery/organ-kidney-bladder/#page-context","content_revision":"prepared-registry-v2","date_modified":"2026-10-21","language":"en","kind":"guide","title":"kidney_bladder","summary":"For kidney cancer, partial nephrectomy preserves part of the kidney, whereas radical nephrectomy removes the whole kidney. The choice is not simply between a smaller and a larger operation: the cancer being treated matters. For bladder cancer, radical cystectomy removes the bladder, with urinary reconstruction providing a new route for urine. Choosing a neobladder reconstruction involves balancing cancer safety, physical function, kidney function and your preferences. A 2026 expert consensus recommends making this decision individually.\n\nThe team's experience also matters. A 2020 review of 39 retrospective studies involving 549,542 bladder cancer patients linked higher hospital cystectomy volumes with better outcomes, including deaths during admission and within 30 and 90 days. The guideline panel recommended hospitals perform at least 10 radical cystectomies a year, preferably more than 20, or refer patients to a centre that does. This association came from studies with moderate to high risk of bias, while evidence about individual surgeons' annual case numbers was limited and conflicting.","research_credit":{"name":"Yevhenii Kozlov","role":"Co-Founder of Bookimed","url":"https://us-uk.bookimed.com/ceo/kozlov/","contribution":"Research project led","assistance":"For me, helping patients find the best medical care is a personal responsibility. This guide is built by a process we designed to do the hard part — reading the research, comparing surgeons and clinics, checking real offers — and to make the result simple and clear for every patient. AI tools do much of the work; every fact links to its source."},"editorial_scope":"Source-linked research and public provider information. Individual treatment requires clinical assessment.","research_method":"How this guide is researched and compared Research project led by Yevhenii Kozlov .","sections":[{"id":"narrative-mechanism_and_choices","title":"How surgery works and how approaches differ","text":"How surgery works and how approaches differ For kidney cancer, partial nephrectomy preserves part of the kidney, whereas radical nephrectomy removes the whole kidney. The choice is not simply between a smaller and a larger operation: the cancer being treated matters. For bladder cancer, radical cystectomy removes the bladder, with urinary reconstruction providing a new route for urine. Choosing a neobladder reconstruction involves balancing cancer safety, physical function, kidney function and your preferences. A 2026 expert consensus recommends making this decision individually. The team's experience also matters. A 2020 review of 39 retrospective studies involving 549,542 bladder cancer patients linked higher hospital cystectomy volumes with better outcomes, including deaths during admission and within 30 and 90 days. The guideline panel recommended hospitals perform at least 10 radical cystectomies a year, preferably more than 20, or refer patients to a centre that does. This association came from studies with moderate to high risk of bias, while evidence about individual surgeons' annual case numbers was limited and conflicting. Sources (3) Comparative efficacy of nephron-sparing surgery versus total nephrectomy on operative and prognostic results in pT2 kidney tumors: a meta-analysis. Robot-Assisted Radical Cystectomy: Recommendations from Latin American Experts Consensus on Surgical Strategy, Urinary Reconstruction, and Oncological and Func-tional Outcomes. The Importance of Hospital and Surgeon Volume as Major Determinants of Morbidity and Mortality After Radical Cystectomy for Bladder Cancer: A Systematic Review and Recommendations by the European Association of Urology Muscle-invasive and Metastatic Bladder Cancer Guideline Panel.","links":[{"label":"Comparative efficacy of nephron-sparing surgery versus total nephrectomy on operative and prognostic results in pT2 kidney tumors: a meta-analysis.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41735625/"},{"label":"Robot-Assisted Radical Cystectomy: Recommendations from Latin American Experts Consensus on Surgical Strategy, Urinary Reconstruction, and Oncological and Func-tional Outcomes.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42462153/"},{"label":"The Importance of Hospital and Surgeon Volume as Major Determinants of Morbidity and Mortality After Radical Cystectomy for Bladder Cancer: A Systematic Review and Recommendations by the European Association of Urology Muscle-invasive and Metastatic Bladder Cancer Guideline Panel.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31866215/"}]},{"id":"methods-evidence","title":"Methods and what the numbers show","text":"Methods and what the numbers show Methods at Bookimed clinics Other methods with evidence","links":[{"label":"Surgeons","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/oncologic-surgery/surgeons-organ-kidney-bladder/"},{"label":"Clinics","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/oncologic-surgery/clinics-organ-kidney-bladder/"},{"label":"Programme at Sheba Medical Center","url":"https://us-uk.bookimed.com/offer-procedure/69e548c05900bfd38c0b0442/"}],"tables":[[["Method","What it is","What the numbers show"],["Removal of the bladder","Removal of the bladder. Surgeons · Clinics · Programme at Sheba Medical Center","RARC and ORC demonstrated equivalent 90-day overall complications (RR 0.95, 95% CI 0.83–1.07; moderate certainty) and major complications (RR 1.03, 95% CI 0.74–1.44; low certainty) with negligible heterogeneity. 90-day; Robot-assisted versus open radical cystectomy with extracorporeal urinary diversion for bladder cancer: a GRADE-assessed systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials with subgroup analyses by orthotopic neobladder utilisation. — RESULTS: Five randomized trials (541 patients: 271 RARC and 270 ORC) met the inclusion criteria. [4] The positive surgical margin rates were similar (RR 1.09, 95% CI 0.54–2.21; low-certainty). Assessment: surgical specimen margins on tissue examination; Robot-assisted versus open radical cystectomy with extracorporeal urinary diversion for bladder cancer: a GRADE-assessed systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials with subgroup analyses by orthotopic neobladder utilisation. — RESULTS: Five randomized trials (541 patients: 271 RARC and 270 ORC) met the inclusion criteria. [4] Analysis of crude data showed that risk of major complications (OR: 1.09 95% CI: 0.60, 1.98 I2 = 84%), all complications (OR: 1.77 95% CI: 0.63, 4.95 I2 = 0%), short-term mortality (<1 year) (OR: 2.23 95% CI: 0.63, 7.84 I2 = 57%), long-term mortality (>1 year) (OR: 1.81 95% CI: 0.87, 3.80 I2 = 71%), and readmission rates (OR: 1.55 95% CI: 0.51, 4.65 I2 = 0%) did not differ significantly between frail and non-frail patients. 1 year; Bladder cancer predominantly affects older adults, with approximately 70% of cases occurring in individuals aged ≥65 years, placing a substantial proportion of patients at increased risk of frailty and age-related comorbidities. [5]"]],[["Method","What it is","What the numbers show"],["Freezing tumour tissue (cryoablation)","Freezing tumour tissue (cryoablation).","Compared to RAPN (Robot-Assisted Partial Nephrectomy), the CA (Cryoablation) group had a shorter hospital stay [MD -1.76 days; 95% CI -3.12 to -0.41; p = 0.01], less blood loss [MD -104.60 ml; 95% CI -152.58 to -56.62; p < 0.0001], and fewer overall complications [OR 0.62; 95% CI 0.45 to 0.86; p = 0.004], but a higher recurrence rate [OR 7.83; 95% CI 4.32 to 14.19; p < 0.00001]. 1.76 days; Comparative efficacy of cryoablation versus robot-assisted partial nephrectomy in the treatment of cT1 renal tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. — This study included a total of 10 studies comprising 2,011 patients. [2] The overall adverse events rate was 9.8% (16/163). Study follow-up: Mean follow-up time was 64.2 ± 30.2 months (range, 7-127 months).; The patients were treated by LCA or PCA according to individual situation. [3] Local recurrence was observed in 13 patients (8.0%), 4 (6.8%) cases of LCA and 9 (8.7%) cases of PCA. Study follow-up: Mean follow-up time was 64.2 ± 30.2 months (range, 7-127 months).; The patients were treated by LCA or PCA according to individual situation. [3]"],["Kidney removal to reduce the amount of cancer","Kidney removal to reduce the amount of cancer.","Deferred CN was associated with superior OS in the primary analysis (hazard ratio [HR] 0.74, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.65-0.84; 5-yr life expectancy difference 5.15 mo, 95% CI 3.23-7.08), all secondary analyses, as well as the tyrosine kinase inhibitor-treated (HR 0.61, 95% CI 0.51-0.74), immune checkpoint inhibitor-treated (HR 0.67, 95% CI 0.46-0.97), and intermediate IMDC/MSKCC risk (HR 0.73, 95% CI 0.55-0.97) subgroups. 5-yr; 5.15 mo; In this report, we compared the outcomes of nephrectomy performed before (upfront) or after (deferred) starting systemic therapy for patients with metastatic kidney cancer. [6] Systemic progression before planned CN in the deferred CN arm resulted in a per-protocol recommendation against nephrectomy in 14 patients (29%; 95% CI, 18%-43%). Study follow-up: This randomized clinical trial began as a phase 3 trial on July 14, 2010, and continued until March 24, 2016, with a median follow-up of 3.3 years and a clinical cutoff date for this report of May 5, 2017.; In clinical practice, patients with primary metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) have been offered cytoreductive nephrectomy (CN) followed by targeted therapy, but the optimal sequence of surgery and systemic therapy is unknown. [7] At median follow-up of 23.5 mo, median OS was 29.0 mo (95% confidence interval [CI] 20.1-36.2) for the overall cohort (n = 287), and 49.8 mo (95% CI 33.1-not reached) for the intermediate-risk group (n = 144, 50%) versus 16.3 mo (95% CI 13.5-26.3) for the poor-risk group (n = 143, 50%; hazard ratio [HR] 0.50, 95% CI 0.35-0.71; p < 0.001). 23.5 mo; 29.0 mo; 49.8 mo; 16.3 mo; Patients with synchronous metastatic renal cell carcinoma (s-mRCC) increasingly undergo systemic therapy with their primary tumour in situ. [8]"],["Laparoscopic removal of a kidney and ureter","Laparoscopic removal of a kidney and ureter.","The estimated 5-year IVRFS (57.8 vs. 51.0%, p=0.010), CSS (80.4 vs. 76.4%, p=0.032), and OS (75.8 vs. 71.4%, p=0.026) rates were significantly different between the two groups in favor of LNU. 5-year; We compared oncologic outcomes of patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) who underwent open nephroureterectomy (ONU) or laparoscopic nephroureterectomy (LNU). [9] Moreover, in patients with locally advanced disease (pT3/pT4), the LNU group showed better 5-year IVRFS (62.9 vs. 54.1%, p=0.038), CSS (64.3 vs. 56.9%, p=0.022), and OS (60.4 vs. 53.1%, p=0.018) rates than the ONU group. 5-year; We compared oncologic outcomes of patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) who underwent open nephroureterectomy (ONU) or laparoscopic nephroureterectomy (LNU). [9]"],["Laparoscopic removal of part of a kidney","Laparoscopic removal of part of a kidney.","Relative to RAPN, LPN had a prolonged operative time (OT)(weight mean difference[WMD] = 13.03 min;95%CI:5.63,20.43;p = 0006), longer length of stay (LOS) (WMD = 0.63days;95%CI:0.38,0.88;p < 0.00001), longer warm ischemia time (WIT) (WMD = 3.84 min;95%CI:2.06,5.62;p < 0.0001), higher conversion rate to radical nephrectomy (RN) (OR = 3.14;95%CI:1.64,6.01;p = 0.0006), higher intraoperative complications rates (OR = 1.91;95%CI:1.03,3.53;p = 0.04), higher postoperative complications rates (OR = 1.29;95%CI:1.01,1.64;p = 0.04), greater postoperative decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (WMD = 2.58mL/min/1.73 m²;95%CI:1.40,3.77;p < 0.0001). 0.63days; Patients suffering through moderate-to-high complexity renal tumors (RENAL-NS ≥ 7), RAPN showed that it was more effective than LPN in lowering OT, WIT, LOS, intraoperative and postoperative complications rates, conversion rate to RN. [10] LPN exhibited a noteworthy reduction in the length of hospital stay (weighted mean difference [WMD] -2.06 days, 95% confidence interval [CI] -2.62, -1.50; p < 0.00001), blood loss (WMD -34.05mL, 95% CI -55.61, -12.48; p = 0.002), and overall complications (OR 0.38, 95% CI 0.19, 0.79; p = 0.009). 2.06 days; Perioperative, functional, and oncologic outcomes of laparoscopic partial nephrectomy versus open partial nephrectomy for complex renal tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. — This study encompassed a total of seven comparative trials, involving 934 patients. [11] Patients undergoing LPN had a significant higher rate of conversion to radical (OR=4.33; 95% CI: 2.01-9.33; P<0.001), a longer ischemia time (IT, P<0.001; WMD=3.02 min; 95% CI: 1.67 to 4.36), a longer length of stay (LOS, P<0.001; WMD=0.67 days; 95% CI: 0.35 to 0.99), a lower rate of positive surgical margin (P=0.03; OR=0.71; 95% CI: 0.53 to 0.96), a greater eGFR decline (P<0.001; WMD=2.41 mL/min/1.73 m2; 95% CI: 1.22 to 3.60), a higher rate of CKD upstaging (P<0.001; OR=2.44; 95% CI: 1.54 to 3.87). 0.67 days; Comparison of outcomes between laparoscopic and robot-assisted partial nephrectomy for complex renal tumors: RENAL score ≥7 or maximum tumor size >4 cm. — Ten observational studies including 5193 patients (LPN: 1574; RAPN: 3619) were included. [12]"],["Laparoscopic removal of the bladder and surrounding tissue","Laparoscopic removal of the bladder and surrounding tissue.","In addition, there were statistically significant lower transfusion rates (OR=-0.15, 95% CI=-0.47 to 0.17), fewer overall complication rates (OR=-0.39, 95% CI=-0.79 to 0.00), fewer minor complication rates (OR=-0.23, 95% CI=-0.48 to 0.02), fewer major complication rates (OR=-0.23, 95% CI=-0.68 to 0.21), fewer positive surgical margin rates (OR=0.22, 95% CI=-0.27 to 0.68) in RARC group compared with LRC group. Assessment: surgical specimen margins on tissue examination; These data thus showed that RARC might improve the management of patients with muscle invasive or high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. [13] The results indicated that RARC could significantly decrease blood loss (P = 0.01; MD: -82.56, 95% CI: -145.04 to -20.08), and complications 90 days or more after surgery, regardless of whether patients were Grade ≤ II (P = 0.0008; OR: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.48 to 0.82) or Grade ≥ III (P = 0.006; OR: 0.59, 95% CI: 0.40 to 0.86), as well as overall complications (P: 0.01; OR = 0.52; 95% CI: 0.32 to 0.85). 