{"schema_version":"bookimed.page-context.v1","id":"hcm-myectomy","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/hcm-myectomy/","json_url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/wp-content/uploads/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/pages/hcm-myectomy.json","index_url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/wp-content/uploads/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/pages/index.json","full_dataset_url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/wp-content/uploads/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/content.json","content_revision":"source-driven-rankings-20261008","date_modified":"2026-10-08","language":"en","kind":"guide","title":"Septal myectomy for obstructive HCM: compare treatment options","summary":"Septal myectomy removes selected thickened heart muscle to relieve obstruction in symptomatic HCM. The operation can also address contributing mitral or supporting structures. HCM care and rhythm-risk assessment continue after obstruction is treated.","research_credit":{"name":"Yevhenii Kozlov","role":"Co-Founder of Bookimed","url":"https://us-uk.bookimed.com/ceo/kozlov/","contribution":"Research personally prepared and reviewed","assistance":"AI tools assisted source research."},"editorial_scope":"Source-based patient information; an individual treatment plan requires clinical review.","research_method":"How this guide is researched and compared Research project led by Yevhenii Kozlov . We link clinical guidance, primary studies and named hospital or offer sources beside the relevant statements. Comparisons distinguish individual operators from programme results and preserve the study population, follow-up and limitations. Prices are dated examples with their stated scope. Research and editorial preparation are separate from clinical review; no named clinician has medically reviewed this edition. Bookimed provides care coordination. Partner and reference programmes are identified from their sources; paid ordering is not used in our published-cohort comparison. Read the editorial policy .","key_takeaways":[{"label":"50 mmHg is a decision threshold","text":"A resting or provoked LVOT gradient of at least 50 mmHg supports advanced-treatment assessment when symptoms persist; the number alone is not an indication for surgery.","sources":["D07"]},{"label":"100 patients in the MESM study","text":"The Zhejiang series reported mean outflow gradient falling from 85.8 to 8.4 mmHg through a 4–5 cm underarm incision.","sources":["rank-cui100"]},{"label":"$25,000–40,000 Cui programme budget","text":"Estimated programme cost of $25,000–40,000 USD. Cleveland and NYU provide individual quotations.","sources":[]}],"benefits":[{"text":"Myectomy can directly remove the obstructing muscle and allow associated mitral or subvalvular correction in the same operation.","sources":["C10"]},{"text":"Preserving the breastbone removes a major recovery burden: healing a surgically divided sternum. Daily movement can focus on comfort, the chest-wall wound and gradually rebuilding activity.","sources":["tp-cui100","br-sternum-gstt"]}],"limitations":[{"text":"Myectomy carries surgical and conduction risks, including a possible pacemaker. It treats obstruction rather than every aspect of HCM; small-incision cohorts do not prove faster full recovery than matched conventional surgery.","sources":["DX10","rank-cui100"]}],"sections":[{"id":"benefit-balance","title":"Benefits and trade-offs","text":"Benefits and trade-offs Potential advantages Myectomy can directly remove the obstructing muscle and allow associated mitral or subvalvular correction in the same operation. Sources: AHA/ACC HCM guidance (2024) Preserving the breastbone removes a major recovery burden: healing a surgically divided sternum. Daily movement can focus on comfort, the chest-wall wound and gradually rebuilding activity. Sources: MESM: 100-patient observational study · Guy’s and St Thomas’: breastbone healing and movement after heart surgery Trade-offs and limits Myectomy carries surgical and conduction risks, including a possible pacemaker. It treats obstruction rather than every aspect of HCM; small-incision cohorts do not prove faster full recovery than matched conventional surgery. Sources: Septal myectomy: procedure and risks · Minimally Invasive Electro Septal Myectomy for HOCM Through a Right Infra-Axillary Incision","links":[{"label":"AHA/ACC HCM guidance (2024)","url":"https://www.acc.org/Latest-in-Cardiology/ten-points-to-remember/2024/05/06/15/12/2024-hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy-gl"},{"label":"MESM: 100-patient observational study","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41109584/"},{"label":"Guy’s and St Thomas’: breastbone healing and movement after heart surgery","url":"https://www.guysandstthomas.nhs.uk/health-information/physiotherapy-heart-surgery"},{"label":"Septal myectomy: procedure and risks","url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/17461-septal-myectomy"},{"label":"Minimally Invasive Electro Septal Myectomy for HOCM Through a Right Infra-Axillary Incision","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2025.09.023"}]},{"id":"treatment-programmes","title":"Compare complete treatment programmes","text":"Compare complete treatment programmes Hangzhou, China Yong Cui · HCM surgery ↗ Yong Cui Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital A 4–5 cm underarm incision keeps the breastbone intact: no divided breastbone to heal while you rebuild walking and everyday activity. $25,000–40,000 estimated cost USD · estimated programme range · updated 8 October 2026. Published 100-patient MESM series; separate 132-patient mid-cavity conference report and earlier 148-patient modified-Morrow study. See method, care and package ↗ Cleveland, United States Nicholas Smedira · complex HCM surgery ↗ Nicholas Smedira Cleveland Clinic HCM Center Specialist HCM imaging and myectomy that can also correct mitral-leaflet or papillary-muscle causes of obstruction. Quote on request Individual estimate after assessment. A historical series of 1,559 LVOT operations, including 1,530 myectomies and 522 myectomies with mitral or subvalvular intervention. See method, care and package ↗ New York, United States NYU HCM team · anatomy and access choices ↗ Daniel Swistel · Joshua Scheinerman NYU Langone Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Program An HCM team that treats septal and mitral causes of obstruction, with conventional and selected robotic surgical approaches. Quote on request Individual estimate after assessment. NYU reports more than 600 myectomies at programme level. Supporting method evidence includes