{"schema_version":"bookimed.page-context.v1","id":"minimally-invasive","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/minimally-invasive/","json_url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/wp-content/uploads/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/pages/minimally-invasive.json","index_url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/wp-content/uploads/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/pages/index.json","full_dataset_url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/wp-content/uploads/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/content.json","content_revision":"source-driven-rankings-20261008","date_modified":"2026-10-08","language":"en","kind":"guide","title":"Minimally invasive and robotic heart surgery","summary":"Smaller chest incisions can preserve the breastbone and reduce the initial recovery burden for selected operations. The benefit depends on the procedure: a smaller scar does not by itself mean a more durable repair or a faster return to full fitness.","research_credit":{"name":"Yevhenii Kozlov","role":"Co-Founder of Bookimed","url":"https://us-uk.bookimed.com/ceo/kozlov/","contribution":"Research personally prepared and reviewed","assistance":"AI tools assisted source research."},"editorial_scope":"Source-based patient information; an individual treatment plan requires clinical review.","research_method":"How this guide is researched and compared Research project led by Yevhenii Kozlov . We link clinical guidance, primary studies and named hospital or offer sources beside the relevant statements. Comparisons distinguish individual operators from programme results and preserve the study population, follow-up and limitations. Prices are dated examples with their stated scope. Research and editorial preparation are separate from clinical review; no named clinician has medically reviewed this edition. Bookimed provides care coordination. Partner and reference programmes are identified from their sources; paid ordering is not used in our published-cohort comparison. Read the editorial policy .","key_takeaways":[{"label":"5 versus 6 hospital days","text":"The UK Mini Mitral trial compared 330 adults having degenerative mitral repair through minithoracotomy or sternotomy.","sources":["C05"]},{"label":"12-week function was not superior","text":"The same trial did not show superiority in its main physical-function measure. Discharge and full recovery are different outcomes.","sources":["C05"]},{"label":"Robotic means surgeon-controlled","text":"A robot assists the surgeon’s instruments. A heart-lung machine may still be used, and a larger incision may be needed for safety.","sources":["C06"]}],"benefits":[{"text":"Potential gains include a smaller scar and less initial disruption. MIST also found better one-month physical-recovery scores after small-thoracotomy CABG in selected patients.","sources":["C06","cabg-mist170"]}],"limitations":[{"text":"Limited access must still allow the complete operation. Major cardiac-surgery risks remain, and the method may be unsuitable for some anatomy or combined procedures.","sources":["C06"]}],"sections":[{"id":"benefit-balance","title":"Benefits and trade-offs","text":"Benefits and trade-offs Potential advantages Potential gains include a smaller scar and less initial disruption. MIST also found better one-month physical-recovery scores after small-thoracotomy CABG in selected patients. Sources: Mayo Clinic: minimally invasive surgery · Multivessel coronary artery bypass grafting via small thoracotomy versus sternotomy (MIST): an investigator-initiated, international, open-label, randomised controlled trial Trade-offs and limits Limited access must still allow the complete operation. Major cardiac-surgery risks remain, and the method may be unsuitable for some anatomy or combined procedures. Sources: Mayo Clinic: minimally invasive surgery","links":[{"label":"Mayo Clinic: minimally invasive surgery","url":"https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/minimally-invasive-heart-surgery/about/pac-20384895"},{"label":"Multivessel coronary artery bypass grafting via small thoracotomy versus sternotomy (MIST): an investigator-initiated, international, open-label, randomised controlled trial","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42537680/"},{"label":"Mayo Clinic: minimally invasive surgery","url":"https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/minimally-invasive-heart-surgery/about/pac-20384895"}]},{"id":"approaches","title":"Open, minimally invasive, robotic and catheter approaches","text":"Open, minimally invasive, robotic and catheter approaches Approach Potential advantage Important limit Sternotomy Broad access for cardiac work and combined procedures The breastbone is divided and requires healing Mini-sternotomy More limited breastbone opening Still involves bone healing and does not suit every procedure Minithoracotomy Access between the ribs without a full breastbone opening Anatomy, exposure and associated procedures determine feasibility Robot-assisted surgery Surgeon-controlled precision instruments through limited chest access Depends on a trained team and a suitable operative plan Catheter treatment Reaches the treatment site through blood vessels Treats selected conditions; it is not a substitute for every surgical repair AI-generated schematic, not an operative plan. Sites vary by procedure. Tap to enlarge. The descriptions above and the linked clinical sources provide the full explanation. Sources: Mayo Clinic: minimally invasive surgery · ESC/EACTS valve guidance (2025) Open-heart surgery ↗","links":[{"label":"","url":"https://hub.bookimed.comhttps://hub.bookimed.