90 days; The meta-analysis demonstrates that RARC is a safe and effective treatment for bladder cancer, like LRC, and patients with RARC benefit from less blood loss and fewer long-term complications related to surgery, and should be considered a viable alternative to LRC. [14] The 5-yr RFS was 60%, 58%, and 71%; 5-yr CSS was 64%, 68%, and 69%; and 5-yr OS was 55%, 65%, and 61% for ORC, RARC, and LRC, respectively. 5-yr; A review of prospectively maintained database of 60 patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) or high-risk nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer (HRNMIBC) who were previously randomised in the CORAL trial to receive ORC, RARC, or LRC. [15]"],["Laparoscopic removal of a kidney and surrounding tissue","Laparoscopic removal of a kidney and surrounding tissue.","With a median follow-up of 36.4 months after the operation, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed no significant difference between RLRN and TLRN in overall survival (89.8% vs. 88.5%; P = 0.898), recurrence-free survival (77.9% vs. 87.7%; P = 0.180), and cancer-specific survival (91.4% vs. 98.3%; P = 0.153). 36.4 months; A total of 120 patients with localized renal cell carcinoma were randomized into either RLRN or TLRN group. [16] In clinical T2 subgroup, the recurrence rate and recurrence-free survival in the RLRN group was significantly worse than that in the TLRN group (43.2% vs. 76.7%, P = 0.046). Study follow-up: With a median follow-up of 36.4 months after the operation, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed no significant difference between RLRN and TLRN in overall survival (89.8% vs.; A total of 120 patients with localized renal cell carcinoma were randomized into either RLRN or TLRN group. [16] Univariate and multivariate COX regression analysis showed that RLRN (HR: 3.35; 95%CI: 1.12-10.03; P = 0.030), male (HR: 4.01; 95%CI: 1.07-14.99; P = 0.039) and tumor size (HR: 1.23; 95%CI: 1.01-1.51; P = 0.042) were independent risk factor for recurrence-free survival. Study follow-up: With a median follow-up of 36.4 months after the operation, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed no significant difference between RLRN and TLRN in overall survival (89.8% vs.; A total of 120 patients with localized renal cell carcinoma were randomized into either RLRN or TLRN group. [16]"],["Removal of lymph nodes","Removal of lymph nodes.","Standard PLND led to significantly higher 5-year recurrence rates (RR=1.44, 95% CI: 1.28-1.62) compared with the extended approach. 5-year; For decades, pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) has been a critical component of radical cystectomy in patients with bladder cancer. [17] At a median follow-up of 6.1 years, recurrence or death had occurred in 130 patients (45%) in the extended-lymphadenectomy group and in 127 (42%) in the standard-lymphadenectomy group, and the estimated 5-year disease-free survival was 56% and 60%, respectively (hazard ratio for recurrence or death, 1.10; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.86 to 1.40; P = 0.45). 6.1 years; 5-year; Whether extended lymphadenectomy is associated with improved disease-free and overall survival, as compared with standard lymphadenectomy, among patients with localized muscle-invasive bladder cancer undergoing radical cystectomy is unclear. [18] Overall survival at 5 years was 59% in the extended-lymphadenectomy group and 63% in the standard-lymphadenectomy group (hazard ratio for death, 1.13; 95% CI, 0.88 to 1.45). 5 years; Whether extended lymphadenectomy is associated with improved disease-free and overall survival, as compared with standard lymphadenectomy, among patients with localized muscle-invasive bladder cancer undergoing radical cystectomy is unclear. [18]"],["Destroying tumour tissue with microwave energy","Destroying tumour tissue with microwave energy.","Technical success rate was 100%. Assessment: completion of the procedure; Between December 2021 and June 2022, patients underwent high-power MWA for liver, lung, and kidney tumors. [19] The major and minor adverse event rates were 8.6% (n = 10) and 17% (n = 19), respectively. Study follow-up: Follow-up ranged between 16 and 161 weeks (median, 50 weeks; mean, 65 weeks).; The mean RENAL score for patients with recurrent and/or residual tumor (8.2 ± 2.7) was higher than that for patients without disease recurrence (6.5 ± 3.5, P = .05). [20] During the follow-up (median, 40.6 months), after propensity score matching, no difference was observed between local tumor progression (3.2% vs 0.5%, P = .10), cancer-specific survival (2.2% vs 3.8%, P = .24), and distant metastases (4.3% vs 4.3%, P = .76). 40.6 months; Percutaneous Microwave Ablation versus Laparoscopic Partial Nephrectomy for cT1a Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Propensity-matched Cohort Study of 1955 Patients. — Materials and Methods This retrospective study included 1955 patients with cT1a RCC treated with percutaneous MWA or LPN between April 2006 and November 2017. [21]"],["Minimally invasive removal of a kidney and ureter","Minimally invasive removal of a kidney and ureter.","Multivariate analysis revealed that MIS was associated with a significant reduction in 90-day mortality (OR: 0.571; 95%CI: 0.34-0.96, P = 0.033) and improved median OS (53.8 months [95%CI: 50.9-56.9] vs 42.35 months [95%CI: 38.6-46.8], P < 0.001) compared to open surgery. 90-day; 53.8 months; 42.35 months; Using the National Cancer Database (NCDB), patients aged ≥80 years who underwent open or MIS (either robotic or laparoscopic) RNU were identified from 2010 to 2019. [22]"],["Minimally invasive removal of part of a kidney","Minimally invasive removal of part of a kidney.","PCA demonstrated superior outcomes compared to MIPN in terms of shorter hospital stays (WMD: - 2.13 days; 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: - 3.29, - 0.97; p = 0.0003), reduced operative times (WMD: - 109.99 min; 95% CI: - 141.40, - 78.59; p < 0.00001), and lower overall complication rates (OR: 0.54; 95% CI: 0.40, 0.74; p = 0.0001). 2.13 days; The objective of this study was to perform a comprehensive pooled analysis aimed at comparing the efficacy and safety of percutaneous ablation (PCA) versus minimally invasive partial nephrectomy (MIPN), including robotic and laparoscopic approaches, in patients diagnosed with cT1 renal tumors. [23] MIPN outperformed OPN in terms of hospital stay [weighted mean difference (WMD) -1.84 days, 95% CI -2.35 to -1.33; P <0.00001], blood loss (WMD -52.42 ml, 95% CI -71.43 to -33.41; P <0.00001), transfusion rates [odds ratio (OR) 0.34, 95% CI 0.17-0.67; P =0.002], major complications (OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.40-0.86; P =0.007) and overall complications (OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.31-0.59; P <0.0001), while operative time, warm ischemia time, conversion to radical nephrectomy rates, estimated glomerular decline, positive surgical margins, local recurrence, overall survival, recurrence-free survival, and cancer-specific survival were not significantly different. 1.84 days; The present study aimed to conduct a pooled analysis to compare the efficacy and safety of minimally invasive partial nephrectomy (MIPN) with open partial nephrectomy (OPN) in patients with complex renal tumors (defined as PADUA or RENAL score ≥7). [24] After adjustment by the IPTW analysis, the RAPN group had a shorter operative time (143 vs. 282 min; P = 0.033), shorter postoperative length of hospital stay (PLOS) (4.1 vs. 7.9 days; P = 0.004), and less change in the estimated glomerular filtration rate during surgery (-8.4% vs. -32%; P < 0.0001) than the LRN group; however, the perioperative complication rates were similar. 7.9 days; We compared survival and perioperative outcomes of robot-assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (RAPN) and laparoscopic radical nephrectomy (LRN) for older patients (age 70 years or older) with stage 1 renal cell carcinoma (RCC). [25]"],["Removal of a kidney","Removal of a kidney.","Relative to RAPN, LPN had a prolonged operative time (OT)(weight mean difference[WMD] = 13.03 min;95%CI:5.63,20.43;p = 0006), longer length of stay (LOS) (WMD = 0.63days;95%CI:0.38,0.88;p < 0.00001), longer warm ischemia time (WIT) (WMD = 3.84 min;95%CI:2.06,5.62;p < 0.0001), higher conversion rate to radical nephrectomy (RN) (OR = 3.14;95%CI:1.64,6.01;p = 0.0006), higher intraoperative complications rates (OR = 1.91;95%CI:1.03,3.53;p = 0.04), higher postoperative complications rates (OR = 1.29;95%CI:1.01,1.64;p = 0.04), greater postoperative decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (WMD = 2.58mL/min/1.73 m²;95%CI:1.40,3.77;p < 0.0001). 0.63days; Patients suffering through moderate-to-high complexity renal tumors (RENAL-NS ≥ 7), RAPN showed that it was more effective than LPN in lowering OT, WIT, LOS, intraoperative and postoperative complications rates, conversion rate to RN. [10] A lower positive surgical margin rate was also observed with R-RNTT (OR = 0.20, 95% CI 0.07-0.58, P = 0.003). Assessment: surgical specimen margins on tissue examination; For patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) complicated by inferior vena cava (IVC) tumor thrombus, radical nephrectomy combined with thrombectomy remains a key surgical option. [26] Deferred CN was associated with superior OS in the primary analysis (hazard ratio [HR] 0.74, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.65-0.84; 5-yr life expectancy difference 5.15 mo, 95% CI 3.23-7.08), all secondary analyses, as well as the tyrosine kinase inhibitor-treated (HR 0.61, 95% CI 0.51-0.74), immune checkpoint inhibitor-treated (HR 0.67, 95% CI 0.46-0.97), and intermediate IMDC/MSKCC risk (HR 0.73, 95% CI 0.55-0.97) subgroups. 5-yr; 5.15 mo; In this report, we compared the outcomes of nephrectomy performed before (upfront) or after (deferred) starting systemic therapy for patients with metastatic kidney cancer. [6]"],["Removal of a kidney and ureter","Removal of a kidney and ureter.","DU was not associated with a significant difference in positive surgical margin compared with RNU (RR 1.24, 95% CI 0.64-2.43). Assessment: surgical specimen margins on tissue examination; The oncologic adequacy of distal ureterectomy (DU) versus radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) for nonmetastatic distal ureteral urothelial carcinoma remains debated, particularly in patients for whom renal preservation is clinically desirable. [27] Intravesical chemotherapy significantly reduced the risk of intravesical recurrence at 12 months (OR = 0.46; 95% CI: 0.33-0.65; P < 0.001;) and at 24 months (OR = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.28-0.61; P < 0.001). 12 months; 24 months; Sub-analyses were performed on randomized controlled trials and studies involving patients with no history of bladder cancer. [28] No significant difference in 5-year CSS was observed between SU and RNU (HR 1.04, [95% confidence interval 0.93. 1.15], P = .49). 5-year; Radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) remains the standard of care for patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC). [29]"],["Open removal of a kidney","Open removal of a kidney.","Of the 5104 patients, 2639 had PN (2008 MIS vs 631 OS) and 2465 had RN (1816 MIS vs 649 OS) and most were male (PN: 1657 [62.8%]; RN: 399 [63.1%]) and between 55 and 64 years of age (PN: 1034 [51.3%]; RN: 320 [55.7%]). 64 years; A total of 5104 patients aged 18 to 64 years who underwent PN or RN for kidney cancer and were continuously insured for 180 days before and 365 days after surgery were identified. [30] Patients with MIS had lower 1-year postdischarge readmission rate (PN: 15.1% vs 21.5%; odds ratio [OR], 0.65; 95% CI, 0.52-0.82; P < .001; RN: 15.6% vs 18.9%; OR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.63-1.00; P = .05), and fewer hospital outpatient visits (mean [95% CI] for PN: 4.69 [4.48-4.90] vs 5.25 [4.84-5.66]; P = .01; RN: 5.50 [5.21-5.80] vs 6.71 [6.12-7.30]; P < .001) than those with OS. 1-year; A total of 5104 patients aged 18 to 64 years who underwent PN or RN for kidney cancer and were continuously insured for 180 days before and 365 days after surgery were identified. [30]"],["Open removal of a kidney and ureter","Open removal of a kidney and ureter.","Moreover, in patients with locally advanced disease (pT3/pT4), the LNU group showed better 5-year IVRFS (62.9 vs. 54.1%, p=0.038), CSS (64.3 vs. 56.9%, p=0.022), and OS (60.4 vs. 53.1%, p=0.018) rates than the ONU group. 5-year; We compared oncologic outcomes of patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) who underwent open nephroureterectomy (ONU) or laparoscopic nephroureterectomy (LNU). [9]"],["Open removal of part of a kidney","Open removal of part of a kidney.","MIPN outperformed OPN in terms of hospital stay [weighted mean difference (WMD) -1.84 days, 95% CI -2.35 to -1.33; P <0.00001], blood loss (WMD -52.42 ml, 95% CI -71.43 to -33.41; P <0.00001), transfusion rates [odds ratio (OR) 0.34, 95% CI 0.17-0.67; P =0.002], major complications (OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.40-0.86; P =0.007) and overall complications (OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.31-0.59; P <0.0001), while operative time, warm ischemia time, conversion to radical nephrectomy rates, estimated glomerular decline, positive surgical margins, local recurrence, overall survival, recurrence-free survival, and cancer-specific survival were not significantly different. 1.84 days; The present study aimed to conduct a pooled analysis to compare the efficacy and safety of minimally invasive partial nephrectomy (MIPN) with open partial nephrectomy (OPN) in patients with complex renal tumors (defined as PADUA or RENAL score ≥7). [24] LPN exhibited a noteworthy reduction in the length of hospital stay (weighted mean difference [WMD] -2.06 days, 95% confidence interval [CI] -2.62, -1.50; p < 0.00001), blood loss (WMD -34.05mL, 95% CI -55.61, -12.48; p = 0.002), and overall complications (OR 0.38, 95% CI 0.19, 0.79; p = 0.009). 