a historical 77-patient anatomy study and a separate first robotic case report. See method, care and package ↗ Treatment programmes ↗","links":[{"label":"Yong Cui · HCM surgery ↗","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/programme-cui-hcm/"},{"label":"See method, care and package ↗","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/programme-cui-hcm/"},{"label":"Nicholas Smedira · complex HCM surgery ↗","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/programme-cleveland-hcm/"},{"label":"See method, care and package ↗","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/programme-cleveland-hcm/"},{"label":"NYU HCM team · anatomy and access choices ↗","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/programme-nyu-hcm/"},{"label":"See method, care and package ↗","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/programme-nyu-hcm/"},{"label":"Treatment programmes ↗","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/treatment-programmes/"}]},{"id":"breastbone-benefit","title":"What keeping your breastbone intact changes","text":"What keeping your breastbone intact changes The practical advantage is more than a smaller scar: the sternum is not divided. After a sternotomy, everyday movements such as pushing out of a chair, lifting a shopping bag or getting out of bed have to take the healing breastbone into account. Guy’s and St Thomas’ describes about three months for full breastbone healing after sternotomy and gives different movement guidance for approaches between the ribs. Preserving the sternum removes that bone-healing step; the incision and the heart still recover gradually. Recovery detail Sternotomy Cui’s planned underarm MESM access Breastbone Divided and secured after surgery; bone healing continues over the following months. Left intact; no sternotomy bone wound to heal. Everyday upper-body movement Movement and lifting guidance protects the healing sternum. No divided sternum to protect; activity progresses with wound comfort and the clinical recovery plan. Incision and scar An incision along the front of the chest. A 4–5 cm incision beneath the right arm in the published MESM series. Sources: MESM: 100-patient observational study · Guy’s and St Thomas’: breastbone healing and movement after heart surgery · Mayo Clinic: minimally invasive surgery","links":[{"label":"MESM: 100-patient observational study","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41109584/"},{"label":"Guy’s and St Thomas’: breastbone healing and movement after heart surgery","url":"https://www.guysandstthomas.nhs.uk/health-information/physiotherapy-heart-surgery"},{"label":"Mayo Clinic: minimally invasive surgery","url":"https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/minimally-invasive-heart-surgery/about/pac-20384895"}],"tables":[[["Recovery detail","Sternotomy","Cui’s planned underarm MESM access"],["Breastbone","Divided and secured after surgery; bone healing continues over the following months.","Left intact; no sternotomy bone wound to heal."],["Everyday upper-body movement","Movement and lifting guidance protects the healing sternum.","No divided sternum to protect; activity progresses with wound comfort and the clinical recovery plan."],["Incision and scar","An incision along the front of the chest.","A 4–5 cm incision beneath the right arm in the published MESM series."]]]},{"id":"latent-obstruction","title":"Obstruction only during exercise? Find your pathway","text":"Obstruction only during exercise? Find your pathway A resting scan can miss the degree of dynamic obstruction that appears with exertion. If your report mentions latent obstruction, exercise-induced LVOTO, SAM or papillary-muscle abnormalities, use the dedicated guide to understand what a specialist review should address. Sources: 2024 HCM guideline: official teaching slides Latent obstruction & SAM ↗ Compare surgeon expertise ↗","links":[{"label":"2024 HCM guideline: official teaching slides","url":"https://professional.heart.org/-/media/PHD-Files/Education/2024_HCM_Guideline_for_the_Management_of_HCM_Slide_Deck.pdf"},{"label":"Latent obstruction & SAM ↗","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/latent-obstructive-hcm/"},{"label":"Compare surgeon expertise ↗","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/septal-myectomy-surgeon-comparison/"}]},{"id":"assessment","title":"When does septal reduction enter the discussion?","text":"When does septal reduction enter the discussion? This comparison concerns adults with obstructive HCM. The specialist must link limiting symptoms to obstruction despite appropriate treatment. A resting or provoked LVOT gradient of at least 50 mmHg generally supports consideration of advanced treatment; the number alone does not establish a need for surgery. The 2024 guidance advises against septal reduction in asymptomatic people with normal exercise capacity. Some patients with less severe symptoms merit earlier expert consideration because of other findings. Nonobstructive and apical HCM have a separate pathway. Sources: 2024 HCM guideline: official teaching slides Nonobstructive & apical HCM ↗ Latent obstruction & SAM ↗","links":[{"label":"2024 HCM guideline: official teaching slides","url":"https://professional.heart.org/-/media/PHD-Files/Education/2024_HCM_Guideline_for_the_Management_of_HCM_Slide_Deck.pdf"},{"label":"Nonobstructive & apical HCM ↗","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/nonobstructive-apical-hcm/"},{"label":"Latent obstruction & SAM ↗","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/latent-obstructive-hcm/"}]},{"id":"anatomy-and-specialists","title":"How different HCM operations address anatomy","text":"How different HCM operations address anatomy These methods solve different anatomical problems. The value of the comparison is the correction achieved, the access required and the maturity of follow-up. Anatomical finding Published approach Profiles to explore Mitral chordae contribute to obstruction Myectomy with selected secondary chordal cutting Paolo Ferrazzi / Monza An elongated leaflet or abnormal papillary position Resect–plicate–release: selected leaflet plication and papillary release Daniel Swistel / current NYU practice; historical RPR cohort A smaller chest access is under consideration Infra-axillary myectomy and a separate newer MESM series Yong Cui / Zhejiang A beating-heart transapical technique is proposed Transapical beating-heart septal myectomy Xiang Wei / Tongji Midventricular or apical disease with an aneurysm Selected transapical myectomy with aneurysm repair Mayo programme / Joseph Dearani coauthorship Conventional myectomy and associated valve disease Extended septal myectomy with