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/surgical-access-1024x683.png"},{"label":"Mayo Clinic: minimally invasive surgery","url":"https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/minimally-invasive-heart-surgery/about/pac-20384895"},{"label":"ESC/EACTS valve guidance (2025)","url":"https://www.escardio.org/news/news-room/congress-news/2025-guidelines-valvular-heart-disease/"},{"label":"Open-heart surgery ↗","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/open-heart-surgery/"}],"tables":[[["Approach","Potential advantage","Important limit"],["Sternotomy","Broad access for cardiac work and combined procedures","The breastbone is divided and requires healing"],["Mini-sternotomy","More limited breastbone opening","Still involves bone healing and does not suit every procedure"],["Minithoracotomy","Access between the ribs without a full breastbone opening","Anatomy, exposure and associated procedures determine feasibility"],["Robot-assisted surgery","Surgeon-controlled precision instruments through limited chest access","Depends on a trained team and a suitable operative plan"],["Catheter treatment","Reaches the treatment site through blood vessels","Treats selected conditions; it is not a substitute for every surgical repair"]]]},{"id":"evidence","title":"Mitral repair: what a randomized trial found about recovery","text":"Mitral repair: what a randomized trial found about recovery The UK Mini Mitral randomized trial enrolled 330 adults undergoing repair for degenerative mitral regurgitation at 10 UK centres. Expert surgeons performed either minithoracotomy or conventional sternotomy. Median hospital stay was five versus six days. The trial did not find superiority for the primary measure of physical function at 12 weeks. These results describe mitral repair in this study; they are not a comparison of every robotic operation or every surgeon. UK Mini Mitral randomized trial · 330 adults 5 days · minithoracotomy 6 days · sternotomy Median postoperative hospital stay. The primary physical-function outcome at 12 weeks did not show superiority for minithoracotomy. Degenerative mitral repair, performed by expert surgeons. Sources: UK Mini Mitral trial · JAMA (2023) TAVI or valve surgery ↗","links":[{"label":"UK Mini Mitral trial · JAMA (2023)","url":"https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2805908"},{"label":"TAVI or valve surgery ↗","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/tavi-vs-surgical-valve-replacement/"}]},{"id":"benefits","title":"Benefits, risks and possible conversion to open surgery","text":"Benefits, risks and possible conversion to open surgery Smaller access can reduce scarring and selected early recovery burdens. In the mitral trial, the measurable gain was one fewer median hospital day; the primary 12-week functional result was not superior. Heart-lung support may still be needed. A larger incision can become necessary for exposure or safety, and major cardiac-surgery risks remain. Sources: UK Mini Mitral trial · JAMA (2023) · Mayo Clinic: minimally invasive surgery","links":[{"label":"UK Mini Mitral trial · JAMA (2023)","url":"https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2805908"},{"label":"Mayo Clinic: minimally invasive surgery","url":"https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/minimally-invasive-heart-surgery/about/pac-20384895"}]},{"id":"questions","title":"What makes smaller access feasible","text":"What makes smaller access feasible The procedure must remain complete through the chosen access. Imaging defines the structures to treat and whether the route provides enough exposure. An isolated operation may be suitable for an access route that cannot accommodate combined valve, aortic or coronary work. The need for heart-lung support is separate from incision size. Conversion to sternotomy is a safety option, not a second unrelated treatment. Sources: Mayo Clinic: minimally invasive surgery","links":[{"label":"Mayo Clinic: minimally invasive surgery","url":"https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/minimally-invasive-heart-surgery/about/pac-20384895"}]},{"id":"match","title":"Different approaches for CABG, valve disease and HCM","text":"Different approaches for CABG, valve disease and HCM The important correction differs by diagnosis: CABG must revascularize the required coronary territories; mitral surgery must provide a durable repair or replacement; HCM surgery must relieve the relevant obstruction and any contributing mitral abnormalities. An access technique does not replace those goals. Sources: ACC revascularization guidance (2021) · ESC/EACTS valve guidance (2025) · AHA/ACC HCM guidance (2024) Coronary bypass ↗ Heart valves ↗ HCM & myectomy ↗","links":[{"label":"ACC revascularization guidance (2021)","url":"https://www.acc.org/Latest-in-Cardiology/Articles/2022/10/31/13/02/Key-Takeaways-From-the-2021-Coronary-Revascularization-Guidelines"},{"label":"ESC/EACTS valve guidance (2025)","url":"https://www.escardio.org/news/news-room/congress-news/2025-guidelines-valvular-heart-disease/"},{"label":"AHA/ACC HCM guidance (2024)","url":"https://www.acc.org/Latest-in-Cardiology/ten-points-to-remember/2024/05/06/15/12/2024-hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy-gl"},{"label":"Coronary bypass ↗","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/coronary-bypass/"},{"label":"Heart valves ↗","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/heart-valve-surgery/"},{"label":"HCM & myectomy ↗","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/hcm-myectomy/"}]},{"id":"costs","title":"Price includes more than an access technique","text":"Price includes more than an access technique Hisar advertises a $20,000 robotic CABG package with seven hospital days. Cui’s HCM programme has a $25,000–40,000 estimated