2.06 days; Perioperative, functional, and oncologic outcomes of laparoscopic partial nephrectomy versus open partial nephrectomy for complex renal tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. — This study encompassed a total of seven comparative trials, involving 934 patients. [11] The 30-day complication rate did not differ between groups: RAPN 41/112 (37%) versus OPN 41/89 (46%) (one-sided: P = 0.088). 30-day; Eligible patients aged ≥18 years had a renal tumour suitable for OPN or RAPN, a RENAL score ≥7, and an estimated glomerular filtration rate ≥50 ml/min/1.73 m2. [31]"],["Open removal of the bladder and surrounding tissue","Open removal of the bladder and surrounding tissue.","RARC and ORC demonstrated equivalent 90-day overall complications (RR 0.95, 95% CI 0.83–1.07; moderate certainty) and major complications (RR 1.03, 95% CI 0.74–1.44; low certainty) with negligible heterogeneity. 90-day; Robot-assisted versus open radical cystectomy with extracorporeal urinary diversion for bladder cancer: a GRADE-assessed systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials with subgroup analyses by orthotopic neobladder utilisation. — RESULTS: Five randomized trials (541 patients: 271 RARC and 270 ORC) met the inclusion criteria. [4] The positive surgical margin rates were similar (RR 1.09, 95% CI 0.54–2.21; low-certainty). Assessment: surgical specimen margins on tissue examination; Robot-assisted versus open radical cystectomy with extracorporeal urinary diversion for bladder cancer: a GRADE-assessed systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials with subgroup analyses by orthotopic neobladder utilisation. — RESULTS: Five randomized trials (541 patients: 271 RARC and 270 ORC) met the inclusion criteria. [4] Finally, at network metanalysis, ICUD (OR = 0.74, p < 0.001) but not ECUD (OR = 0.92, p < 0.08) yielded a lower rate of high-grade 90-day complications compared to ORC despite longer OT (MD = 89.56, p = 0.0351). 90-day; Methods: A systematic review identified RCTs including patients aged >18 years with non-metastatic bladder cancer treated with RARC (ICUD or ECUD) vs. [32]"],["Open removal of a kidney and surrounding tissue","Open removal of a kidney and surrounding tissue.","A lower positive surgical margin rate was also observed with R-RNTT (OR = 0.20, 95% CI 0.07-0.58, P = 0.003). Assessment: surgical specimen margins on tissue examination; For patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) complicated by inferior vena cava (IVC) tumor thrombus, radical nephrectomy combined with thrombectomy remains a key surgical option. [26] Compared to ORN, RRN was associated with shorter length of stay (WMD -3.06 days; p = 0.002), fewer overall complications (OR 0.56; p < 0.001), lower estimated blood loss (WMD -702 ml; p = 0.01), and higher total hospital costs (WMD US$4520; p = 0.004). 3.06 days; OBJECTIVE: To compare the outcomes of robotic surgery to those of laparoscopic and open surgery in patients undergoing RN for renal cell carcinoma (RCC). [33] Major complications (Clavien-Dindo grade ≥III) were observed in 4% of patients, with 30-day mortality in three cases. 30-day; Results The median tumor size was 10.7 cm, with 69 patients (66%) having tumors ≥10 cm. [34]"],["Removal of part of the bladder","Removal of part of the bladder.","RC had longer median OS than PC (67.8 vs. 54.1 months) and on Cox regression analysis (HR 0.88, 95% CI, 0.80-0.95, P = 0.002). 54.1 months; While radical cystectomy (RC) is the standard of care for muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC), partial cystectomy (PC) is an effective alternative in select patients. [35]"],["Removal of part of a kidney","Removal of part of a kidney.","Relative to RAPN, LPN had a prolonged operative time (OT)(weight mean difference[WMD] = 13.03 min;95%CI:5.63,20.43;p = 0006), longer length of stay (LOS) (WMD = 0.63days;95%CI:0.38,0.88;p < 0.00001), longer warm ischemia time (WIT) (WMD = 3.84 min;95%CI:2.06,5.62;p < 0.0001), higher conversion rate to radical nephrectomy (RN) (OR = 3.14;95%CI:1.64,6.01;p = 0.0006), higher intraoperative complications rates (OR = 1.91;95%CI:1.03,3.53;p = 0.04), higher postoperative complications rates (OR = 1.29;95%CI:1.01,1.64;p = 0.04), greater postoperative decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (WMD = 2.58mL/min/1.73 m²;95%CI:1.40,3.77;p < 0.0001). 0.63days; Patients suffering through moderate-to-high complexity renal tumors (RENAL-NS ≥ 7), RAPN showed that it was more effective than LPN in lowering OT, WIT, LOS, intraoperative and postoperative complications rates, conversion rate to RN. [10] However, no significant differences were found between the two groups in terms of warm ischemia time (WIT) (MD: -0.34, P = 0.69), overall complications (RR: 1.25, P = 0.09), major complications (the Clavien-Dindo classification ≥ 3) (RR: 0.97, P = 0.93), and positive surgical margin (PSM) (RR: 1.06, P = 0.87). Assessment: surgical specimen margins on tissue examination; Comparison of the perioperative outcomes of robot-assisted laparoscopic transperitoneal versus retraperitoneal partial nephrectomy for posterior-lateral renal tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. — The analysis included five studies meeting the inclusion criteria, with a total of 1440 patients (814 undergoing RP-RAPN and 626 undergoing TP-RAPN). [36] PCA was found to have advantageous outcomes in comparison to RAPN regarding hospital stay durations, with a Weighted Mean Difference (WMD) of - 2.03 days (95% Confidence Interval [CI]: -3.78 to - 0.27; p = 0.02), operative times (WMD: -106.75 min; 95% CI: - 170.78 to - 42.72; p = 0.001), and overall complication rates (Odds Ratio [OR]: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.42 to 0.89; p = 0.01). 2.03 days; Percutaneous ablation versus robotic‑assisted partial nephrectomy for cT1 renal cell carcinoma: an evidence-based analysis of comparative outcomes. — In this analysis, data from 1534 patients across 13 studies were evaluated. [37]"],["Removal of pelvic lymph nodes","Removal of pelvic lymph nodes.","Clavien-Dindo grade ≥ 3 complications (up to 90 days) Extended PLND likely increases Clavien-Dindo grade ≥ 3 complications as compared to standard PLND (risk ratio [RR] 1.22, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.41; 2 studies; 993 participants; moderate-certainty evidence). 90 days; We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in which participants underwent radical cystectomy for muscle-invasive or therapy-refractory non-muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma of the bladder with either an extended PLND with an upper extent reaching as far as the inferior mesenteric artery, or a standard PLND up to the bifurcation of the internal and external iliac artery, with otherwise the same anatomical boundaries. [38] Time to recurrence Extended PLND may result in little to no difference in time to recurrence as compared to standard PLND (HR 0.96, 95% CI 0.71 to 1.31; 2 studies, 993 participants; low-certainty evidence). Study follow-up: Based on the control event risk of 39.0% at 90-day follow-up, this corresponds to 86 more complications (95% CI 23 more to 160 more) per 1000 participants.; We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in which participants underwent radical cystectomy for muscle-invasive or therapy-refractory non-muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma of the bladder with either an extended PLND with an upper extent reaching as far as the inferior mesenteric artery, or a standard PLND up to the bifurcation of the internal and external iliac artery, with otherwise the same anatomical boundaries. [38] Clavien-Dindo grade ≤ 2 complications (up to 90 days) Extended PLND likely results in similar Clavien-Dindo grade ≤ 2 complications as compared to standard PLND (RR 0.85, 95% CI 0.73 to 1.00; 2 studies, 993 participants; moderate-certainty evidence). 90 days; We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in which participants underwent radical cystectomy for muscle-invasive or therapy-refractory non-muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma of the bladder with either an extended PLND with an upper extent reaching as far as the inferior mesenteric artery, or a standard PLND up to the bifurcation of the internal and external iliac artery, with otherwise the same anatomical boundaries. [38]"],["Removal of the bladder and surrounding tissue","Removal of the bladder and surrounding tissue.","RARC and ORC demonstrated equivalent 90-day overall complications (RR 0.95, 95% CI 0.83–1.07; moderate certainty) and major complications (RR 1.03, 95% CI 0.74–1.44; low certainty) with negligible heterogeneity. 90-day; Robot-assisted versus open radical cystectomy with extracorporeal urinary diversion for bladder cancer: a GRADE-assessed systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials with subgroup analyses by orthotopic neobladder utilisation. — RESULTS: Five randomized trials (541 patients: 271 RARC and 270 ORC) met the inclusion criteria. [4] The positive surgical margin rates were similar (RR 1.09, 95% CI 0.54–2.21; low-certainty). Assessment: surgical specimen margins on tissue examination; Robot-assisted versus open radical cystectomy with extracorporeal urinary diversion for bladder cancer: a GRADE-assessed systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials with subgroup analyses by orthotopic neobladder utilisation. — RESULTS: Five randomized trials (541 patients: 271 RARC and 270 ORC) met the inclusion criteria. [4] Analysis of crude data showed that risk of major complications (OR: 1.09 95% CI: 0.60, 1.98 I2 = 84%), all complications (OR: 1.77 95% CI: 0.63, 4.95 I2 = 0%), short-term mortality (<1 year) (OR: 2.23 95% CI: 0.63, 7.84 I2 = 57%), long-term mortality (>1 year) (OR: 1.81 95% CI: 0.87, 3.80 I2 = 71%), and readmission rates (OR: 1.55 95% CI: 0.51, 4.65 I2 = 0%) did not differ significantly between frail and non-frail patients. 1 year; Bladder cancer predominantly affects older adults, with approximately 70% of cases occurring in individuals aged ≥65 years, placing a substantial proportion of patients at increased risk of frailty and age-related comorbidities. [5]"],["Removal of a kidney and surrounding tissue","Removal of a kidney and surrounding tissue.","Relative to RAPN, LPN had a prolonged operative time (OT)(weight mean difference[WMD] = 13.03 min;95%CI:5.63,20.43;p = 0006), longer length of stay (LOS) (WMD = 0.63days;95%CI:0.38,0.88;p < 0.00001), longer warm ischemia time (WIT) (WMD = 3.84 min;95%CI:2.06,5.62;p < 0.0001), higher conversion rate to radical nephrectomy (RN) (OR = 3.14;95%CI:1.64,6.01;p = 0.0006), higher intraoperative complications rates (OR = 1.91;95%CI:1.03,3.53;p = 0.04), higher postoperative complications rates (OR = 1.29;95%CI:1.01,1.64;p = 0.04), greater postoperative decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (WMD = 2.58mL/min/1.73 m²;95%CI:1.40,3.77;p < 0.0001). 0.63days; Patients suffering through moderate-to-high complexity renal tumors (RENAL-NS ≥ 7), RAPN showed that it was more effective than LPN in lowering OT, WIT, LOS, intraoperative and postoperative complications rates, conversion rate to RN. [10] A lower positive surgical margin rate was also observed with R-RNTT (OR = 0.20, 95% CI 0.07-0.58, P = 0.003). Assessment: surgical specimen margins on tissue examination; For patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) complicated by inferior vena cava (IVC) tumor thrombus, radical nephrectomy combined with thrombectomy remains a key surgical option. [26] The 2-year and 5-year survival rates were 77.5 and 53.1%, respectively. 2-year; 5-year; This meta-analysis aims to review the surgical technique and outcomes of RRN-VCTE in patients with RCC and vena cava tumor thrombus. [39]"],["Removal of a kidney and ureter with surrounding tissue","Removal of a kidney and ureter with surrounding tissue.","DU was not associated with a significant difference in positive surgical margin compared with RNU (RR 1.24, 95% CI 0.64-2.43). Assessment: surgical specimen margins on tissue examination; The oncologic adequacy of distal ureterectomy (DU) versus radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) for nonmetastatic distal ureteral urothelial carcinoma remains debated, particularly in patients for whom renal preservation is clinically desirable. [27] No significant difference in 5-year CSS was observed between SU and RNU (HR 1.04, [95% confidence interval 0.93. 1.15], P = .49). 5-year; Radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) remains the standard of care for patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC). [29] Regarding treatment-specific predictors, positive surgical margins were associated with an HR of 3.97 (P = 0.0005), and adjuvant chemotherapy was associated with an HR of 1.65 (P = 0.03). Assessment: surgical specimen margins on tissue examination; Numerous studies have investigated predictors of intravesical recurrence following radical nephrectomy (RNU) in patients with upper urinary tract uroepithelial carcinoma (UTUC). [40]"],["Destroying tumour tissue with radiofrequency energy","Destroying tumour tissue with radiofrequency energy.","The treatment efficacy of RFA was not different with PN in terms of cancer recurrence (OR = 1.22, 95% CI, 0.45-3.28), PFS (HR = 1.26, 95% CI, 0.75-2.11), and CSS (HR = 1.27, 95% CI, 0.41-3.95) as well as major complications (OR = 1.31, 95% CI, 0.55-3.14) (P > 0.05 for all). Study follow-up: This meta-analysis aims to compare the treatment efficacy and safety of RFA and PN for patients with cT1 renal cancer with long-term follow-up of at least 5 years.; Partial nephrectomy (PN) is one of the most preferred nephron-sparing treatments for clinical T1 (cT1) renal cancer, while radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is usually used for patients who are poor surgical candidates. [41] RFA was a potential significant risk factor for OS (HR = 1.76, 95% CI, 1.32-2.34, P < 0.001). Study follow-up: This meta-analysis aims to compare the treatment efficacy and safety of RFA and PN for patients with cT1 renal cancer with long-term follow-up of at least 5 years.; Partial nephrectomy (PN) is one of the most preferred nephron-sparing treatments for clinical T1 (cT1) renal cancer, while radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is usually used for patients who are poor surgical candidates. [41] Five-year CSS was 99%, 96%, and 100% for PN, RFA, and cryoablation, respectively. Five-year; With mature follow-up at a single institution, percutaneous ablation appears to have acceptable results for cT1 renal tumors and is appropriate for patients with a contraindication for surgery. [42]"],["Robot-assisted removal of the bladder","Robot-assisted removal of the bladder.","In the overall population, the 3-year recurrence rates and CSM were 37% vs. 26% and 34% vs. 24% for ORC vs. 3-year; The study included 9757 patients with urothelial bladder cancer (BCa) treated in a consecutive manner at each of 25 institutions. [43]"],["Robot-assisted removal of a kidney and ureter","Robot-assisted removal of a kidney and ureter.","The postoperative complications rate was 14.1%; the positive surgical margin rate was 4.7%. Assessment: surgical specimen margins on tissue examination; Data were retrieved from the ROBotic surgery for Upper tract Urothelial cancer STtudy (ROBUUST) 2.0 database, an international, multicentre registry encompassing data of patients with upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma undergoing curative surgery between 2015 and 2022. [44] The 3-year RFS was 59% and the 3-year MFS was 76%, with a 3-year OS and CSS of 76% and 88%, respectively. 