anatomy-specific valve assessment Nicholas Smedira / Cleveland Sources: Ferrazzi et al. · JACC 2026 · 350 patients · Resect–plicate–release · 77-patient study (2015) · An innovative minimally invasive approach for HOCM: transaortic septal myectomy via right infra-axillary incision · Minimally Invasive Electro Septal Myectomy for HOCM Through a Right Infra-Axillary Incision · TA-BSM for obstructive HCM: Lessons Learned After the Learning Curve Period · Mayo · 67 patients with apical aneurysm repair · Surgical management of LVOT obstruction in a specialized HOCM center Paolo Ferrazzi ↗ Daniel G. Swistel ↗ Yong Cui ↗ Xiang Wei ↗ Joseph A. Dearani ↗ Nicholas Smedira ↗","links":[{"label":"Ferrazzi et al. · JACC 2026 · 350 patients","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42307496/"},{"label":"Resect–plicate–release · 77-patient study (2015)","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26272699/"},{"label":"An innovative minimally invasive approach for HOCM: transaortic septal myectomy via right infra-axillary incision","url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11632347/"},{"label":"Minimally Invasive Electro Septal Myectomy for HOCM Through a Right Infra-Axillary Incision","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2025.09.023"},{"label":"TA-BSM for obstructive HCM: Lessons Learned After the Learning Curve Period","url":"https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.124.015044"},{"label":"Mayo · 67 patients with apical aneurysm repair","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37029070/"},{"label":"Surgical management of LVOT obstruction in a specialized HOCM center","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2018.11.148"},{"label":"Paolo Ferrazzi ↗","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/doctor-paolo-ferrazzi/"},{"label":"Daniel G. Swistel ↗","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/doctor-daniel-swistel/"},{"label":"Yong Cui ↗","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/doctor-yong-cui/"},{"label":"Xiang Wei ↗","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/doctor-xiang-wei/"},{"label":"Joseph A. Dearani ↗","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/doctor-joseph-dearani/"},{"label":"Nicholas Smedira ↗","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/doctor-nicholas-smedira/"}],"tables":[[["Anatomical finding","Published approach","Profiles to explore"],["Mitral chordae contribute to obstruction","Myectomy with selected secondary chordal cutting","Paolo Ferrazzi / Monza"],["An elongated leaflet or abnormal papillary position","Resect–plicate–release: selected leaflet plication and papillary release","Daniel Swistel / current NYU practice; historical RPR cohort"],["A smaller chest access is under consideration","Infra-axillary myectomy and a separate newer MESM series","Yong Cui / Zhejiang"],["A beating-heart transapical technique is proposed","Transapical beating-heart septal myectomy","Xiang Wei / Tongji"],["Midventricular or apical disease with an aneurysm","Selected transapical myectomy with aneurysm repair","Mayo programme / Joseph Dearani coauthorship"],["Conventional myectomy and associated valve disease","Extended septal myectomy with anatomy-specific valve assessment","Nicholas Smedira / Cleveland"]]]},{"id":"options","title":"Medicines, myectomy or alcohol septal ablation?","text":"Medicines, myectomy or alcohol septal ablation? Initial treatment usually uses a non-vasodilating beta blocker, followed by verapamil or diltiazem if appropriate. Persistent symptoms prompt a shared discussion of further drug treatment or septal reduction at an experienced HCM centre. The options are not a mandatory sequence in which every patient must try every drug before a procedure. Option What it changes What makes the choice different Further medical treatment Can reduce symptoms and, in obstructive HCM, the gradient without removing muscle. Disopyramide or a cardiac myosin inhibitor may be considered. Response, interactions, monitoring and continued access matter. Septal myectomy A surgeon removes selected thickened septal muscle to enlarge the outflow pathway. Surgical myectomy can treat the obstructing muscle alongside mitral or papillary-muscle correction, or coronary bypass, when those problems also require surgery. Alcohol septal ablation A catheter delivers alcohol through a suitable small coronary branch to create controlled injury in the target septum. Useful when surgery is contraindicated or its risk is unacceptable. Requires suitable coronary anatomy; it cannot surgically correct associated valve or papillary-muscle abnormalities. Sources: AHA/ACC HCM guidance (2024) · Septal myectomy: procedure and risks · Alcohol septal ablation: procedure and risks · 2024 HCM guideline: official teaching slides Compare clinics ↗ Specialists ↗","links":[{"label":"AHA/ACC HCM guidance (2024)","url":"https://www.acc.org/Latest-in-Cardiology/ten-points-to-remember/2024/05/06/15/12/2024-hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy-gl"},{"label":"Septal myectomy: procedure and risks","url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/17461-septal-myectomy"},{"label":"Alcohol septal ablation: procedure and risks","url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/22498-alcohol-septal-ablation"},{"label":"2024 HCM guideline: official teaching slides","url":"https://professional.heart.org/-/media/PHD-Files/Education/2024_HCM_Guideline_for_the_Management_of_HCM_Slide_Deck.pdf"},{"label":"Compare clinics ↗","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/septal-myectomy-clinics/"},{"label":"Specialists ↗","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/septal-myectomy-surgeons/"}],"tables":[[["Option","What it changes","What makes the choice different"],["Further medical treatment","Can reduce symptoms and, in obstructive HCM, the gradient without removing muscle.","Disopyramide or a cardiac myosin inhibitor may be considered. Response, interactions, monitoring and continued access matter."],["Septal myectomy","A surgeon removes selected thickened septal muscle to enlarge the outflow pathway.","Surgical myectomy can treat the obstructing muscle alongside mitral or papillary-muscle correction, or coronary bypass, when those problems also require surgery."],["Alcohol septal ablation","A catheter delivers alcohol through a suitable small coronary branch to create controlled injury in the target septum.","Useful when surgery is contraindicated or its risk is unacceptable. Requires suitable coronary anatomy; it cannot surgically correct associated valve or papillary-muscle abnormalities."]]]