programme cost. These are different operations, not two prices for the same treatment. Hospital allowances, additional ICU days and unplanned procedures can affect the total. A package’s hotel duration does not establish fitness to fly. Sources: Hisar robotic CABG — advertised Bookimed package · NHS: valve recovery Costs & quotes ↗ Recovery ↗","links":[{"label":"Hisar robotic CABG — advertised Bookimed package","url":"https://us-uk.bookimed.com/offer-procedure/6aacf48bc98b110b12099012/"},{"label":"NHS: valve recovery","url":"https://www.nhs.uk/tests-and-treatments/heart-valve-replacement/recovery/"},{"label":"Costs & quotes ↗","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/cost/"},{"label":"Recovery ↗","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/recovery/"}]},{"id":"matching-specialists","title":"Specialists for this treatment pathway","text":"Specialists for this treatment pathway Explore each specialist’s clinical focus, current programme and the studies relevant to this treatment. The listed roles include cardiac surgeons and, where appropriate, interventional cardiologists. Portrait source ↗ Gebze, Kocaeli (Istanbul region) · Turkey cardiac surgeon Haşim Üstünsoy → Üstünsoy’s institutional profile includes minimally invasive and robotic cardiovascular surgery. Anadolu Medical Center → Sources: Prof. Haşim Üstünsoy | Anadolu Medical Center · Robotic Surgery — Anadolu Medical Center View expertise and research → Portrait source ↗ Istanbul · Turkey cardiac surgeon Ali Fedakar → Fedakar lists minimally invasive heart surgery and beating-heart coronary bypass among his interests. Hisar Hospital Intercontinental → Sources: Prof. Dr. Ali Fedakar, M.D. | Hisar Intercontinental Hospital View expertise and research → Portrait source ↗ Gurugram · India cardiac surgeon Naresh Trehan → Trehan’s clinical listing includes minimally invasive and robotically assisted cardiac surgery. Medanta → Sources: Cardiac Surgery Experts in Gurugram — Medanta View expertise and research → Portrait source ↗ London · United Kingdom cardiac surgeon Ulrich Rosendahl → Rosendahl lists minimally invasive cardiac surgery alongside coronary, valve and aortic reconstruction. Royal Brompton Hospital → Sources: Mr Ulrich Rosendahl | Royal Brompton & Harefield hospitals · Ulrich Rosendahl — clinical expertise and Royal Brompton location View expertise and research → Portrait source ↗ Cleveland, Ohio · United States cardiac surgeon A. Marc Gillinov → Gillinov practises robotic mitral surgery at Cleveland Clinic. Cleveland Clinic → Sources: A. Marc Gillinov, MD | Cleveland Clinic · Early results of robotically assisted mitral valve surgery: Analysis of the first 1000 cases View expertise and research → Portrait source ↗ Hangzhou · China cardiac surgeon Yong Cui → Cui’s published myectomy approaches reach the heart through an incision near the right armpit. Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital → Sources: An innovative minimally invasive approach for HOCM: transaortic septal myectomy via right infra-axillary incision · Minimally Invasive Electro Septal Myectomy for HOCM Through a Right Infra-Axillary Incision View expertise and research → Browse the full specialist directory →","links":[{"label":"Portrait source ↗","url":"https://www.anadolumedicalcenter.com/doctor/hasim-ustunsoy"},{"label":"Haşim Üstünsoy →","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/doctor-hasim-ustunsoy/"},{"label":"Anadolu Medical Center →","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/clinic-anadolu/"},{"label":"Prof. Haşim Üstünsoy | Anadolu Medical Center","url":"https://www.anadolumedicalcenter.com/doctor/hasim-ustunsoy"},{"label":"Robotic Surgery — Anadolu Medical Center","url":"https://www.anadolumedicalcenter.com/medical-technology/robotik-cerrahi"},{"label":"View expertise and research →","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/doctor-hasim-ustunsoy/"},{"label":"Portrait source ↗","url":"https://hisarhospital.com/en/doctor/prof-ali-fedakar-m-d/"},{"label":"Ali Fedakar →","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/doctor-ali-fedakar/"},{"label":"Hisar Hospital Intercontinental →","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/clinic-hisar/"},{"label":"Prof. Dr. Ali Fedakar, M.D. | Hisar Intercontinental Hospital","url":"https://hisarhospital.com/en/doctor/prof-ali-fedakar-m-d/"},{"label":"View expertise and research →","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/doctor-ali-fedakar/"},{"label":"Portrait source ↗","url":"https://www.medanta.org/hospitals-near-me/south-delhi/speciality/cardiology/doctor/dr-naresh-trehan"},{"label":"Naresh Trehan →","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/doctor-naresh-trehan/"},{"label":"Medanta →","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/clinic-medanta/"},{"label":"Cardiac Surgery Experts in Gurugram — Medanta","url":"https://www.medanta.org/doctor-listing/cardiac-surgery-doctors-in-gurugram?page=1"},{"label":"View expertise and research →","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/doctor-naresh-trehan/"},{"label":"Portrait source ↗","url":"https://www.rbht.nhs.uk/specialists/mr-ulrich-rosendahl"},{"label":"Ulrich Rosendahl →","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/doctor-ulrich-rosendahl/"},{"label":"Royal Brompton Hospital →","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/clinic-rbht/"},{"label":"Mr Ulrich Rosendahl | Royal Brompton & Harefield hospitals","url":"https://www.rbht.nhs.uk/specialists/mr-ulrich-rosendahl"},{"label":"Ulrich Rosendahl — clinical expertise and Royal Brompton location","url":"https://guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk/specialists/ulrich-rosendahl/"},{"label":"View expertise and research →","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/doctor-ulrich-rosendahl/"},{"label":"Portrait source ↗","url":"https://providers.clevelandclinic.org/provider/a-marc-gillinov/4268438"},{"label":"A. Marc Gillinov →","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/doctor-marc-gillinov/"},{"label":"Cleveland Clinic →","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/clinic-cleveland/"},{"label":"A. Marc Gillinov, MD | Cleveland Clinic","url":"https://providers.clevelandclinic.org/provider/a-marc-gillinov/4268438"},{"label":"Early results of robotically assisted mitral valve surgery: Analysis of the first 1000 cases","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28893396/"},{"label":"View expertise and research →","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/doctor-marc-gillinov/"},{"label":"Portrait source ↗","url":"https://dryongcuiheartsurgery.com/"},{"label":"Yong Cui →","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/doctor-yong-cui/"},{"label":"Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital →","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/clinic-zhejiang/"},{"label":"An innovative minimally invasive approach for HOCM: transaortic septal myectomy via right infra-axillary incision","url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11632347/"},{"label":"Minimally Invasive Electro Septal Myectomy for HOCM Through a Right Infra-Axillary Incision","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2025.09.023"},{"label":"View expertise and research →","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/doctor-yong-cui/"},{"label":"Browse the full specialist directory →","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/minimally-invasive-heart-surgery-surgeons/"}]},{"id":"treatment-programmes","title":"Compare complete treatment programmes","text":"Compare complete treatment programmes Hangzhou, China Yong Cui · HCM surgery ↗ Yong Cui Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital A 4–5 cm underarm incision keeps the breastbone intact: no divided breastbone to heal while you rebuild walking and everyday activity. $25,000–40,000 estimated cost USD · estimated programme range · updated 8 October 2026. Published 100-patient MESM series; separate 132-patient mid-cavity conference report and earlier 148-patient modified-Morrow study. See method, care and package ↗ Cleveland, United States Nicholas Smedira · complex HCM surgery ↗ Nicholas Smedira Cleveland Clinic HCM Center Specialist HCM imaging and myectomy that can also correct mitral-leaflet or papillary-muscle causes of obstruction. Quote on request Individual estimate after assessment. A historical series of 1,559 LVOT operations, including 1,530 myectomies and 522 myectomies with mitral or subvalvular intervention. See method, care and package ↗ New York, United States NYU HCM team · anatomy and access choices ↗ Daniel Swistel · Joshua Scheinerman NYU Langone Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Program An HCM team that treats septal and mitral causes of obstruction, with conventional and selected robotic surgical approaches. Quote on request Individual estimate after assessment. NYU reports more than 600 myectomies at programme level. Supporting method evidence includes a historical 77-patient anatomy study and a separate first robotic case report. See method, care and package ↗ Istanbul, Turkey Faruk Gencoglu · robotic bypass ↗ Faruk Gençoğlu Hisar Hospital Intercontinental An advertised $20,000 robotic bypass package with preoperative tests, nursing, seven hospital days, hotel accommodation and transfers. $20,000 advertised package USD · advertised offer checked 8 October 2026. An advertised named-surgeon package with explicit medical and travel services; no package-specific robotic CABG outcomes are supplied. See method, care and package ↗ Barcelona, Spain Xavier Ruyra · CABG in Barcelona ↗ Xavier Ruyra Baliarda Centro Médico Teknon CABG with a named cardiac surgeon, preoperative specialist consultations, an individual room and five hospital days in the advertised package. $41,411.97 advertised package USD · observed 8 October 2026; individual quote required. A named-surgeon CABG offer with defined medical inclusions. It supplies no package-specific outcomes cohort or comparative access-route results. See method, care and package ↗ Treatment programmes ↗","links":[{"label":"Yong Cui · HCM surgery ↗","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/programme-cui-hcm/"},{"label":"See method, care and package ↗","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/programme-cui-hcm/"},{"label":"Nicholas Smedira · complex HCM surgery ↗","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/programme-cleveland-hcm/"},{"label":"See method, care and package ↗","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/programme-cleveland-hcm/"},{"label":"NYU HCM team · anatomy and access choices ↗","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/programme-nyu-hcm/"},{"label":"See method, care and package ↗","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/programme-nyu-hcm/"},{"label":"Faruk Gencoglu · robotic bypass ↗","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/programme-hisar-cabg/"},{"label":"See method, care and package ↗","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/programme-hisar-cabg/"},{"label":"Xavier Ruyra · CABG in Barcelona ↗","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/programme-teknon-cabg/"},{"label":"See method, care and package ↗","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/programme-teknon-cabg/"},{"label":"Treatment programmes ↗","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/treatment-programmes/"}]}],"introduction":"Heart surgery guide / Minimally invasive Minimally invasive · Decision guide Minimally invasive and robotic heart surgery See what minimally invasive and robotic heart surgery actually mean. Research by Yevhenii Kozlov · Co-Founder of Bookimed Updated 8 October 2026 Sources linked throughout At a glance Smaller chest incisions can preserve the breastbone and reduce the initial recovery burden for selected operations. The benefit depends on the procedure: a smaller scar does not by itself mean a more durable repair or a faster return to full fitness. 