3-year; Data were retrieved from the ROBotic surgery for Upper tract Urothelial cancer STtudy (ROBUUST) 2.0 database, an international, multicentre registry encompassing data of patients with upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma undergoing curative surgery between 2015 and 2022. [44]"],["Robot-assisted removal of part of a kidney","Robot-assisted removal of part of a kidney.","Relative to RAPN, LPN had a prolonged operative time (OT)(weight mean difference[WMD] = 13.03 min;95%CI:5.63,20.43;p = 0006), longer length of stay (LOS) (WMD = 0.63days;95%CI:0.38,0.88;p < 0.00001), longer warm ischemia time (WIT) (WMD = 3.84 min;95%CI:2.06,5.62;p < 0.0001), higher conversion rate to radical nephrectomy (RN) (OR = 3.14;95%CI:1.64,6.01;p = 0.0006), higher intraoperative complications rates (OR = 1.91;95%CI:1.03,3.53;p = 0.04), higher postoperative complications rates (OR = 1.29;95%CI:1.01,1.64;p = 0.04), greater postoperative decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (WMD = 2.58mL/min/1.73 m²;95%CI:1.40,3.77;p < 0.0001). 0.63days; Patients suffering through moderate-to-high complexity renal tumors (RENAL-NS ≥ 7), RAPN showed that it was more effective than LPN in lowering OT, WIT, LOS, intraoperative and postoperative complications rates, conversion rate to RN. [10] PCA was found to have advantageous outcomes in comparison to RAPN regarding hospital stay durations, with a Weighted Mean Difference (WMD) of - 2.03 days (95% Confidence Interval [CI]: -3.78 to - 0.27; p = 0.02), operative times (WMD: -106.75 min; 95% CI: - 170.78 to - 42.72; p = 0.001), and overall complication rates (Odds Ratio [OR]: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.42 to 0.89; p = 0.01). 2.03 days; Percutaneous ablation versus robotic‑assisted partial nephrectomy for cT1 renal cell carcinoma: an evidence-based analysis of comparative outcomes. — In this analysis, data from 1534 patients across 13 studies were evaluated. [37] Compared to RAPN (Robot-Assisted Partial Nephrectomy), the CA (Cryoablation) group had a shorter hospital stay [MD -1.76 days; 95% CI -3.12 to -0.41; p = 0.01], less blood loss [MD -104.60 ml; 95% CI -152.58 to -56.62; p < 0.0001], and fewer overall complications [OR 0.62; 95% CI 0.45 to 0.86; p = 0.004], but a higher recurrence rate [OR 7.83; 95% CI 4.32 to 14.19; p < 0.00001]. 1.76 days; Comparative efficacy of cryoablation versus robot-assisted partial nephrectomy in the treatment of cT1 renal tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. — This study included a total of 10 studies comprising 2,011 patients. [2]"],["Robot-assisted removal of the bladder and surrounding tissue","Robot-assisted removal of the bladder and surrounding tissue.","RARC and ORC demonstrated equivalent 90-day overall complications (RR 0.95, 95% CI 0.83–1.07; moderate certainty) and major complications (RR 1.03, 95% CI 0.74–1.44; low certainty) with negligible heterogeneity. 90-day; Robot-assisted versus open radical cystectomy with extracorporeal urinary diversion for bladder cancer: a GRADE-assessed systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials with subgroup analyses by orthotopic neobladder utilisation. — RESULTS: Five randomized trials (541 patients: 271 RARC and 270 ORC) met the inclusion criteria. [4] However, we observed no significant differences, with regards to the operative duration (WMD: 3.48, 95% CI: -28.42, 35.38; I² = 98%, p-heterogeneity < 0.00001, p-overall = 0.83), length of hospitalization (WMD: 0.53, 95% CI: -0.15, 1.21; I² = 85%, p-heterogeneity < 0.00001, p-overall = 0.13), 30-day complication rates (OR: 1.22, 95% CI: 0.83, 1.78; I² = 77%, p-heterogeneity = 0.0005, p-overall = 0.30), 90-day complication rates (OR: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.61, 1.39; I² = 61%, p-heterogeneity = 0.04, p-overall = 0.68), or 30-day readmission rates (OR: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.62, 1.20; I² = 35%, p-heterogeneity = 0.20, p-overall = 0.38). 30-day; 90-day; There is scarce information regarding intracorporeal (ICUD) and extracorporeal urinary diversion (ECUD) for the treatment of bladder cancer in patients aged 65 and older. [45] In addition, there were statistically significant lower transfusion rates (OR=-0.15, 95% CI=-0.47 to 0.17), fewer overall complication rates (OR=-0.39, 95% CI=-0.79 to 0.00), fewer minor complication rates (OR=-0.23, 95% CI=-0.48 to 0.02), fewer major complication rates (OR=-0.23, 95% CI=-0.68 to 0.21), fewer positive surgical margin rates (OR=0.22, 95% CI=-0.27 to 0.68) in RARC group compared with LRC group. Assessment: surgical specimen margins on tissue examination; These data thus showed that RARC might improve the management of patients with muscle invasive or high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. [13]"],["Robot-assisted removal of a kidney and surrounding tissue","Robot-assisted removal of a kidney and surrounding tissue.","The 2-year and 5-year survival rates were 77.5 and 53.1%, respectively. 2-year; 5-year; This meta-analysis aims to review the surgical technique and outcomes of RRN-VCTE in patients with RCC and vena cava tumor thrombus. [39] Compared to ORN, RRN was associated with shorter length of stay (WMD -3.06 days; p = 0.002), fewer overall complications (OR 0.56; p < 0.001), lower estimated blood loss (WMD -702 ml; p = 0.01), and higher total hospital costs (WMD US$4520; p = 0.004). 3.06 days; OBJECTIVE: To compare the outcomes of robotic surgery to those of laparoscopic and open surgery in patients undergoing RN for renal cell carcinoma (RCC). [33]"],["Bladder tumour removal through the urethra","Bladder tumour removal through the urethra.","The results showed the rate of identification of detrusor muscle in specimens [odds ratio (OR) 1.90; P = 0.03] was higher in ERBT group, and bladder perforation (OR 0.30; P = 0.004), obturator nerve reflex (OR 0.18; P = 0.001), catheter indwelling time (MD -0.64; P = 0.002), length of hospital stay (MD -0.58; P = 0.002), tumor recurrence rate 3 months after surgery (OR 0.42; P = 0.03), tumor recurrence rate 6 months after surgery (OR 0.21; P = 0.007), the recurrence rate of the same site 1 year after surgery (OR 0.23; P < 0.0001) and bleeding rate (OR 0.30; P = 0.0005) were significantly lower in ERBT group than that in cTURBT group. 3 months; 6 months; 1 year; An updated systematic review, meta-analysis, and trial sequential analysis of the efficacy and safety of en bloc transurethral resection vs. conventional transurethral resection for nonmuscle-invasive bladder tumor. — A total of 12 RCTs involving 2097 patients with NMIBC were included and analyzed. [46] There was no significant difference in residual tumor (OR 0.62; P = 0.07), Re-TURBT (OR 0.71; P = 0.19), hemoglobin deficit (MD -0.81; P = 0.29), urethral stricture (OR 0.67; P = 0.42), resection time (MD 2.31; P = 0.16), operative time (MD 1.17; P = 0.49), 1 year (OR 0.61; P = 0.13), 2 years (OR 0.94; P = 0.76), 3-year tumor recurrence rate (OR 1.03; P = 0.86) and the risk of progression at 12 month (OR 0.68; P = 0.79) between the two groups. 1 year; 2 years; 3-year; 12 month; An updated systematic review, meta-analysis, and trial sequential analysis of the efficacy and safety of en bloc transurethral resection vs. conventional transurethral resection for nonmuscle-invasive bladder tumor. — A total of 12 RCTs involving 2097 patients with NMIBC were included and analyzed. [46] Over median follow-up of 17 mo, disease recurrence was detected in three patients (23%) in the reTUR arm and six patients (40%) in the upfront BCG arm. 17 mo; Patients with macroscopically completely resected high-grade T1 NMIBC, with or without concomitant carcinoma in situ, and with detrusor muscle (DM) present in the initial TUR specimen were considered eligible for inclusion. [47]"]]]},{"id":"narrative-indications_and_alternatives","title":"When surgery may help and what alternatives to discuss","text":"When surgery may help and what alternatives to discuss Kidney cancer that has already spread requires a different discussion from cancer being considered for local surgery. Guidance published in 2018 addressed clear-cell kidney cancer that was metastatic at diagnosis: for patients in intermediate- or poor-risk groups who needed medical treatment, immediate kidney removal to reduce the cancer burden was no longer considered the standard first step. The underlying trial compared drug treatment alone with kidney removal followed by drug treatment. This recommendation concerns that specific population, rather than every person with kidney cancer. For muscle-invasive bladder cancer, bladder removal with urinary diversion is a treatment approach. If robot-assisted surgery is being considered, a 2026 expert consensus supports assessing frailty and nutrition before treatment. It also supports considering nerve- or organ-preserving techniques in selected patients to help protect urinary control, sexual function and quality of life, rather than treating these techniques as suitable for everyone. Sources (3) Updated European Association of Urology Guidelines for Cytoreductive Nephrectomy in Patients with Synchronous Metastatic Clear-cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. A systematic review and meta-analysis: evaluating the enhanced recovery after surgery protocol for perioperative care in robot-assisted radical cystectomy. Robot-Assisted Radical Cystectomy: Recommendations from Latin American Experts Consensus on Surgical Strategy, Urinary Reconstruction, and Oncological and Func-tional Outcomes.","links":[{"label":"Updated European Association of Urology Guidelines for Cytoreductive Nephrectomy in Patients with Synchronous Metastatic Clear-cell Renal Cell Carcinoma.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30177291/"},{"label":"A systematic review and meta-analysis: evaluating the enhanced recovery after surgery protocol for perioperative care in robot-assisted radical cystectomy.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42009983/"},{"label":"Robot-Assisted Radical Cystectomy: Recommendations from Latin American Experts Consensus on Surgical Strategy, Urinary Reconstruction, and Oncological and Func-tional Outcomes.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42462153/"}]},{"id":"narrative-outcomes_and_limits","title":"Expected outcomes and limits of the evidence","text":"Expected outcomes and limits of the evidence A 2026 analysis of seven studies involving 2,715 patients with kidney tumours classified as pT2 found no statistically significant difference in cancer-specific survival at two or five years between partial and radical nephrectomy. Cancer-specific survival measures survival without death from the cancer. Patients receiving partial surgery had smaller tumours, so this comparison does not establish that the operations are interchangeable for an individual patient. For bladder cancer, a 2026 review of five randomised trials included 541 adults: 271 had robot-assisted bladder removal and 270 had open surgery. In both groups, urinary reconstruction was performed outside the body. At 90 days, the review found no clear difference in overall or major complications. Robot-assisted surgery reduced blood loss during the operation by an average of about 230 mL; the evidence for that difference was rated low certainty. These findings concern that reconstruction approach, not every form of robotic bladder surgery. Sources (2) Comparative efficacy of nephron-sparing surgery versus total nephrectomy on operative and prognostic results in pT2 kidney tumors: a meta-analysis. Robot-assisted versus open radical cystectomy with extracorporeal urinary diversion for bladder cancer: a GRADE-assessed systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials with subgroup analyses by orthotopic neobladder utilisation.","links":[{"label":"Comparative efficacy of nephron-sparing surgery versus total nephrectomy on operative and prognostic results in pT2 kidney tumors: a meta-analysis.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41735625/"},{"label":"Robot-assisted versus open radical cystectomy with extracorporeal urinary diversion for bladder cancer: a GRADE-assessed systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials with subgroup analyses by orthotopic neobladder utilisation.