},{"id":"medical-evidence","title":"Myosin inhibitors: evidence, monitoring and access","text":"Myosin inhibitors: evidence, monitoring and access Mavacamten and aficamten are examples of cardiac myosin inhibitors with US approvals for symptomatic obstructive HCM; access and approved use differ by country. The FDA’s aficamten evidence came from a placebo-controlled trial in 282 adults, with the primary exercise-capacity assessment at 24 weeks. This was not a comparison against myectomy or septal ablation. Mavacamten can reduce pumping strength excessively and cause heart failure. Treatment includes repeated echocardiography and review of interacting medicines, including after returning home; symptom relief does not remove that monitoring burden. Sources: MYQORZO (aficamten): FDA drug trials snapshot · CAMZYOS prescribing information, April 2025 revision","links":[{"label":"MYQORZO (aficamten): FDA drug trials snapshot","url":"https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-trials-snapshots/drug-trials-snapshots-myqorzo"},{"label":"CAMZYOS prescribing information, April 2025 revision","url":"https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2025/214998s010lbl.pdf"}]},{"id":"risk-comparison","title":"Compare risk and benefit on the same terms","text":"Compare risk and benefit on the same terms Myectomy and alcohol septal ablation can both cause conduction problems, including a need for permanent pacing. Surgery allows direct correction of associated structures; ablation relies on suitable coronary-branch anatomy and cannot surgically repair a valve. The published MESM series reported four permanent pacemakers among 100 patients and no observed in-hospital deaths. This describes a selected centre cohort, not a zero-risk operation or a comparative safety advantage. Sources: Septal myectomy: procedure and risks · Alcohol septal ablation: procedure and risks · Minimally Invasive Electro Septal Myectomy for HOCM Through a Right Infra-Axillary Incision Compare surgeon expertise ↗ Recovery ↗","links":[{"label":"Septal myectomy: procedure and risks","url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/17461-septal-myectomy"},{"label":"Alcohol septal ablation: procedure and risks","url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/22498-alcohol-septal-ablation"},{"label":"Minimally Invasive Electro Septal Myectomy for HOCM Through a Right Infra-Axillary Incision","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2025.09.023"},{"label":"Compare surgeon expertise ↗","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/septal-myectomy-surgeon-comparison/"},{"label":"Recovery ↗","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/recovery/"}]},{"id":"cui","title":"An infra-axillary approach to myectomy: Yong Cui’s published work","text":"An infra-axillary approach to myectomy: Yong Cui’s published work Yong Cui / Cui Yong (崔勇) is a cardiovascular surgeon associated with Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital in a 2024 JTCVS Techniques publication. The published discussion describes transaortic septal myectomy through a right infra-axillary incision. The clinical connection is specific: an alternative route to a myectomy for selected obstructive HCM cases. It does not establish that this approach is suitable for every patient or that its results surpass programmes using another route. Cui’s practice website describes his department-lead role and trans-axillary valve work. The HCM publications provide more specific evidence: they identify the operation, patient cohort, haemodynamic results and complications. Sources: An innovative minimally invasive approach for HOCM: transaortic septal myectomy via right infra-axillary incision · Yong Cui practice profile Specialists ↗","links":[{"label":"An innovative minimally invasive approach for HOCM: transaortic septal myectomy via right infra-axillary incision","url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11632347/"},{"label":"Yong Cui practice profile","url":"https://dryongcuiheartsurgery.com/"},{"label":"Specialists ↗","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/septal-myectomy-surgeons/"}]},{"id":"compare","title":"What the published myectomy experience shows","text":"What the published myectomy experience shows Cui’s 100-patient MESM series describes a defined small-incision technique and short-term results. Cleveland’s historical series describes 1,559 LVOTO operations, of which 1,530 involved myectomy and 522 included associated mitral or subvalvular work. These data reveal operative scope and patient selection. They do not establish annual personal volume, and their different time periods and techniques prevent a country-wide performance ratio. Sources: Minimally Invasive Electro Septal Myectomy for HOCM Through a Right Infra-Axillary Incision · Surgical management of LVOT obstruction in a specialized HOCM center","links":[{"label":"Minimally Invasive Electro Septal Myectomy for HOCM Through a Right Infra-Axillary Incision","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2025.09.023"},{"label":"Surgical management of LVOT obstruction in a specialized HOCM center","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2018.11.148"}]},{"id":"cost","title":"Septal myectomy cost: programme budgets and individual quotes","text":"Septal myectomy cost: programme budgets and individual quotes A useful myectomy quote should specify septal muscle removal and any planned work on the mitral valve, chordae or papillary muscles. These are different operative scopes. A small-incision technique name alone does not tell you what the package includes. The Cui HCM programme in Hangzhou has an estimated cost of $25,000–40,000 USD. The final quotation reflects the myectomy plan, any additional valve work and the hospital-care scope. Cleveland and NYU provide individual estimates. Programme Price basis Included detail available Yong Cui / Zhejiang $25,000–40,000 estimated programme cost Programme budget; standard ICU, room and follow-up allowances are not itemised Cleveland HCM Individual estimate A clinical pathway is published; no standard myectomy package tariff was found NYU HCM Individual estimate Multidisciplinary HCM assessment; no standard myectomy package tariff was found Sources: AHA/ACC HCM guidance (2024) · An innovative minimally invasive approach for HOCM: transaortic septal myectomy via right infra-axillary incision · Surgical management of LVOT obstruction in a specialized HOCM center Yong Cui · HCM surgery ↗ HCM programmes ↗ Costs & quotes ↗","links":[{"label":"AHA/ACC HCM guidance (2024)","url":"https://www.acc.org/Latest-in-Cardiology/ten-points-to-remember/2024/05/06/15/12/2024-hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy-gl"},{"label":"An