5 versus 6 hospital days The UK Mini Mitral trial compared 330 adults having degenerative mitral repair through minithoracotomy or sternotomy. Sources: UK Mini Mitral trial · JAMA (2023) 12-week function was not superior The same trial did not show superiority in its main physical-function measure. Discharge and full recovery are different outcomes. Sources: UK Mini Mitral trial · JAMA (2023) Robotic means surgeon-controlled A robot assists the surgeon’s instruments. A heart-lung machine may still be used, and a larger incision may be needed for safety. Sources: Mayo Clinic: minimally invasive surgery","related_documents":[{"id":"heart-surgery","title":"Heart surgery abroad: treatments, clinics and costs","kind":"home","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/","json_url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/wp-content/uploads/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/pages/heart-surgery.json"},{"id":"coronary-bypass","title":"Coronary bypass surgery (CABG): options, teams and recovery","kind":"guide","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/coronary-bypass/","json_url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/wp-content/uploads/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/pages/coronary-bypass.json"},{"id":"heart-valve-surgery","title":"Heart valve surgery: repair, replacement and catheter options","kind":"guide","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/heart-valve-surgery/","json_url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/wp-content/uploads/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/pages/heart-valve-surgery.json"},{"id":"hcm-myectomy","title":"Septal myectomy for obstructive HCM: compare treatment options","kind":"guide","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/hcm-myectomy/","json_url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/wp-content/uploads/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/pages/hcm-myectomy.json"},{"id":"clinics","title":"Heart surgery clinics: compare techniques and specialist teams","kind":"directory","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/clinics/","json_url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/wp-content/uploads/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/pages/clinics.json"},{"id":"cost","title":"Heart surgery costs: valve surgery and CABG quotes","kind":"guide","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/cost/","json_url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/wp-content/uploads/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/pages/cost.json"},{"id":"recovery","title":"Recovery after heart surgery: hospital, home and travel","kind":"guide","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/recovery/","json_url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/wp-content/uploads/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/pages/recovery.json"},{"id":"second-opinion","title":"Prepare for a heart surgery second opinion","kind":"inquiry","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/second-opinion/","json_url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/wp-content/uploads/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/pages/second-opinion.json"},{"id":"open-heart-surgery","title":"Open-heart surgery and sternotomy: procedures, alternatives and recovery","kind":"guide","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/open-heart-surgery/","json_url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/wp-content/uploads/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/pages/open-heart-surgery.json"},{"id":"tavi-vs-surgical-valve-replacement","title":"TAVI vs surgical aortic valve replacement: suitability, risks and lifetime planning","kind":"guide","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/tavi-vs-surgical-valve-replacement/","json_url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/wp-content/uploads/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/pages/tavi-vs-surgical-valve-replacement.json"},{"id":"doctor-hasim-ustunsoy","title":"Haşim Üstünsoy: Coronary bypass specialist","kind":"doctor-profile","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/doctor-hasim-ustunsoy/","json_url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/wp-content/uploads/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/pages/doctor-hasim-ustunsoy.json"},{"id":"doctor-ali-fedakar","title":"Ali Fedakar: Coronary bypass specialist","kind":"doctor-profile","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/doctor-ali-fedakar/","json_url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/wp-content/uploads/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/pages/doctor-ali-fedakar.json"},{"id":"doctor-naresh-trehan","title":"Naresh Trehan: Coronary bypass specialist","kind":"doctor-profile","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/doctor-naresh-trehan/","json_url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/wp-content/uploads/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/pages/doctor-naresh-trehan.json"},{"id":"doctor-ulrich-rosendahl","title":"Ulrich Rosendahl: Coronary bypass