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41486201/"}]},{"id":"narrative-risks","title":"Risks to discuss with your surgeon","text":"Risks to discuss with your surgeon Urinary infection is an important risk after radical bladder removal. A 2026 review of 17 observational studies involving 18,976 patients estimated that 21% developed a urinary tract infection within 90 days, with a 95% confidence interval of 17% to 25%. Among patients who developed an infection, an estimated 25% developed urosepsis, a serious systemic illness caused by a urinary infection; the confidence interval was 19% to 32%. That second percentage refers to patients with an infection, not everyone having surgery. These pooled estimates describe study populations, not a particular hospital's results or your personal risk. For robot-assisted partial kidney removal, tumour location can affect the operation's difficulty. A 2026 review of eight studies included 7,064 patients, of whom 1,292 had tumours at the kidney's hilum, where vessels enter and leave, and 5,772 had more peripheral tumours. Hilar tumours were associated with more bleeding, transfusions and severe complications around surgery. The comparison did not find a statistically significant difference in overall complications or conversion to open surgery or complete kidney removal. Sources (2) A systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating the incidence, microbiological profile and risk factors associated with urinary tract infection after radical cystectomy. Robot-assisted partial nephrectomy for hilar versus non-hilar renal tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","links":[{"label":"A systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating the incidence, microbiological profile and risk factors associated with urinary tract infection after radical cystectomy.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41162269/"},{"label":"Robot-assisted partial nephrectomy for hilar versus non-hilar renal tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41699371/"}]},{"id":"narrative-recovery_and_followup","title":"Recovery and follow-up care","text":"Recovery and follow-up care A structured enhanced recovery pathway is one part of care to discuss before robot-assisted bladder removal. A 2026 expert consensus supports these pathways alongside assessment of frailty and nutrition. A separate 2026 review compared enhanced recovery with conventional care in four studies involving 473 patients: 251 received enhanced recovery care and 222 did not. Hospital stays were about 3.1 days shorter on average with enhanced recovery, and bowel function returned sooner. Overall complications were lower at 30 days, but no statistically significant difference was found at 90 days. This is a difference between care pathways, not a promised discharge date. After robot-assisted partial kidney removal, a 2026 review of 15 studies involving 2,689 patients compared single-port with multi-port surgery. Single-port surgery was associated with a hospital stay about 0.43 days shorter on average. Most studies were retrospective, and the recovery differences were modest; the findings do not establish when an individual can return to normal activities. Sources (3) Robot-Assisted Radical Cystectomy: Recommendations from Latin American Experts Consensus on Surgical Strategy, Urinary Reconstruction, and Oncological and Func-tional Outcomes. A systematic review and meta-analysis: evaluating the enhanced recovery after surgery protocol for perioperative care in robot-assisted radical cystectomy. Single-versus multi-port robotic partial nephrectomy: a meta-analytic study of perioperative, functional, and oncologic outcomes.","links":[{"label":"Robot-Assisted Radical Cystectomy: Recommendations from Latin American Experts Consensus on Surgical Strategy, Urinary Reconstruction, and Oncological and Func-tional Outcomes.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42462153/"},{"label":"A systematic review and meta-analysis: evaluating the enhanced recovery after surgery protocol for perioperative care in robot-assisted radical cystectomy.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42009983/"},{"label":"Single-versus multi-port robotic partial nephrectomy: a meta-analytic study of perioperative, functional, and oncologic outcomes.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41851385/"}]},{"id":"explore","title":"Explore surgery and care teams","text":"Explore surgery and care teams Nephrectomy Bladder removal Bladder removal with reconstruction Kidney_bladder surgery surgeons Nephrectomy 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entries Sources (63) Eyup Veli Kucuk Murat Savas Abdulmuttalip Simsek Barak Rosenzweig Antonio Alcaraz Haim Matskin Zohar Dotan Jack Baniel avi Beri Hughes Hyun Jaroslav Tvaruzek Ivan Colombo Jan Dolezel Ilker Tinay Mustafa Solak Basri Cakiroglu Yossefovitz Ofer Vladimir Yutkin Georg Shatzl Tunc Ozdemir Oguzhan Parlak Baris Nuhoglu Cenk Acar Semih Ayyan Viola Fox Abdullmutalip Simsek Dr Bugra Cetin Senol Erguney Sakir Aydogan Mumin Temel Gurkan Ozkan Josep Torremade Barreda Ozgur Haki  Yuksel Navarro Vilches Cem Basatac Kurshad Zengin Bruce Patrik Dos Santos Marcano Ugur Aferin George Tie Bahri Gok Dr Alejandro Lira Ramazan Altin Sait Aygun Zohaar Dotan Nir Kleinmann Dorit Zilberman Sohn Dong-wan Sven Jorg Petry Antonio Alcaraz Asensio Kadir Onem Hasan Anil Atalay Pekize Eker Balcioglu Xavier Centeno Fornies Yusuf Acikgoz Cesar Canales Bedoya Wolfgang Schröder Heeseok Kang Jacob Ben-chaim Mario Sofer Serkan Deveci Ben Cchaim Jacob Alaettin Celik Elnur Allahverdiyev","links":[{"label":"","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/oncologic-surgery/surgeon-bookimed-10906/"},{"label":"Eyup Veli Kucuk","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/oncologic-surgery/surgeon-bookimed-10906/"},{"label":"Memorial Göztepe Hospital","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/oncologic-surgery/clinic-7176/"},{"label":"","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/oncologic-surgery/surgeon-bookimed-9533/"},{"label":"Murat Savas","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/oncologic-surgery/surgeon-bookimed-9533/"},{"label":"Medical Park Antalya Hospital Complex","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/oncologic-surgery/clinic-5615/"},{"label":"","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/oncologic-surgery/surgeon-bookimed-9003/"},{"label":"Abdulmuttalip Simsek","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/oncologic-surgery/surgeon-bookimed-9003/"},{"label":"Memorial Bahçelievler 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Hospital","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/oncologic-surgery/clinic-6339/"},{"label":"","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/oncologic-surgery/surgeon-bookimed-11157/"},{"label":"Dr Alejandro Lira","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/oncologic-surgery/surgeon-bookimed-11157/"},{"label":"Hospital de la Familia","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/oncologic-surgery/clinic-692/"},{"label":"","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/oncologic-surgery/surgeon-bookimed-13180/"},{"label":"Sohn Dong-wan","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/oncologic-surgery/surgeon-bookimed-13180/"},{"label":"NAEUN HOSPITAL","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/oncologic-surgery/clinic-8215/"},{"label":"","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/oncologic-surgery/surgeon-bookimed-9048/"},{"label":"Heeseok Kang","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/oncologic-surgery/surgeon-bookimed-9048/"},{"label":"Seoul Miz Hospital (서울미즈병원)","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/oncologic-surgery/clinic-6110/"},{"label":"Eyup Veli Kucuk","url":"https://us-uk.bookimed.com/doctor/eyup-veli-kucuk/"},{"label":"Murat Savas","url":"https://us-uk.bookimed.com/doctor/murat-savas/"},{"label":"Abdulmuttalip Simsek","url":"https://us-uk.bookimed.com/doctor/abdulmuttalip-simsek/"},{"label":"Barak Rosenzweig","url":"https://us-uk.bookimed.com/doctor/barak-rosenzweig/"},{"label":"Antonio Alcaraz","url":"https://us-uk.bookimed.com/doctor/antonio-alcaraz/"},{"label":"Haim Matskin","url":"https://us-uk.bookimed.com/doctor/haim-matzkin/"},{"label":"Zohar Dotan","url":"https://us-uk.bookimed.com/doctor/zohar-dotan/"},{"label":"Jack Baniel","url":"https://us-uk.bookimed.com/doctor/jack-baniel/"},{"label":"avi Beri","url":"https://us-uk.bookimed.com/doctor/avi-barry/"},{"label":"Hughes Hyun","url":"https://us-uk.bookimed.com/doctor/hughes-hyun/"},{"label":"Jaroslav Tvaruzek","url":"https://us-uk.bookimed.com/doctor/jaroslav-tvaruzek/"},{"label":"Ivan Colombo","url":"https://us-uk.bookimed.com/doctor/ivan-colombo/"},{"label":"Jan Dolezel","url":"https://us-uk.bookimed.com/doctor/jan-dolezel/"},{"label":"Ilker Tinay","url":"https://us-uk.bookimed.com/doctor/ilker-tinay/"},{"label":"Mustafa Solak","url":"https://us-uk.bookimed.com/doctor/mustafa-solak/"},{"label":"Basri Cakiroglu","url":"https://us-uk.bookimed.com/doctor/basri-cakiroglu/"},{"label":"Yossefovitz Ofer","url":"https://us-uk.bookimed.com/doctor/yossefovitz-ofer/"},{"label":"Vladimir Yutkin","url":"https://us-uk.bookimed.com/doctor/vladimir-yutkin/"},{"label":"Georg Shatzl","url":"https://us-uk.bookimed.com/doctor/georg-shatzl/"},{"label":"Tunc Ozdemir","url":"https://us-uk.bookimed.com/doctor/tunc-ozdemir/"},{"label":"Oguzhan Parlak","url":"https://us-uk.bookimed.com/doctor/oguzhan-parlak/"},{"label":"Baris Nuhoglu","url":"https://us-uk.bookimed.com/doctor/boris-nuh/"},{"label":"Cenk Acar","url":"https://us-uk.bookimed.com/doctor/cenk-acar/"},{"label":"Semih Ayyan","url":"https://us-uk.bookimed.com/doctor/semih-ayyan/"},{"label":"Viola Fox","url":"https://us-uk.bookimed.com/doctor/phd-viola-fox/"},{"label":"Abdullmutalip Simsek","url":"https://us-uk.bookimed.com/doctor/abdullmutalip-simsek/"},{"label":"Dr Bugra Cetin","url":"https://us-uk.bookimed.com/doctor/bugra-cetin/"},{"label":"Senol Erguney","url":"https://us-uk.bookimed.com/doctor/senol-erguney/"},{"label":"Sakir Aydogan","url":"https://us-uk.bookimed.com/doctor/sakir-aydogan/"},{"label":"Mumin Temel","url":"https://us-uk.bookimed.com/doctor/mumin-temel/"},{"label":"Gurkan Ozkan","url":"https://us-uk.bookimed.com/doctor/gurkan-ozkan/"},{"label":"Josep Torremade Barreda","url":"https://us-uk.bookimed.com/doctor/josep-torremade-barreda/"},{"label":"Ozgur Haki  Yuksel","url":"https://us-uk.bookimed.com/doctor/ozgur-haki-yuksel/"},{"label":"Navarro Vilches","url":"https://us-uk.bookimed.com/doctor/navarro-vilches/"},{"label":"Cem Basatac","url":"https://us-uk.bookimed.com/doctor/cem-basatas/"},{"label":"Kurshad Zengin","url":"https://us-uk.bookimed.com/doctor/kurshad-zengin/"},{"label":"Bruce Patrik Dos Santos Marcano","url":"https://us-uk.bookimed.com/doctor/bruce-patrik-dos-santos-marcano/"},{"label":"Ugur Aferin","url":"https://us-uk.bookimed.com/doctor/ugur-aferin/"},{"label":"George Tie","url":"https://us-uk.bookimed.com/doctor/george-tie/"},{"label":"Bahri Gok","url":"https://us-uk.bookimed.com/doctor/bahri-gok/"},{"label":"Dr Alejandro Lira","url":"https://us-uk.bookimed.com/doctor/dr-alejandro-lira/"},{"label":"Ramazan Altin","url":"https://us-uk.bookimed.com/doctor/ramazan-altintas/"},{"label":"Sait Aygun","url":"https://us-uk.bookimed.com/doctor/sait-aygun/"},{"label":"Zohaar Dotan","url":"https://us-uk.bookimed.com/doctor/zohaar-dotan/"},{"label":"Nir Kleinmann","url":"https://us-uk.bookimed.com/doctor/nir-kleinmann/"},{"label":"Dorit Zilberman","url":"https://us-uk.bookimed.com/doctor/dorit-zilberman/"},{"label":"Sohn Dong-wan","url":"https://us-uk.bookimed.com/doctor/son-dong-wan/"},{"label":"Sven Jorg Petry","url":"https://us-uk.bookimed.com/doctor/sven-jorg-petry/"},{"label":"Antonio Alcaraz Asensio","url":"https://us-uk.bookimed.com/doctor/antonio-alcaraz-asensio/"},{"label":"Kadir Onem","url":"https://us-uk.bookimed.com/doctor/kadir-onem/"},{"label":"Hasan Anil Atalay","url":"https://us-uk.bookimed.com/doctor/hasan-anil-atalay/"},{"label":"Pekize Eker Balcioglu","url":"https://us-uk.bookimed.com/doctor/pakize-eker-balcioglu/"},{"label":"Xavier Centeno Fornies","url":"https://us-uk.bookimed.com/doctor/xavier-centeno-fornies/"},{"label":"Yusuf Acikgoz","url":"https://us-uk.bookimed.com/doctor/yusuf-acikgoz/"},{"label":"Cesar Canales Bedoya","url":"https://us-uk.bookimed.com/doctor/cesar-canales-bedoya/"},{"label":"Wolfgang Schröder","url":"https://us-uk.bookimed.com/doctor/wolfgang-schroeder/"},{"label":"Heeseok Kang","url":"https://us-uk.bookimed.com/doctor/heeseok-kang/"},{"label":"Jacob Ben-chaim","url":"https://us-uk.bookimed.com/doctor/jacob-ben-chaim/"},{"label":"Mario Sofer","url":"https://us-uk.bookimed.com/doctor/mario-sofer/"},{"label":"Serkan Deveci","url":"https://us-uk.bookimed.com/doctor/serkan-deveci/"},{"label":"Ben Cchaim Jacob","url":"https://us-uk.bookimed.com/doctor/ben-cchaim-jacob/"},{"label":"Alaettin Celik","url":"https://us-uk.bookimed.com/doctor/alaettin-celik/"},{"label":"Elnur Allahverdiyev","url":"https://us-uk.bookimed.com/doctor/elnur-allahverdiyev/"}],"tables":[[["Specialist","Clinic","Operations and experience","Ask about treatment"],["Eyup Veli Kucuk","Memorial Göztepe Hospital Istanbul, Turkey","Prostatectomy; Da Vinci Robotic System; Robotic da Vinci prostatectomy; Bladder removal In practice since 2006","Ask about treatment"],["Murat Savas","Medical Park Antalya Hospital Complex Antalya, Turkey","Prostatectomy; Nephrectomy; Robotic da Vinci prostatectomy; Bladder removal In practice since 1996","Ask about treatment"],["Abdulmuttalip Simsek","Memorial Bahçelievler Hospital Istanbul, Turkey","Prostatectomy; Robotic da Vinci prostatectomy; Bladder removal In practice since 2010","Ask about treatment"],["Ilker Tinay","Anadolu Medical Center Istanbul, Turkey","Prostatectomy; Nephrectomy; Da Vinci Robotic System; Robotic da Vinci prostatectomy; Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP); Bladder removal; Removal of testicle tumor; Bladder removal with reconstruction In practice since 2003","Ask about treatment"],["Mustafa Solak","Hisar Hospital Intercontinental Istanbul, Turkey","Mastectomy; Thyroid resection; Removal of liver cancer; Removal of colon cancer; Prostatectomy; Removal of spinal cord tumor; Melanoma surgery; Nephrectomy; Stomach cancer surgery; Da Vinci Robotic System; Esophagectomy; Small intestine resection; Robotic da Vinci prostatectomy; Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP); Breast cancer surgery; Hysterectomy (uterus removal); Lumpectomy; Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy (HIPEC); Whipple surgery; Orchiectomy; Mohs microsurgery; Hysterectomy with DaVinci robot; Lung cancer surgery; Bladder removal; Colectomy (large bowel resection); Liver resection; Removal of meningioma; Rectal resection; Removal of testicle tumor; Throat cancer operation; Tongue cancer surgery; Gastroectomy; Pancreatic cancer surgery; Bladder removal with reconstruction; Laparoscopic Hysterectomy