innovative minimally invasive approach for HOCM: transaortic septal myectomy via right infra-axillary incision","url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11632347/"},{"label":"Surgical management of LVOT obstruction in a specialized HOCM center","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2018.11.148"},{"label":"Yong Cui · HCM surgery ↗","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/programme-cui-hcm/"},{"label":"HCM programmes ↗","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/hcm-treatment-programmes/"},{"label":"Costs & quotes ↗","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/cost/"}],"tables":[[["Programme","Price basis","Included detail available"],["Yong Cui / Zhejiang","$25,000–40,000 estimated programme cost","Programme budget; standard ICU, room and follow-up allowances are not itemised"],["Cleveland HCM","Individual estimate","A clinical pathway is published; no standard myectomy package tariff was found"],["NYU HCM","Individual estimate","Multidisciplinary HCM assessment; no standard myectomy package tariff was found"]]]},{"id":"questions","title":"What improves after myectomy, and what care continues","text":"What improves after myectomy, and what care continues Relieving obstruction can improve symptoms caused by restricted outflow. The operation does not remove the underlying need for HCM surveillance. Follow-up imaging measures the remaining outflow gradient and mitral leakage. Rhythm and sudden-death risk assessment remain separate from the success of muscle removal. Genetic counselling and family screening may still be relevant after surgery. Sources: AHA/ACC HCM guidance (2024)","links":[{"label":"AHA/ACC HCM guidance (2024)","url":"https://www.acc.org/Latest-in-Cardiology/ten-points-to-remember/2024/05/06/15/12/2024-hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy-gl"}]},{"id":"matching-specialists","title":"Specialists for this treatment pathway","text":"Specialists for this treatment pathway Explore each specialist’s clinical focus, current programme and the studies relevant to this treatment. The listed roles include cardiac surgeons and, where appropriate, interventional cardiologists. Portrait source ↗ Monza · Italy cardiac surgeon Paolo Ferrazzi → Ferrazzi’s HCM work combines septal myectomy with selective cutting of abnormal secondary mitral chordae. Monza research affiliation documented in 2026; the scientific-director appointment source is dated 2023. Policlinico di Monza → Sources: Ferrazzi et al. · JACC 2026 · 350 patients · Policlinico di Monza · heart centre brochure (2023) View expertise and research → Portrait source ↗ Hangzhou · China cardiac surgeon Yong Cui → Cui’s team has published infra-axillary transaortic myectomy and a separate newer MESM technique for obstructive HCM. Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital → Sources: An innovative minimally invasive approach for HOCM: transaortic septal myectomy via right infra-axillary incision · Minimally Invasive Electro Septal Myectomy for HOCM Through a Right Infra-Axillary Incision View expertise and research → Portrait source ↗ New York · United States cardiac surgeon Daniel G. Swistel → Swistel’s resect–plicate–release work addresses septal muscle, selected elongated mitral leaflets and abnormal papillary attachments. NYU Langone → Sources: Resect–plicate–release · 77-patient study (2015) · NYU Langone · Daniel Swistel · NYU Langone · HCM programme View expertise and research → JD Rochester, Minnesota · United States cardiac surgeon Joseph A. Dearani → Dearani’s Mayo practice includes septal myectomy and complex HCM anatomy. The programme also evaluates selected apical disease and associated apical aneurysms. Mayo Clinic Rochester → Sources: Mayo Clinic · Joseph Dearani · Mayo Clinic · HCM treatment options · Mayo · 67 patients with apical aneurysm repair View expertise and research → XW Wuhan · China cardiac surgeon Xiang Wei → Wei’s Tongji team developed transapical beating-heart septal myectomy. The studied technique reaches the septum through the heart’s apex without cardiopulmonary bypass. Tongji Hospital Wuhan → Sources: Tongji Hospital · cardiovascular surgery department · TA-BSM for obstructive HCM: Lessons Learned After the Learning Curve Period View expertise and research → Portrait source ↗ Cleveland, Ohio · United States cardiac surgeon Nicholas Smedira → Smedira’s Cleveland Clinic practice includes myectomy for HCM. The programme also treats selected mitral and subvalvular abnormalities that contribute to obstruction. Cleveland Clinic → Sources: Nicholas Smedira, MD — Cleveland Clinic · Surgical management of LVOT obstruction in a specialized HOCM center View expertise and research → Browse the full specialist directory →","links":[{"label":"Portrait source ↗","url":"https://www.policlinicodimonza.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BROCHURE-CENTRO-CUORE-MONZA_marzo23_WEB.pdf#page=4"},{"label":"Paolo Ferrazzi →","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/doctor-paolo-ferrazzi/"},{"label":"Policlinico di Monza →","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/clinic-policlinico-monza/"},{"label":"Ferrazzi et al. · JACC 2026 · 350 patients","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42307496/"},{"label":"Policlinico di Monza · heart centre brochure (2023)","url":"https://www.policlinicodimonza.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BROCHURE-CENTRO-CUORE-MONZA_marzo23_WEB.pdf"},{"label":"View expertise and research →","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/doctor-paolo-ferrazzi/"},{"label":"Portrait source ↗","url":"https://dryongcuiheartsurgery.com/"},{"label":"Yong Cui →","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/doctor-yong-cui/"},{"label":"Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital →","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/clinic-zhejiang/"},{"label":"An innovative minimally invasive approach for HOCM: transaortic septal myectomy via right infra-axillary incision","url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11632347/"},{"label":"Minimally Invasive Electro Septal Myectomy for HOCM Through a Right Infra-Axillary Incision","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2025.09.023"},{"label":"View expertise and research →","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/doctor-yong-cui/"},{"label":"Portrait source ↗","url":"https://nyulangone.org/doctors/1083603690/daniel-g-swistel"},{"label":"Daniel G. Swistel →","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/doctor-daniel-swistel/"},{"label":"NYU Langone →","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/clinic-nyu-langone/"},{"label":"Resect–plicate–release · 77-patient study (2015)","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26272699/"},{"label":"NYU Langone · Daniel Swistel","url":"https://nyulangone.org/doctors/1083603690/daniel-g-swistel"},{"label":"NYU Langone · HCM programme","url":"https://nyulangone.org/care-services/hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy-program"},{"label":"View expertise and research →","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/doctor-daniel-swistel/"},{"label":"Joseph A. Dearani →","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/doctor-joseph-dearani/"},{"label":"Mayo Clinic Rochester →","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/clinic-mayo-rochester/"},{"label":"Mayo Clinic · Joseph Dearani","url":"https://www.mayoclinic.org/biographies/dearani-joseph-a-m-d/bio-20053326"},{"label":"Mayo Clinic · HCM treatment options","url":"https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350204"},{"label":"Mayo · 67 patients with apical aneurysm repair","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37029070/"},{"label":"View expertise and research →","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/doctor-joseph-dearani/"},{"label":"Xiang Wei →","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/doctor-xiang-wei/"},{"label":"Tongji Hospital Wuhan →","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/clinic-tongji-wuhan/"},{"label":"Tongji Hospital · cardiovascular surgery department","url":"https://www.tjh.com.cn/channels/1008.html"},{"label":"TA-BSM for obstructive HCM: Lessons Learned After the Learning Curve Period","url":"https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.124.015044"},{"label":"View expertise and research →","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/doctor-xiang-wei/"},{"label":"Portrait source ↗","url":"https://providers.clevelandclinic.org/provider/nicholas-smedira/4268212"},{"label":"Nicholas Smedira →","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/doctor-nicholas-smedira/"},{"label":"Cleveland Clinic →","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/clinic-cleveland/"},{"label":"Nicholas Smedira, MD — Cleveland Clinic","url":"https://providers.clevelandclinic.org/provider/nicholas-smedira/4268212"},{"label":"Surgical management of LVOT obstruction in a specialized HOCM center","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2018.11.148"},{"label":"View expertise and research →","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/doctor-nicholas-smedira/"},{"label":"Browse the full specialist directory →","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/septal-myectomy-surgeons/"}]}],"introduction":"Heart surgery guide / HCM & myectomy HCM & myectomy · Decision guide Septal myectomy for obstructive HCM: compare treatment options Medicines, myectomy, septal ablation—and the team that can explain the difference. Research by Yevhenii Kozlov · Co-Founder of Bookimed Updated 8 October 2026 Sources linked throughout At a glance Septal myectomy removes selected thickened heart muscle to relieve obstruction in symptomatic HCM. The operation can also address contributing mitral or supporting structures. HCM care and rhythm-risk assessment continue after obstruction is treated. 50 mmHg is a decision threshold A resting or provoked LVOT gradient of at least 50 mmHg supports advanced-treatment assessment when symptoms persist; the number alone is not an indication for surgery. Sources: 2024 HCM guideline: official teaching slides 100 patients in the MESM study The Zhejiang series reported mean outflow gradient falling from 85.8 to 8.4 mmHg through a 4–5 cm underarm incision. Sources: Minimally Invasive Electro Septal Myectomy for HOCM Through a Right Infra-Axillary Incision $25,000–40,000 Cui programme budget Estimated programme cost of $25,000–40,000 USD. Cleveland and NYU provide individual quotations.","related_documents":[{"id":"heart-surgery","title":"Heart surgery abroad: treatments, clinics and costs","kind":"home","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/","json_url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/wp-content/uploads/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/pages/heart-surgery.json"},{"id":"minimally-invasive","title":"Minimally invasive and robotic heart surgery","kind":"guide","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/minimally-invasive/","json_url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/wp-content/uploads/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/pages/minimally-invasive.json"},{"id":"clinics","title":"Heart surgery clinics: compare techniques and specialist teams","kind":"directory","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/clinics/","json_url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/wp-content/uploads/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/pages/clinics.json"},{"id":"surgeons","title":"Find cardiac surgeons and heart specialists by procedure","kind":"surgeons","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/surgeons/","json_url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/wp-content/uploads/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/pages/surgeons.json"},{"id":"cost","title":"Heart surgery costs: valve surgery and CABG quotes","kind":"guide","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/cost/","json_url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/wp-content/uploads/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/pages/cost.json"},{"id":"recovery","title":"Recovery after heart surgery: hospital, home and travel","kind":"guide","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/recovery/","json_url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/wp-content/uploads/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/pages/recovery.json"},{"id":"second-opinion","title":"Prepare for a heart surgery second opinion","kind":"inquiry","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/second-opinion/","json_url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/wp-content/uploads/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/pages/second-opinion.json"},{"id":"latent-obstructive-hcm","title":"Latent obstructive HCM: exercise gradients, SAM and surgery","kind":"guide","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/latent-obstructive-hcm/","json_url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/wp-content/uploads/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/pages/latent-obstructive-hcm.json"},{"id":"nonobstructive-apical-hcm","title":"Nonobstructive and apical HCM: treatment