specialist","kind":"doctor-profile","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/doctor-ulrich-rosendahl/","json_url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/wp-content/uploads/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/pages/doctor-ulrich-rosendahl.json"},{"id":"doctor-marc-gillinov","title":"A. Marc Gillinov: Mitral repair specialist","kind":"doctor-profile","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/doctor-marc-gillinov/","json_url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/wp-content/uploads/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/pages/doctor-marc-gillinov.json"},{"id":"doctor-yong-cui","title":"Yong Cui: septal myectomy and minimally invasive HCM surgery","kind":"doctor-profile","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/doctor-yong-cui/","json_url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/wp-content/uploads/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/pages/doctor-yong-cui.json"},{"id":"clinic-anadolu","title":"Anadolu Medical Center: heart surgery expertise","kind":"clinic-profile","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/clinic-anadolu/","json_url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/wp-content/uploads/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/pages/clinic-anadolu.json"},{"id":"clinic-hisar","title":"Hisar Hospital Intercontinental: heart surgery expertise","kind":"clinic-profile","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/clinic-hisar/","json_url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/wp-content/uploads/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/pages/clinic-hisar.json"},{"id":"clinic-medanta","title":"Medanta: heart surgery expertise","kind":"clinic-profile","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/clinic-medanta/","json_url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/wp-content/uploads/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/pages/clinic-medanta.json"},{"id":"clinic-rbht","title":"Royal Brompton Hospital: heart surgery expertise","kind":"clinic-profile","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/clinic-rbht/","json_url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/wp-content/uploads/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/pages/clinic-rbht.json"},{"id":"clinic-cleveland","title":"Cleveland Clinic: heart surgery expertise","kind":"clinic-profile","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/clinic-cleveland/","json_url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/wp-content/uploads/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/pages/clinic-cleveland.json"},{"id":"clinic-zhejiang","title":"Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital: heart surgery expertise","kind":"clinic-profile","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/clinic-zhejiang/","json_url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/wp-content/uploads/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/pages/clinic-zhejiang.json"},{"id":"minimally-invasive-heart-surgery-surgeons","title":"Minimally invasive and robotic heart surgeons","kind":"specialist-directory","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/minimally-invasive-heart-surgery-surgeons/","json_url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/wp-content/uploads/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/pages/minimally-invasive-heart-surgery-surgeons.json"},{"id":"treatment-programmes","title":"Heart surgery treatment programmes: doctors, packages and costs","kind":"treatment-listing","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/treatment-programmes/","json_url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/wp-content/uploads/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/pages/treatment-programmes.json"},{"id":"programme-cui-hcm","title":"HCM surgery with Yong Cui: breastbone-sparing, $25,000–40,000","kind":"treatment-programme","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/programme-cui-hcm/","json_url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/wp-content/uploads/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/pages/programme-cui-hcm.json"},{"id":"programme-cleveland-hcm","title":"Nicholas Smedira at Cleveland Clinic: HCM myectomy, care and cost","kind":"treatment-programme","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/programme-cleveland-hcm/","json_url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/wp-content/uploads/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/pages/programme-cleveland-hcm.json"},{"id":"programme-nyu-hcm","title":"NYU HCM surgery: mitral-preserving and robotic myectomy programmes","kind":"treatment-programme","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/programme-nyu-hcm/","json_url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/wp-content/uploads/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/pages/programme-nyu-hcm.json"},{"id":"programme-hisar-cabg","title":"Hisar robotic coronary bypass package: surgeon, care and $20,000 price","kind":"treatment-programme","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/programme-hisar-cabg/","json_url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/wp-content/uploads/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/pages/programme-hisar-cabg.json"},{"id":"programme-teknon-cabg","title":"Xavier Ruyra at Teknon: coronary bypass package and cost","kind":"treatment-programme","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/programme-teknon-cabg/","json_url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/wp-content/uploads/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/pages/programme-teknon-cabg.json"}],"sources":{"C01":{"id":"C01","title":"Key Takeaways From the 2021 Coronary Revascularization