In practice since 2006","Ask about treatment"],["Basri Cakiroglu","Hisar Hospital Intercontinental Istanbul, Turkey","Prostatectomy; Nephrectomy; Robotic da Vinci prostatectomy; Orchiectomy; Bladder removal; Bladder removal with reconstruction In practice since 1994","Ask about treatment"],["Tunc Ozdemir","Istanbul Florence Nightingale Hospital Istanbul, Turkey","Prostatectomy; Nephrectomy; Robotic da Vinci prostatectomy; Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP); Bladder removal; Bladder removal with reconstruction In practice since 1998","Ask about treatment"],["Oguzhan Parlak","Valued Med Hub Hospitals Istanbul, Turkey","Prostatectomy; Nephrectomy; Robotic da Vinci prostatectomy In practice since 2000","Ask about treatment"],["Baris Nuhoglu","Men's Health Clinics Istanbul, Turkey","Prostatectomy; Nephrectomy; Robotic da Vinci prostatectomy; Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP); Orchiectomy; Bladder removal; Bladder removal with reconstruction In practice since 1997","Ask about treatment"],["Cenk Acar","Hisar Hospital Intercontinental Istanbul, Turkey","Prostatectomy; Nephrectomy; Robotic da Vinci prostatectomy; Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP); Orchiectomy; Bladder removal In practice since 2006","Ask about treatment"],["Semih Ayyan","Valued Med Hub Hospitals Istanbul, Turkey","Prostatectomy; Nephrectomy In practice since 2009","Ask about treatment"],["Abdullmutalip Simsek","Valued Med Hub Hospitals Istanbul, Turkey","Prostatectomy; Nephrectomy; Robotic da Vinci prostatectomy; Bladder removal; Bladder removal with reconstruction In practice since 2005","Ask about treatment"]],[["Specialist","Clinic","Operations and experience","Ask about treatment"],["Dr Bugra Cetin","Dr. Bugra Cetin- Uroaesthetic Clinic Istanbul, Turkey","Prostatectomy; Nephrectomy; Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP); Orchiectomy; Bladder removal; Bladder removal with reconstruction In practice since 2013","Ask about treatment"],["Senol Erguney","Büyük Anadolu Hospitals (BAH International) Istanbul, Turkey","Prostatectomy; Nephrectomy; Robotic da Vinci prostatectomy; Bladder removal with reconstruction In practice since 1988","Ask about treatment"],["Sakir Aydogan","Büyük Anadolu Hospitals (BAH International) Istanbul, Turkey","Prostatectomy; Nephrectomy; Robotic da Vinci prostatectomy; Bladder removal with reconstruction In practice since 1995","Ask about treatment"],["Mumin Temel","Büyük Anadolu Hospitals (BAH International) Istanbul, Turkey","Prostatectomy; Nephrectomy; Robotic da Vinci prostatectomy; Bladder removal with reconstruction In practice since 2000","Ask about treatment"],["Gurkan Ozkan","Büyük Anadolu Hospitals (BAH International) Istanbul, Turkey","Prostatectomy; Nephrectomy; Robotic da Vinci prostatectomy; Bladder removal with reconstruction In practice since 2005","Ask about treatment"],["Ozgur Haki  Yuksel","VM Medical Park Pendik Hospital Istanbul, Turkey","Prostatectomy; Nephrectomy In practice since 2003","Ask about treatment"],["Cem Basatac","Gayrettepe Florence Nightingale Hospital Istanbul, Turkey","Prostatectomy; Nephrectomy; Robotic da Vinci prostatectomy; Bladder removal; Bladder removal with reconstruction In practice since 2007","Ask about treatment"],["Kurshad Zengin","Lokman Hekim Akay Hospital Ankara, Turkey","Prostatectomy; Nephrectomy; Bladder removal; Bladder removal with reconstruction In practice since 2004","Ask about treatment"],["Ugur Aferin","Istanbul Florence Nightingale Hospital Istanbul, Turkey","Prostatectomy; Nephrectomy; Robotic da Vinci prostatectomy; Bladder removal; Bladder removal with reconstruction In practice since 2015","Ask about treatment"],["Bahri Gok","Lokman Hekim University Ankara Hospital Ankara, Turkey","Prostatectomy; Nephrectomy; Robotic da Vinci prostatectomy In practice since 2007","Ask about treatment"],["Ramazan Altin","Valued Med Hub Hospitals Istanbul, Turkey","Prostatectomy; Nephrectomy; Bladder removal; Bladder removal with reconstruction In practice since 2000","Ask about treatment"],["Sait Aygun","Optimed International Hospital Tekirdag, Turkey","Prostatectomy; Nephrectomy; Bladder removal In practice since 2018","Ask about treatment"]],[["Specialist","Clinic","Operations and experience","Ask about treatment"],["Zohaar Dotan","Bookimed Batman, Turkey","Prostatectomy; Nephrectomy; Da Vinci Robotic System; Robotic da Vinci prostatectomy; Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP); Bladder removal; Removal of testicle tumor; Bladder removal with reconstruction In practice since 1991","Ask about treatment"],["Kadir Onem","İstinye University Liv Hospital Topkapı Istanbul, Turkey","Prostatectomy; Nephrectomy; Robotic da Vinci prostatectomy; Bladder removal; Bladder removal with reconstruction In practice since 2002","Ask about treatment"],["Hasan Anil Atalay","Atlas University Hospital Istanbul, Turkey","Prostatectomy; Nephrectomy In practice since 2001","Ask about treatment"],["Pekize Eker Balcioglu","Hisar Hospital Intercontinental Istanbul, Turkey","Nephrectomy; Small intestine resection; Hysterectomy (uterus removal); Lumpectomy; Colectomy (large bowel resection); Liver resection; Rectal resection; Gastroectomy In practice since 2002","Ask about treatment"],["Yusuf Acikgoz","Lokman Hekim University Ankara Hospital Ankara, Turkey","Mastectomy; Thyroid resection; Removal of liver cancer; Removal of colon cancer; Stomach cancer surgery; Breast cancer surgery; Tongue cancer surgery; Pancreatic cancer surgery; Bladder removal with reconstruction In practice since 2016","Ask about treatment"],["Serkan Deveci","Medical Park Göztepe Hospital Complex Istanbul, Turkey","Nephrectomy In practice since 1950","Ask about treatment"],["Alaettin Celik","Istanbul Florence Nightingale Hospital Istanbul, Turkey","Nephrectomy; Bladder removal; Colectomy (large bowel resection); Rectal resection In practice since 1977","Ask about treatment"],["Elnur Allahverdiyev","Anadolu Medical Center Istanbul, Turkey","Bladder removal In practice since 2012","Ask about treatment"]],[["Specialist","Clinic","Operations and experience","Ask about treatment"],["Barak Rosenzweig","Sheba Medical Center Ramat Gan, Israel","Prostatectomy; Nephrectomy; Robotic da Vinci prostatectomy; Bladder removal; Removal of testicle tumor; Bladder removal with reconstruction In practice since 2007","Ask about treatment"],["Haim Matskin","Sourasky Medical Center (Ichilov) Tel Aviv, Israel","Prostatectomy; Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP); Bladder removal with reconstruction In practice since 1900","Ask about treatment"],["Zohar Dotan","Assuta Medical Center Tel Aviv, Israel","Prostatectomy; Da Vinci Robotic System; Robotic da Vinci prostatectomy; Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP); Bladder removal; Bladder removal with reconstruction","Ask about treatment"],["Jack Baniel","Sourasky Medical Center (Ichilov) Tel Aviv, Israel","Prostatectomy; Nephrectomy; Da Vinci Robotic System; Robotic da Vinci prostatectomy In practice since 1987","Ask about treatment"],["avi Beri","Sourasky Medical Center (Ichilov) Tel Aviv, Israel","Prostatectomy; Nephrectomy; Robotic da Vinci prostatectomy; Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP); Bladder removal with reconstruction In practice since 1996","Ask about treatment"],["Hughes Hyun","Sourasky Medical Center (Ichilov) Tel Aviv, Israel","Prostatectomy; Nephrectomy; Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) In practice since 1983","Ask about treatment"],["Yossefovitz Ofer","Sourasky Medical Center (Ichilov) Tel Aviv, Israel","Nephrectomy; Robotic da Vinci prostatectomy; Bladder removal with reconstruction In practice since 1994","Ask about treatment"],["Vladimir Yutkin","Hadassah Medical Center Jerusalem, Israel","Prostatectomy; Nephrectomy; Da Vinci Robotic System; Robotic da Vinci prostatectomy; Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP); Lumpectomy; Hysterectomy with DaVinci robot; Bladder removal In practice since 1996","Ask about treatment"],["Nir Kleinmann","Sheba Medical Center Ramat Gan, Israel","Prostatectomy; Nephrectomy; Da Vinci Robotic System; Robotic da Vinci prostatectomy; Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP); Bladder removal; Removal of testicle tumor; Bladder removal with reconstruction In practice since 2001","Ask about treatment"],["Dorit Zilberman","Sheba Medical Center Ramat Gan, Israel","Prostatectomy; Nephrectomy; Robotic da Vinci prostatectomy; Bladder removal; Bladder removal with reconstruction In practice since 2001","Ask about treatment"],["Jacob Ben-chaim","Sourasky Medical Center (Ichilov) Tel Aviv, Israel","Nephrectomy; Bladder removal with reconstruction In practice since 1986","Ask about treatment"],["Mario Sofer","Sourasky Medical Center (Ichilov) Tel Aviv, Israel","Nephrectomy In practice since 1987","Ask about treatment"]],[["Specialist","Clinic","Operations and experience","Ask about treatment"],["Ben Cchaim Jacob","Sourasky Medical Center (Ichilov) Tel Aviv, Israel","Nephrectomy; Bladder removal with reconstruction In practice since 1988","Ask about treatment"]],[["Specialist","Clinic","Operations and experience","Ask about treatment"],["Antonio Alcaraz","Hospital Quiron Barcelona Barcelona, Spain","Prostatectomy; Nephrectomy; Da Vinci Robotic System; Robotic da Vinci prostatectomy In practice since 1988","Ask about treatment"],["Josep Torremade Barreda","Centro Médico Teknon Barcelona, Spain","Nephrectomy; Robotic da Vinci prostatectomy; Bladder removal; Bladder removal with reconstruction In practice since 2008","Ask about treatment"],["Navarro Vilches","Quirónsalud Marbella Marbella, Spain","Prostatectomy; Nephrectomy; Robotic da Vinci prostatectomy; Bladder removal; Bladder removal with reconstruction In practice since 2012","Ask about treatment"],["Bruce Patrik Dos Santos Marcano","Hospital Quiron Barcelona Barcelona, Spain","Prostatectomy; Nephrectomy; Robotic da Vinci prostatectomy; Bladder removal In practice since 2010","Ask about treatment"],["Sven Jorg Petry","Quironsalud Torrevieja Alicante, Spain","Prostatectomy; Nephrectomy; Robotic da Vinci prostatectomy; Bladder removal; Bladder removal with reconstruction In practice since 2001","Ask about treatment"],["Antonio Alcaraz Asensio","Centro Médico Teknon Barcelona, Spain","Prostatectomy; Nephrectomy; Robotic da Vinci prostatectomy; Bladder removal; Bladder removal with reconstruction In practice since 1997","Ask about treatment"],["Xavier Centeno Fornies","Centro Médico Teknon Barcelona, Spain","Nephrectomy; Small intestine resection; Hysterectomy (uterus removal); Lumpectomy; Whipple surgery; Bladder removal; Colectomy (large bowel resection); Liver resection; Rectal resection; Removal of testicle tumor; Throat cancer operation; Gastroectomy; Pancreatic cancer surgery; Bladder removal with reconstruction In practice since 1994","Ask about treatment"],["Cesar Canales Bedoya","Hospital Ruber Internacional Madrid, Spain","Nephrectomy; Small intestine resection; Lumpectomy; Bladder removal; Colectomy (large bowel resection); Liver resection; Rectal resection; Gastroectomy In practice since 1950","Ask about treatment"]],[["Specialist","Clinic","Operations and experience","Ask about treatment"],["Jaroslav Tvaruzek","Robotic Surgery Center in St. Zdislava Hospital Velke Mezirici, Czech Republic","Thyroid resection; Removal of liver cancer; Removal of colon cancer; Nephrectomy; Stomach cancer surgery; Da Vinci Robotic System; Esophagectomy; Small intestine resection; Robotic da Vinci prostatectomy; Hysterectomy with DaVinci robot; Colectomy (large bowel resection); Liver resection; Rectal resection; Pancreatic cancer surgery In practice since 1990","Ask about treatment"],["Ivan Colombo","Robotic Surgery Center in St. Zdislava Hospital Velke Mezirici, Czech Republic","Robotic da Vinci prostatectomy; Bladder removal; Bladder removal with reconstruction","Ask about treatment"],["Jan Dolezel","Robotic Surgery Center in St. Zdislava Hospital Velke Mezirici, Czech Republic","Prostatectomy; Nephrectomy; Da Vinci Robotic System; Robotic da Vinci prostatectomy; Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) In practice since 1996","Ask about treatment"]],[["Specialist","Clinic","Operations and experience","Ask about treatment"],["Georg Shatzl","Wiener Privatklinik (WPK) Vienna, Austria","Prostatectomy; Nephrectomy In practice since 1993","Ask about treatment"]],[["Specialist","Clinic","Operations and experience","Ask about treatment"],["Viola Fox","Medical Center in Solingen Solingen, Germany","Mastectomy; Thyroid resection; Removal of liver cancer; Removal of colon cancer; Prostatectomy; Melanoma surgery; Stomach cancer surgery; Da Vinci Robotic System; Esophagectomy; Small intestine resection; Robotic da Vinci prostatectomy; Breast cancer surgery; Hysterectomy (uterus removal); Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy (HIPEC); Whipple surgery; Hysterectomy with DaVinci robot; Lung cancer surgery; Colectomy (large bowel resection); Liver resection; Removal of meningioma; Rectal resection; Removal of testicle tumor; Throat cancer operation; Tongue cancer surgery; Gastroectomy; Pancreatic cancer surgery; Bladder removal with reconstruction; Laparoscopic Hysterectomy In practice since 2012","Ask about treatment"],["Wolfgang Schröder","Helios Gesundheit Wuppertal, Germany","Removal of liver cancer; Removal of colon cancer; Nephrectomy; Stomach cancer surgery; Da Vinci Robotic System; Esophagectomy; Small intestine resection; Breast cancer surgery; Lumpectomy; Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy (HIPEC); Whipple surgery; Mohs microsurgery; Lung cancer surgery; Colectomy (large bowel resection); Liver resection; Rectal resection; Throat cancer operation; Gastroectomy; Pancreatic cancer surgery In practice since 2001","Ask about treatment"]],[["Specialist","Clinic","Operations and experience","Ask about treatment"],["George Tie","Ponderas Academic Hospital Bucharest, Romania","Prostatectomy; Nephrectomy; Robotic da Vinci prostatectomy; Bladder removal; Bladder removal with reconstruction In practice since 2012","Ask about treatment"]],[["Specialist","Clinic","Operations and experience","Ask about treatment"],["Dr Alejandro Lira","Hospital de la Familia Mexicali, Mexico","Prostatectomy; Orchiectomy; Bladder removal In practice since 2011","Ask about treatment"]],[["Specialist","Clinic","Operations