decisions","kind":"guide","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/nonobstructive-apical-hcm/","json_url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/wp-content/uploads/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/pages/nonobstructive-apical-hcm.json"},{"id":"doctor-yong-cui","title":"Yong Cui: septal myectomy and minimally invasive HCM surgery","kind":"doctor-profile","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/doctor-yong-cui/","json_url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/wp-content/uploads/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/pages/doctor-yong-cui.json"},{"id":"doctor-nicholas-smedira","title":"Nicholas Smedira: septal myectomy at Cleveland Clinic","kind":"doctor-profile","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/doctor-nicholas-smedira/","json_url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/wp-content/uploads/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/pages/doctor-nicholas-smedira.json"},{"id":"doctor-paolo-ferrazzi","title":"Paolo Ferrazzi: HCM myectomy and mitral chordal cutting","kind":"doctor-profile","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/doctor-paolo-ferrazzi/","json_url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/wp-content/uploads/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/pages/doctor-paolo-ferrazzi.json"},{"id":"doctor-daniel-swistel","title":"Daniel G. Swistel: HCM myectomy and mitral valve repair","kind":"doctor-profile","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/doctor-daniel-swistel/","json_url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/wp-content/uploads/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/pages/doctor-daniel-swistel.json"},{"id":"doctor-joseph-dearani","title":"Joseph A. Dearani: HCM and congenital heart surgery","kind":"doctor-profile","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/doctor-joseph-dearani/","json_url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/wp-content/uploads/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/pages/doctor-joseph-dearani.json"},{"id":"doctor-xiang-wei","title":"Xiang Wei: transapical beating-heart septal myectomy","kind":"doctor-profile","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/doctor-xiang-wei/","json_url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/wp-content/uploads/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/pages/doctor-xiang-wei.json"},{"id":"clinic-cleveland","title":"Cleveland Clinic: heart surgery expertise","kind":"clinic-profile","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/clinic-cleveland/","json_url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/wp-content/uploads/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/pages/clinic-cleveland.json"},{"id":"clinic-zhejiang","title":"Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital: heart surgery expertise","kind":"clinic-profile","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/clinic-zhejiang/","json_url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/wp-content/uploads/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/pages/clinic-zhejiang.json"},{"id":"clinic-policlinico-monza","title":"Policlinico di Monza: heart surgery expertise","kind":"clinic-profile","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/clinic-policlinico-monza/","json_url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/wp-content/uploads/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/pages/clinic-policlinico-monza.json"},{"id":"clinic-nyu-langone","title":"NYU Langone: heart surgery expertise","kind":"clinic-profile","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/clinic-nyu-langone/","json_url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/wp-content/uploads/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/pages/clinic-nyu-langone.json"},{"id":"clinic-mayo-rochester","title":"Mayo Clinic Rochester: heart surgery expertise","kind":"clinic-profile","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/clinic-mayo-rochester/","json_url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/wp-content/uploads/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/pages/clinic-mayo-rochester.json"},{"id":"clinic-tongji-wuhan","title":"Tongji Hospital Wuhan: heart surgery expertise","kind":"clinic-profile","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/clinic-tongji-wuhan/","json_url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/wp-content/uploads/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/pages/clinic-tongji-wuhan.json"},{"id":"septal-myectomy-surgeons","title":"HCM and septal myectomy surgeons","kind":"specialist-directory","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/septal-myectomy-surgeons/","json_url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/wp-content/uploads/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/pages/septal-myectomy-surgeons.json"},{"id":"septal-myectomy-clinics","title":"HCM and septal myectomy clinics and specialist centres","kind":"clinic-directory","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/septal-myectomy-clinics/","json_url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/wp-content/uploads/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/pages/septal-myectomy-clinics.json"},{"id":"septal-myectomy-surgeon-comparison","title":"HCM and septal myectomy surgeon rankings: experience, methods and results","kind":"evidence-directory","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/septal-myectomy-surgeon-comparison/","json_url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/wp-content/uploads/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/pages/septal-myectomy-surgeon-comparison.json"},{"id":"treatment-programmes","title":"Heart surgery treatment programmes: doctors, packages and costs","kind":"treatment-listing","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/treatment-programmes/","json_url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/wp-content/uploads/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/pages/treatment-programmes.json"},{"id":"hcm-treatment-programmes","title":"HCM surgery programmes: compare surgeons, methods and costs","kind":"treatment-listing","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/hcm-treatment-programmes/","json_url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/wp-content/uploads/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/pages/hcm-treatment-programmes.json"},{"id":"programme-cui-hcm","title":"HCM surgery with Yong Cui: breastbone-sparing, $25,000–40,000","kind":"treatment-programme","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/programme-cui-hcm/","json_url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/wp-content/uploads/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/pages/programme-cui-hcm.json"},{"id":"programme-cleveland-hcm","title":"Nicholas