Guidelines","url":"https://www.acc.org/Latest-in-Cardiology/Articles/2022/10/31/13/02/Key-Takeaways-From-the-2021-Coronary-Revascularization-Guidelines","publisher":"American College of Cardiology","published":"2022-10-31","read_at":"2026-10-07","source_type":"Professional society expert analysis of guideline"},"C03":{"id":"C03","title":"2025 ESC/EACTS Guidelines for the management of valvular heart disease","url":"https://www.escardio.org/news/news-room/congress-news/2025-guidelines-valvular-heart-disease/","publisher":"European Society of Cardiology","published":"2025","read_at":"2026-10-07","source_type":"Official guideline release overview"},"C05":{"id":"C05","title":"Minithoracotomy vs Conventional Sternotomy for Mitral Valve Repair: A Randomized Clinical Trial","url":"https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2805908","publisher":"JAMA","published":"2023-06-13","read_at":"2026-10-08","source_type":"Primary randomized clinical trial; saved article excerpts","body_access":"saved_primary_article_excerpts","support_location":"Methods/Results; Primary Outcome; Table 3; postoperative length of stay"},"C06":{"id":"C06","title":"Minimally invasive heart surgery","url":"https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/minimally-invasive-heart-surgery/about/pac-20384895","publisher":"Mayo Clinic","published":"2025-12-30","read_at":"2026-10-08","source_type":"Hospital patient information","body_access":"full_public_page_read","support_location":"Overview; Why it is done; Risks; During; Robot-assisted heart surgery"},"C08":{"id":"C08","title":"Recovering from a heart valve replacement","url":"https://www.nhs.uk/tests-and-treatments/heart-valve-replacement/recovery/","publisher":"NHS","published":"2025-07-17 (review)","read_at":"2026-10-08","source_type":"National health service patient information","body_access":"full_public_page_read","support_location":"How to recover; Recovering in hospital; Recovering at home"},"C10":{"id":"C10","title":"2024 AHA/ACC/Multisociety Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Guideline: Key Points","url":"https://www.acc.org/Latest-in-Cardiology/ten-points-to-remember/2024/05/06/15/12/2024-hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy-gl","publisher":"American College of Cardiology","published":"2024-05-08","read_at":"2026-10-07","source_type":"Professional society guideline summary"},"anadolu-profile":{"id":"anadolu-profile","title":"Prof. Haşim Üstünsoy | Anadolu Medical Center","url":"https://www.anadolumedicalcenter.com/doctor/hasim-ustunsoy","read_at":"2026-10-07","source_type":"official_hospital"},"hisar-profile":{"id":"hisar-profile","title":"Prof. Dr. Ali Fedakar, M.D. | Hisar Intercontinental Hospital","url":"https://hisarhospital.com/en/doctor/prof-ali-fedakar-m-d/","read_at":"2026-10-07","source_type":"official_hospital"},"medanta-profile":{"id":"medanta-profile","title":"Dr. Naresh Trehan | Medanta","url":"https://www.medanta.org/hospitals-near-me/south-delhi/speciality/cardiology/doctor/dr-naresh-trehan","read_at":"2026-10-07","source_type":"official_hospital"},"rbht-profile":{"id":"rbht-profile","title":"Mr Ulrich Rosendahl | Royal Brompton & Harefield hospitals","url":"https://www.rbht.nhs.uk/specialists/mr-ulrich-rosendahl","read_at":"2026-10-07","source_type":"official_hospital"},"cleveland-profile":{"id":"cleveland-profile","title":"A. Marc Gillinov, MD | Cleveland Clinic","url":"https://providers.clevelandclinic.org/provider/a-marc-gillinov/4268438","read_at":"2026-10-07","source_type":"official_hospital"},"cui-personal":{"id":"cui-personal","title":"Dr. Yong Cui — No-Visible-Scar Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery","url":"https://dryongcuiheartsurgery.com/","read_at":"2026-10-08","source_type":"surgeon_personal_site"},"bookimed-offer":{"id":"bookimed-offer","title":"Robotic Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery (CABG) – da Vinci Surgical Package | Bookimed","url":"https://us-uk.bookimed.com/offer-procedure/6aacf48bc98b110b12099012/","read_at":"2026-10-07","source_type":"commercial_offer"},"rank-cui148":{"id":"rank-cui148","title":"An innovative minimally invasive approach for HOCM: transaortic septal myectomy via right infra-axillary incision","url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11632347/","read_at":"2026-10-07","source_kind":"primary_study","body_access":"full_text_XML_read","support_location":"Methods; Results; Tables1–2; Limitations; author affiliations","short_excerpt":"148 consecutive patients with symptomatic HOCM","source_type":"primary_study"},"rank-cui100":{"id":"rank-cui100","title":"Minimally Invasive Electro Septal Myectomy for HOCM Through a Right Infra-Axillary Incision","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2025.09.023","read_at":"2026-10-07","source_kind":"primary_study","body_access":"primary_abstract_read_full_text_subscription","support_location":"PubMed41109584 abstract; online2025, printMay2026","short_excerpt":"The cohort comprised 100 patients","source_type":"primary_study"},"mitral-cleveland-robotic-learning-0":{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28893396/","doi":"10.1016/j.jtcvs.2017.07.037","title":"Early results of robotically assisted mitral valve surgery: Analysis of the first 1000 cases","published":"2018 issue; 2017 online","access_note":"Primary abstract text acquired in web search; direct PubMed route returned a cookies challenge. Full article not inspected. Recovery via Europe PMC attempted.","id":"mitral-cleveland-robotic-learning-0","publisher":"Primary journal article","read_at":"2026-10-07","source_type":"Institutional first1000 robotic operations; primary journal abstract plus current official programme body"},"cabg-mist170":{"id":"cabg-mist170","title":"Multivessel coronary artery bypass grafting via small thoracotomy versus sternotomy (MIST): an investigator-initiated, international, open-label, randomised controlled trial","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42537680/","doi":"10.1016/S0140-6736(26)01288-2","publication_year":2026,"source_kind":"primary_multicentre_randomized_trial","body_access":"complete_original_abstract_read_via_Europe_PMC","support_location":"Methods and Findings; July31 online/August22 print2026","short_excerpt":"The primary endpoint was patient-reported physical recovery at 1 month","read_at":"2026-10-08","source_type":"primary_multicentre_randomized_trial","body_file":"sources/mist.json","access_limit":"Publisher full article is subscription-only; only original abstract used. No claims about unreported subgroup outcomes or long-term graft patency."