and experience","Ask about treatment"],["Sohn Dong-wan","NAEUN HOSPITAL Incheon, Republic of Korea","Prostatectomy; Nephrectomy; Robotic da Vinci prostatectomy In practice since 1995","Ask about treatment"],["Heeseok Kang","Seoul Miz Hospital (서울미즈병원) Seoul, Republic of Korea","Nephrectomy; Hysterectomy (uterus removal); Hysterectomy with DaVinci robot; Laparoscopic Hysterectomy In practice since 1999","Ask about treatment"]]]},{"id":"programmes","title":"Programmes and prices","text":"Programmes and prices Robotic Surgery Center in St. Zdislava Hospital · 1 entries Quironsalud Madrid · 1 entries Intrarat Hospital · 1 entries Anadolu Medical Center · 1 entries Men's Health Clinics · 1 entries Sheba Medical Center · 2 entries Hospital de la Familia · 1 entries Memorial Göztepe Hospital · 7 entries Memorial Şişli Hospital · 7 entries Memorial Bahçelievler Hospital · 7 entries Sources (29) Robotic Nephrectomy with Da Vinci — Private Room & Transfer Included Nephrectomy, leading urologist Dr.Batista Bladder removal Consultations + surgery Prof.Dr.Barış Nuhoğlu- Cystectomy Advanced Bladder Cancer Treatment with Bladder removal & Reconstruction at Sheba Hospital Nephrectomy Surgery 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2026","What the programme includes Robot-Assisted Laparoscopic Radical Cystectomy with Continent Reservoir Included: Bladder removal with reconstruction Included: Transfer airport-hotel-clinic-airport Excluded: Airfare Excluded: Hotel Excluded: Additional activities not included Excluded: Accommodation is not included Stay: 5 days in the hospital Read the public programme source","Ask about treatment"],["Robot-Assisted Laparoscopic Cystectomy + Orthotopic Neobladder or Continent Diversion","Memorial Göztepe Hospital","USD 68660 Bookimed offer , Oct 2026","What the programme includes Robot-Assisted Laparoscopic Cystectomy + Orthotopic Neobladder or Continent Diversion Included: Bladder removal with reconstruction Included: Transfer airport-hotel-clinic-airport Excluded: Airfare Excluded: Hotel Excluded: Additional activities not included Excluded: Accommodation is not included Stay: 3 days in the hospital Read the public programme source","Ask about treatment"]],[["Public programme","Clinic","Recorded price","Programme details","Request a quote"],["Open Nephrectomy","Memorial Şişli Hospital","USD 16460 Bookimed offer , Oct 2026","What the programme includes Open Nephrectomy Included: Nephrectomy Included: Transfer airport-hotel-clinic-airport Excluded: Airfare Excluded: Hotel Excluded: Additional activities not included Excluded: Accommodation is not included Stay: 5 days in the hospital Read the public programme source","Ask about treatment"],["Radical (Open) Nephrectomy","Memorial Şişli Hospital","USD 20720 Bookimed offer , Oct 2026","What the programme includes Radical (Open) Nephrectomy Included: Nephrectomy Included: Transfer airport-hotel-clinic-airport Excluded: Airfare Excluded: Hotel Excluded: Additional activities not included Excluded: Accommodation is not included Stay: 4 days in the hospital Read the public programme source","Ask about treatment"],["Radical Cystectomy with Continent Reservoir","Memorial Şişli Hospital","USD 38760 Bookimed offer , Oct 2026","What the programme includes Radical Cystectomy with Continent Reservoir Included: Bladder removal with reconstruction Included: Transfer airport-hotel-clinic-airport Excluded: Airfare Excluded: Hotel Excluded: Additional activities not included Excluded: Accommodation is not included Stay: 5 days in the hospital Read the public programme source","Ask about treatment"],["Laparoscopic Radical Cystectomy with Continent Reservoir","Memorial Şişli Hospital","USD 55780 Bookimed offer , Oct 2026","What the programme includes Laparoscopic Radical Cystectomy with Continent Reservoir Included: Bladder removal with reconstruction Included: Transfer airport-hotel-clinic-airport Excluded: Airfare Excluded: Hotel Excluded: Additional activities not included Excluded: Accommodation is not included Stay: 5 days in the hospital Read the public programme source","Ask about treatment"],["Robot-Assisted Laparoscopic Cystectomy + Ileal Loop","Memorial Şişli Hospital","USD 59240 Bookimed offer , Oct 2026","What the programme includes Robot-Assisted Laparoscopic Cystectomy + Ileal Loop Included: Bladder removal with reconstruction Included: Transfer airport-hotel-clinic-airport Excluded: Airfare Excluded: Hotel Excluded: Additional activities not included Excluded: Accommodation is not included Stay: 7 days in the hospital Read the public programme source","Ask about treatment"],["Robot-Assisted Laparoscopic Radical Cystectomy with Continent Reservoir","Memorial Şişli Hospital","USD 60040 Bookimed offer , Oct 2026","What the programme includes Robot-Assisted Laparoscopic Radical Cystectomy with Continent Reservoir Included: Bladder removal with reconstruction Included: Transfer airport-hotel-clinic-airport Excluded: Airfare Excluded: Hotel Excluded: Additional activities not included Excluded: Accommodation is not included Stay: 5 days in the hospital Read the public programme source","Ask about treatment"],["Robot-Assisted Laparoscopic Cystectomy + Orthotopic Neobladder or Continent Diversion","Memorial Şişli Hospital","USD 68660 Bookimed offer , Oct 2026","What the programme includes Robot-Assisted Laparoscopic Cystectomy + Orthotopic Neobladder or Continent Diversion Included: Bladder removal with reconstruction Included: Transfer airport-hotel-clinic-airport Excluded: Airfare Excluded: Hotel Excluded: Additional activities not included Excluded: Accommodation is not included Stay: 3 days in the hospital Read the public programme source","Ask about treatment"]],[["Public programme","Clinic","Recorded price","Programme details","Request a quote"],["Open Nephrectomy","Memorial Bahçelievler Hospital","USD 16460 Bookimed offer , Oct 2026","What the programme includes Open Nephrectomy Included: Nephrectomy Included: Transfer airport-hotel-clinic-airport Excluded: Airfare Excluded: Hotel Excluded: Additional activities not included Excluded: Accommodation is not included Stay: 5 days in the hospital Read the public programme source","Ask about treatment"],["Radical (Open) Nephrectomy","Memorial Bahçelievler Hospital","USD 20720 Bookimed offer , Oct 2026","What the programme includes Radical (Open) Nephrectomy Included: Nephrectomy Included: Transfer airport-hotel-clinic-airport Excluded: Airfare Excluded: Hotel Excluded: Additional activities not included Excluded: Accommodation is not included Stay: 4 days in the hospital Read the public programme source","Ask about treatment"],["Radical Cystectomy with Continent Reservoir","Memorial Bahçelievler Hospital","USD 38760 Bookimed offer , Oct 2026","What the programme includes Radical Cystectomy with Continent Reservoir Included: Bladder removal with reconstruction Included: Transfer airport-hotel-clinic-airport Excluded: Airfare Excluded: Hotel Excluded: Additional activities not included Excluded: Accommodation is not included Stay: 5 days in the hospital Read the public programme source","Ask about treatment"],["Laparoscopic Radical Cystectomy with Continent Reservoir","Memorial Bahçelievler Hospital","USD 55780 Bookimed offer , Oct 2026","What the programme includes Laparoscopic Radical Cystectomy with Continent Reservoir Included: Bladder removal with reconstruction Included: Transfer airport-hotel-clinic-airport Excluded: Airfare Excluded: Hotel Excluded: Additional activities not included Excluded: Accommodation is not included Stay: 5 days in the hospital Read the public programme source","Ask about treatment"],["Robot-Assisted Laparoscopic Cystectomy + Ileal Loop","Memorial Bahçelievler Hospital","USD 59240 Bookimed offer , Oct 2026","What the programme includes Robot-Assisted Laparoscopic Cystectomy + Ileal Loop Included: Bladder removal with reconstruction Included: Transfer airport-hotel-clinic-airport Excluded: Airfare Excluded: Hotel Excluded: Additional activities not included Excluded: Accommodation is not included Stay: 7 days in the hospital Read the public programme source","Ask about treatment"],["Robot-Assisted Laparoscopic Radical Cystectomy with Continent Reservoir","Memorial Bahçelievler Hospital","USD 60040 Bookimed offer , Oct 2026","What the programme includes Robot-Assisted Laparoscopic Radical Cystectomy with Continent Reservoir Included: Bladder removal with reconstruction Included: Transfer airport-hotel-clinic-airport Excluded: Airfare Excluded: Hotel Excluded: Additional activities not included Excluded: Accommodation is not included Stay: 5 days in the hospital Read the public programme source","Ask about treatment"],["Robot-Assisted Laparoscopic Cystectomy + Orthotopic Neobladder or Continent Diversion","Memorial Bahçelievler Hospital","USD 68660 Bookimed offer , Oct 2026","What the programme includes Robot-Assisted Laparoscopic Cystectomy + Orthotopic Neobladder or Continent Diversion Included: Bladder removal with reconstruction Included: Transfer airport-hotel-clinic-airport Excluded: Airfare Excluded: Hotel Excluded: Additional activities not included Excluded: Accommodation is not included Stay: 3 days in the hospital Read the public programme source","Ask about treatment"]]]},{"id":"research","title":"References and further reading","text":"References and further reading Kidney_bladder surgery surgeons Comparative efficacy of cryoablation versus robot-assisted partial nephrectomy in the treatment of cT1 renal tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Long-term outcomes of cryoablation for biopsy-proven T1 stage renal cell carcinoma. Robot-assisted versus open radical cystectomy with extracorporeal urinary diversion for bladder cancer: a GRADE-assessed systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials with subgroup analyses by orthotopic neobladder utilisation. Impact of frailty on adverse outcomes after radical cystectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Upfront Versus Deferred Cytoreductive Nephrectomy in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Individual Patient Data Meta-analysis. Comparison of Immediate vs Deferred Cytoreductive Nephrectomy in Patients With Synchronous Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Receiving Sunitinib: The SURTIME Randomized Clinical Trial. Long-term Real-world Survival Outcomes with Dual Immune Checkpoint Blockade in Synchronous Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: Implications for the Design of Prospective Cytoreductive Nephrectomy Trials. The Comparison of Oncologic Outcomes between Open and Laparoscopic Radical Nephroureterectomy for the Treatment of Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma: A Korean Multicenter Collaborative Study. Efficacy and safety of laparoscopic versus robot-assisted partial nephrectomy for moderate-to-high complexity renal tumors (RANAL-NS ≥ 7): a systematic review and meta-analysis. Perioperative, functional, and oncologic outcomes of laparoscopic partial nephrectomy versus open partial nephrectomy for complex renal tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Comparison of outcomes between laparoscopic and robot-assisted partial nephrectomy for complex renal tumors: RENAL score ≥7 or maximum tumor size >4 cm. Robot-assisted, laparoscopic and open radical cystectomy for bladder cancer: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Robotic-assisted versus standard laparoscopic radical cystectomy in bladder cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Long-term Oncological Outcomes from an Early Phase Randomised Controlled Three-arm Trial of Open, Robotic, and Laparoscopic Radical Cystectomy (CORAL). Transperitoneal vs retroperitoneal laparoscopic radical nephrectomy: a double-arm, parallel-group randomized clinical trial. Standard Versus Extended Pelvic Lymphadenectomy in Patients With Bladder Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Standard or Extended Lymphadenectomy for Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer. Percutaneous Application of High Power Microwave Ablation With 150 W for the Treatment of Tumors in Lung, Liver, and Kidney: A Preliminary Experience. Utility of the RENAL Nephrometry Scoring System in Predicting Adverse Events and Outcomes of Percutaneous Microwave Ablation of Renal Tumors. Percutaneous Microwave Ablation versus Laparoscopic Partial Nephrectomy for cT1a Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Propensity-matched Cohort Study of 1955 Patients. Open versus minimally invasive nephroureterectomy in octogenarians: An analysis of surgical approach trends, outcomes, and survival analysis with propensity matching. Perioperative, functional and oncologic outcomes of percutaneous ablation versus minimally invasive partial nephrectomy for clinical T1 renal tumors: outcomes from a pooled analysis. Comparison between minimally invasive partial nephrectomy and open partial nephrectomy for complex renal tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Comparisons of survival and surgical outcomes between minimally invasive partial nephrectomy and radical nephrectomy in elderly patients with stage 1 renal cell carcinoma. Comparative outcomes of robot-assisted and open radical nephrectomy with inferior vena cava thrombectomy for renal cell carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Distal ureterectomy versus radical nephroureterectomy for nonmetastatic distal ureteral urothelial carcinoma: a GRADE-assessed systematic review and meta-analysis of comparative studies. The role of intravesical chemotherapy following nephroureterectomy in upper tract urothelial carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Oncologic and renal function outcomes of segmental ureterectomy vs. radical nephroureterectomy in upper tract urothelial carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Comparison of 1-Year Health Care Expenditures and Utilization Following Minimally Invasive vs Open Nephrectomy. Open versus robotic-assisted partial nephrectomy in patients with intermediate/high-complexity kidney tumours: final results of the randomised, controlled, open-label, multicentre trial OpeRa. Comparative Outcomes of Open Radical Cystectomy vs. Robot-Assisted Approaches with Intracorporeal and Extracorporeal Urinary Diversion: A Meta-Analysis and Network Meta-Analysis of Perioperative and Quality of Life Outcomes. Robot-assisted Radical Nephrectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Comparative Studies. Outcomes of Open Radical Nephrectomy for Advanced Renal Malignant Tumors in the Minimally Invasive Era: Findings From a Single Institution Over 17 Years. Survival outcomes in patients with muscle invasive bladder cancer undergoing radical vs. partial cystectomy. Comparison of the perioperative outcomes of robot-assisted laparoscopic transperitoneal versus retraperitoneal partial nephrectomy for posterior-lateral renal tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Percutaneous ablation versus robotic‑assisted partial nephrectomy for cT1 renal cell carcinoma: an evidence-based analysis of comparative outcomes. Extended versus standard lymph node dissection for urothelial carcinoma of the bladder in people undergoing radical cystectomy. Robotic Radical Nephrectomy with Vena Cava Thrombus Extraction (RRN-VCTE) for Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Meta-Analysis of Surgical Technique and Outcomes. Asystematic review and meta-analysis of clinical prognostic factors linked to extravesical recurrence after radical nephroureterectomy to treat upper tract urothelial carcinoma. Long-term outcomes of radiofrequency ablation vs. partial nephrectomy for cT1 renal cancer: A meta-analysis and systematic review. Oncologic Outcomes Following Partial Nephrectomy and Percutaneous Ablation for cT1 Renal Masses. Open Versus Robotic Cystectomy: A Propensity Score Matched Analysis Comparing Survival Outcomes. Robot-assisted nephroureterectomy: surgical and mid-term oncological outcomes in over 1100 patients (ROBUUST 2.0 collaborative group). Intracorporeal Versus Extracorporeal Urinary Diversion Following Robotic-Assisted Radical Cystectomy for Bladder Cancer in Patients ≥ 65 Years of Age: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. An updated systematic review, meta-analysis, and trial sequential analysis of the efficacy and safety of en bloc transurethral resection vs. conventional transurethral resection for nonmuscle-invasive bladder tumor. Repeat Transurethral Resection (TUR) + Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) Versus Upfront Induction BCG After TUR in High-risk Non-muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer: Feasibility Phase of a Randomized Controlled Study.","links":[{"label":"Kidney_bladder surgery surgeons","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/oncologic-surgery/surgeons-organ-kidney-bladder/"},{"label":"Comparative efficacy of cryoablation versus robot-assisted partial nephrectomy in the treatment of cT1 renal tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39285347/"},{"label":"Long-term outcomes of cryoablation for biopsy-proven T1 stage renal cell carcinoma.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36064369/"},{"label":"Robot-assisted versus open radical cystectomy with extracorporeal urinary diversion for bladder cancer: a GRADE-assessed systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials with subgroup analyses by orthotopic neobladder utilisation.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41486201/"},{"label":"Impact of frailty on adverse outcomes after radical cystectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41907642/"},{"label":"Upfront Versus Deferred Cytoreductive Nephrectomy in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Individual Patient Data Meta-analysis.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39289076/"},{"label":"Comparison of Immediate vs Deferred Cytoreductive Nephrectomy in Patients With Synchronous Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Receiving Sunitinib: The SURTIME Randomized Clinical Trial.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30543350/"},{"label":"Long-term Real-world Survival Outcomes with Dual Immune Checkpoint Blockade in Synchronous Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: Implications for the Design of Prospective Cytoreductive Nephrectomy Trials.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41536951/"},{"label":"The Comparison of Oncologic Outcomes between Open and Laparoscopic Radical Nephroureterectomy for the Treatment of Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma: A Korean Multicenter Collaborative Study.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29690748/"},{"label":"Efficacy and safety of laparoscopic versus robot-assisted partial nephrectomy for moderate-to-high complexity renal tumors (RANAL-NS ≥ 7): a systematic review and meta-analysis.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41741931/"},{"label":"Perioperative, functional, and oncologic outcomes of laparoscopic partial nephrectomy versus open partial nephrectomy for complex renal tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38273858/"},{"label":"Comparison of outcomes between laparoscopic and robot-assisted partial nephrectomy for complex renal tumors: RENAL score ≥7 or maximum tumor size >4 cm.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33439576/"},{"label":"Robot-assisted, laparoscopic and open radical cystectomy for bladder cancer: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39172861/"},{"label":"Robotic-assisted versus standard laparoscopic radical cystectomy in bladder cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36439450/"},{"label":"Long-term Oncological Outcomes from an Early Phase Randomised Controlled Three-arm Trial of Open, Robotic, and Laparoscopic Radical Cystectomy (CORAL).","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31740072/"},{"label":"Transperitoneal vs retroperitoneal laparoscopic radical nephrectomy: a double-arm, parallel-group randomized clinical trial.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38310213/"},{"label":"Standard Versus Extended Pelvic Lymphadenectomy in Patients With Bladder Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40256919/"},{"label":"Standard or Extended Lymphadenectomy for Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39589370/"},{"label":"Percutaneous Application of High Power Microwave Ablation With 150 W for the Treatment of Tumors in Lung, Liver, and Kidney: A Preliminary Experience.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37608585/"},{"label":"Utility of the RENAL Nephrometry Scoring System in Predicting Adverse Events and Outcomes of Percutaneous Microwave Ablation of Renal Tumors.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35311666/"},{"label":"Percutaneous Microwave Ablation versus Laparoscopic Partial Nephrectomy for cT1a Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Propensity-matched Cohort Study of 1955 Patients.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31961239/"},{"label":"Open versus minimally invasive nephroureterectomy in octogenarians: An analysis of surgical approach trends, outcomes, and survival analysis with propensity matching.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38631967/"},{"label":"Perioperative, functional and oncologic outcomes of percutaneous ablation versus minimally invasive partial nephrectomy for clinical T1 renal tumors: outcomes from a pooled analysis.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39105944/"},{"label":"Comparison between minimally invasive partial nephrectomy and open partial nephrectomy for complex renal tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37094827/"},{"label":"Comparisons of survival and surgical outcomes between minimally invasive partial nephrectomy and radical nephrectomy in elderly patients with stage 1 renal cell carcinoma.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38246656/"},{"label":"Comparative outcomes of robot-assisted and open radical nephrectomy with inferior vena cava thrombectomy for renal cell carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42624966/"},{"label":"Distal ureterectomy versus radical nephroureterectomy for nonmetastatic distal ureteral urothelial carcinoma: a GRADE-assessed systematic review and meta-analysis of comparative studies.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42216175/"},{"label":"The role of intravesical chemotherapy following nephroureterectomy in upper tract urothelial carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39592361/"},{"label":"Oncologic and renal function outcomes of segmental ureterectomy vs. radical nephroureterectomy in upper tract urothelial carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40514292/"},{"label":"Comparison of 1-Year Health Care Expenditures and Utilization Following Minimally Invasive vs Open Nephrectomy.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36112376/"},{"label":"Open versus robotic-assisted partial nephrectomy in patients with intermediate/high-complexity kidney tumours: final results of the randomised, controlled, open-label, multicentre trial OpeRa.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40250528/"},{"label":"Comparative Outcomes of Open Radical Cystectomy vs. Robot-Assisted Approaches with Intracorporeal and Extracorporeal Urinary Diversion: A Meta-Analysis and Network Meta-Analysis of Perioperative and Quality of Life Outcomes.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38673693/"},{"label":"Robot-assisted Radical Nephrectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Comparative Studies.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33218826/"},{"label":"Outcomes of Open Radical Nephrectomy for Advanced Renal Malignant Tumors in the Minimally Invasive Era: Findings From a Single Institution Over 17 Years.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40951012/"},{"label":"Survival outcomes in patients with muscle invasive bladder cancer undergoing radical vs. partial cystectomy.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37210247/"},{"label":"Comparison of the perioperative outcomes of robot-assisted laparoscopic transperitoneal versus retraperitoneal partial nephrectomy for posterior-lateral renal tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38683492/"},{"label":"Percutaneous ablation versus robotic‑assisted partial nephrectomy for cT1 renal cell carcinoma: an evidence-based analysis of comparative outcomes.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39078530/"},{"label":"Extended versus standard lymph node dissection for urothelial carcinoma of the bladder in people undergoing radical cystectomy.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42023708/"},{"label":"Robotic Radical Nephrectomy with Vena Cava Thrombus Extraction (RRN-VCTE) for Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Meta-Analysis of Surgical Technique and Outcomes.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38213481/"},{"label":"Asystematic review and meta-analysis of clinical prognostic factors linked to extravesical recurrence after radical nephroureterectomy to treat upper tract urothelial carcinoma.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39659789/"},{"label":"Long-term outcomes of radiofrequency ablation vs. partial nephrectomy for cT1 renal cancer: A meta-analysis and systematic review.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36684152/"},{"label":"Oncologic Outcomes Following Partial Nephrectomy and Percutaneous Ablation for cT1 Renal Masses.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31060824/"},{"label":"Open Versus Robotic Cystectomy: A Propensity Score Matched Analysis Comparing Survival Outcomes.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31395826/"},{"label":"Robot-assisted nephroureterectomy: surgical and mid-term oncological outcomes in over 1100 patients (ROBUUST 2.0 collaborative group).","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39263834/"},{"label":"Intracorporeal Versus Extracorporeal Urinary Diversion Following Robotic-Assisted Radical Cystectomy for Bladder Cancer in Patients ≥ 65 Years of Age: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40046383/"},{"label":"An updated systematic review, meta-analysis, and trial sequential analysis of the efficacy and safety of en bloc transurethral resection vs. conventional transurethral resection for nonmuscle-invasive bladder tumor.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39927777/"},{"label":"Repeat Transurethral Resection (TUR) + Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) Versus Upfront Induction BCG After TUR in High-risk Non-muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer: Feasibility Phase of a Randomized Controlled Study.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37923633/"}]},{"id":"request","title":"Request a treatment proposal","text":"Request a treatment proposal Share your diagnosis and reports through the Bookimed request form.","links":[]},{"id":"request-form","title":"Ask about treatment","text":"Ask about treatment What would you like help with? Answer a few questions on Bookimed, then add your contact details to request help. Privacy policy Open the Bookimed request form","links":[{"label":"Privacy policy","url":"https://us-uk.bookimed.com/page/privacy-policy/"}]}],"introduction":"Oncologic surgery guide / kidney_bladder Decision guide kidney_bladder For kidney cancer, partial nephrectomy preserves part of the kidney, whereas radical nephrectomy removes the whole kidney. Research project led by Yevhenii Kozlov · Co-Founder of Bookimed Updated 21 October 2026 Sources linked throughout","related_documents":[{"id":"oncologic-surgery","title":"Oncologic surgery: explore care by organ","kind":"home","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/oncologic-surgery/","json_url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/oncologic-surgery/page-contexts/oncologic-surgery.json"},{"id":"surgeon-bookimed-10906","title":"Eyup Veli Kucuk","kind":"doctor-profile","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/oncologic-surgery/surgeon-bookimed-10906/","json_url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/oncologic-surgery/surgeon-bookimed-10906/#page-context"},{"id":"surgeon-bookimed-9533","title":"Murat Savas","kind":"doctor-profile","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/oncologic-surgery/surgeon-bookimed-9533/","json_url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/oncologic-surgery/surgeon-bookimed-9533/#page-context"},{"id":"surgeon-bookimed-9003","title":"Abdulmuttalip 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