},"anadolu-ustunsoy":{"url":"https://www.anadolumedicalcenter.com/doctor/hasim-ustunsoy","title":"Prof. Haşim Üstünsoy — Anadolu Medical Center"},"anadolu-robotic":{"url":"https://www.anadolumedicalcenter.com/medical-technology/robotik-cerrahi","title":"Robotic Surgery — Anadolu Medical Center"},"hisar-fedakar":{"url":"https://hisarhospital.com/en/doctor/prof-ali-fedakar-m-d/","title":"Prof. Dr. Ali Fedakar, M.D. — Hisar Hospital Intercontinental"},"medanta-surgeons":{"url":"https://www.medanta.org/doctor-listing/cardiac-surgery-doctors-in-gurugram?page=1","title":"Cardiac Surgery Experts in Gurugram — Medanta"},"rbht-rosendahl-current":{"url":"https://guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk/specialists/ulrich-rosendahl/","title":"Ulrich Rosendahl — clinical expertise and Royal Brompton location","publisher":"Guy’s and St Thomas’ Specialist Care"},"cleveland-mitral1000":{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28893396/","title":"Early results of robotically assisted mitral valve surgery: Analysis of the first 1000 cases","publisher":"Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery"},"ax-esc2025-release":{"id":"ax-esc2025-release","title":"2025 ESC/EACTS Guidelines for the management of valvular heart disease: official release","url":"https://www.escardio.org/news/news-room/congress-news/2025-guidelines-valvular-heart-disease/","publisher":"European Society of Cardiology","published":"2025-08-29","read_at":"2026-10-08","source_type":"Official guideline release overview","source_kind":"Official guideline release overview","body_access":"full_public_page_read","support_location":"Aortic stenosis: age 70, tricuspid valve, suitable anatomy, younger patients, lifetime trajectory","access_limit":"Overview is kept separate from the recovered full guideline."},"pd-adult-mist170":{"title":"Multivessel coronary artery bypass grafting via small thoracotomy versus sternotomy (MIST): an investigator-initiated, international, open-label, randomised controlled trial.","publisher":"Lancet (London, England)","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42537680/","read_at":"2026-10-08","kind":"original study abstract and author/affiliation record","support":"Abstract body and authorship inspected; numerical claims below are restricted to the reported endpoint and population.","limitations":"Full manuscript and supplementary operator allocations were not read in this pass. Authorship is not an individual surgical outcome series.","body_file":"outputs/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/review/provider-depth/adult/sources/mist170.json","published_at":"2026-07-31","doi":"10.1016/s0140-6736(26)01288-2","authors":"Ruel M, Nambala S, Guo MH, Verevkin A, Rabindranauth P, Kikuchi K, Davierwala PM, Lemma M, Ponnambalam M, Sheikh A, Black A, Borger MA, Whitlock RP, Zhang Y, Wells GA."},"tp-cui148":{"title":"Infra-axillary myectomy: earlier 148-patient study","url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11632347/","kind":"primary clinical study; full text","published":"2024-09-16","checked":"2026-10-08","accessed":"2026-10-08"},"tp-cui-practice":{"title":"Yong Cui — practice and institutional role","url":"https://dryongcuiheartsurgery.com/","kind":"surgeon practice site","checked":"2026-10-08","accessed":"2026-10-08"},"tp-hcm-guideline":{"title":"2024 AHA/ACC HCM guideline — ACC summary","url":"https://www.acc.org/Latest-in-Cardiology/ten-points-to-remember/2024/05/06/15/12/2024-hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy-gl","kind":"professional society guideline summary","checked":"2026-10-08","accessed":"2026-10-08"},"tp-hisar-offer":{"title":"Hisar robotic CABG — advertised Bookimed package","url":"https://us-uk.bookimed.com/offer-procedure/6aacf48bc98b110b12099012/","kind":"commercial offer; live body read","checked":"2026-10-08","accessed":"2026-10-08"},"tp-REV04":{"title":"Hisar robotic CABG offer with clinic reviews","url":"https://us-uk.bookimed.com/offer-procedure/6aacf48bc98b110b12099012/","kind":"booking platform clinic reviews","checked":"2026-10-08","accessed":"2026-10-08"},"pc-hcm-guideline":{"title":"2024 AHA/ACC multisociety HCM guideline key points","url":"https://www.acc.org/Latest-in-Cardiology/ten-points-to-remember/2024/05/06/15/12/2024-hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy-gl","kind":"official society guideline summary","checked":"2026-10-08","accessed":"2026-10-08"},"pc-hisar-robotic-cabg":{"title":"Faruk Gençoğlu — hisar robotic cabg","url":"https://us-uk.bookimed.com/offer-procedure/6aacf48bc98b110b12099012/","kind":"commercial offer","checked":"2026-10-08","accessed":"2026-10-08"},"volume-cui-cumulative-mics":{"id":"volume-cui-cumulative-mics","title":"Yong Cui practice overview","url":"https://dryongcuiheartsurgery.com/","publisher":"Institution / clinical programme","published":null,"read_at":"2026-10-08","source_type":"Reported clinical activity; scope shown with figure"}}}