Smedira at Cleveland Clinic: HCM myectomy, care and cost","kind":"treatment-programme","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/programme-cleveland-hcm/","json_url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/wp-content/uploads/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/pages/programme-cleveland-hcm.json"},{"id":"programme-nyu-hcm","title":"NYU HCM surgery: mitral-preserving and robotic myectomy programmes","kind":"treatment-programme","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/programme-nyu-hcm/","json_url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/wp-content/uploads/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/pages/programme-nyu-hcm.json"}],"ranking":{"engine_version":"reported-volume-v1","facts_digest":"b2057ed11422aaf9ecbef7849da5e5c2be583ed36f70e64a8a183767f7154fef","calculated_at":"2026-10-08","facts":[{"id":"cleveland-2024-myectomy","provider_id":"nicholas-smedira","family":"hcm","subject_scope":"programme","measurement":"annual","procedure":"septal_myectomy","inclusion_scope":"isolated-and-combined","value":201,"relation":"exact","display":"201","unit":"Septal myectomy with or without other procedures for HOCM","period_label":"Calendar year 2024","reported_as_of":"2024-12-31","method":"Programme total across septal approaches, including operations with associated procedures.","period_start":"2024-01-01","period_end":"2024-12-31","year":2024,"source":{"url":"https://consultqd.clevelandclinic.org/outcome-snapshots-thoracic-surgery-lung-transplant-more","title":"Cleveland Clinic 2024 HOCM data highlights","publisher":"Institution / clinical programme","published":"2025-08-27"},"checked_at":"2026-10-08"},{"id":"rastegar-career","provider_id":"tufts-hcm","family":"hcm","subject_scope":"surgeon_operator","measurement":"cumulative","procedure":"septal_myectomy","inclusion_scope":"isolated-and-combined","value":1000,"relation":"more_than","display":"1,000+","unit":"Septal myectomies across career","period_label":"Cumulative; counting cutoff not stated","reported_as_of":null,"method":"Career experience reported by BIDMC in 2023; the linked Tufts study describes an earlier programme.","source":{"url":"https://bidmc.org/news-stories/all-news-stories/stories/2023/02/surgery-restores-heart-of-hcm-patient","title":"BIDMC: Rastegar lifetime surgical experience","publisher":"Institution / clinical programme","published":"2023-02-20"},"checked_at":"2026-10-08"},{"id":"ferrazzi-career","provider_id":"paolo-ferrazzi","family":"hcm","subject_scope":"surgeon_operator","measurement":"cumulative","procedure":"septal_myectomy","inclusion_scope":"isolated-and-combined","value":400,"relation":"more_than","display":"400+","unit":"HCM myectomies","period_label":"Cumulative; counting cutoff not stated","reported_as_of":null,"method":"Personal myectomy experience in a June 2022 hospital brochure; includes expertise in mitral secondary-chordal work.","source":{"url":"https://www.policlinicodimonza.it/wp-content/uploads/Brochure-Cardiomiopatia_29giugno-2022.pdf","title":"Policlinico di Monza HCM brochure","publisher":"Institution / clinical programme","published":null,"edition_date":"2022-06-29"},"checked_at":"2026-10-08"},{"id":"swistel-career","provider_id":"daniel-swistel","family":"hcm","subject_scope":"surgeon_operator","measurement":"cumulative","procedure":"septal_myectomy","inclusion_scope":"isolated-and-combined","value":700,"relation":"more_than","display":"700+","unit":"Septal myectomies","period_label":"Cumulative; counting cutoff not stated","reported_as_of":null,"method":"Personal experience with septal myectomy; associated mitral leaflet and papillary-muscle anatomy may also be treated.","source":{"url":"https://nyulangone.org/news/she-thought-she-was-out-shape-real-culprit-potentially-deadly-heart-condition","title":"NYU Langone: Daniel Swistel surgical experience","publisher":"Institution / clinical programme","published":null},"checked_at":"2026-10-08"},{"id":"nyu-programme-cumulative","provider_id":"daniel-swistel","family":"hcm","subject_scope":"programme","measurement":"cumulative","procedure":"septal_myectomy","inclusion_scope":"isolated-and-combined","value":600,"relation":"more_than","display":"600+","unit":"Septal myectomy","period_label":"Cumulative; counting cutoff not stated","reported_as_of":null,"method":"NYU programme total; distinct from any one surgeon’s career experience.","source":{"url":"https://nyulangone.org/care-services/hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy-program","title":"NYU HCM programme","publisher":"Institution / clinical programme","published":null},"checked_at":"2026-10-08"},{"id":"mayo-period-myectomy","provider_id":"joseph-dearani","family":"hcm","subject_scope":"programme","measurement":"period_volume","procedure":"septal_myectomy","inclusion_scope":"isolated-and-combined","value":203,"relation":"exact","display":"203","unit":"HCM myectomy surgeries","period_label":"2024-06–2025-06","reported_as_of":"2025-06","method":"Mayo Rochester adult and paediatric programme; the report uses June 2024–June 2025, not a calendar year.","period_start":"2024-06","period_end":"2025-06","source":{"url":"https://medprofvideos.mayoclinic.org/2025-cardiovascular-surgery-annual-report","title":"Mayo 2025 Cardiovascular Surgery Annual Report","publisher":"Institution / clinical programme","published":null},"checked_at":"2026-10-08"},{"id":"mayo-cumulative-myectomy","provider_id":"joseph-dearani","family":"hcm","subject_scope":"programme","measurement":"cumulative","procedure":"septal_myectomy","inclusion_scope":"isolated-and-combined","value":5000,"relation":"approximately","display":"Nearly 5,000","unit":"HCM myectomies","period_label":"Cumulative; counting cutoff not stated","reported_as_of":null,"method":"Nearly 5,000 programme myectomies since the programme began in 1961. The approximate total is shown without assigning a numbered place.","period_start":"1961","source":{"url":"https://medprofvideos.mayoclinic.org/2025-cardiovascular-surgery-annual-report","title":"Mayo 2025 Cardiovascular Surgery Annual Report","publisher":"Institution / clinical programme","published":null},"checked_at":"2026-10-08"},{"id":"mayo-cumulative-apical","provider_id":"joseph-dearani","family":"hcm","subject_scope":"programme","measurement":"cumulative","procedure":"apical_myectomy_subset","inclusion_scope":"isolated-and-combined","value":500,"relation":"approximately","display":"About 500","unit":"Apical myectomies","period_label":"Cumulative; counting cutoff not stated","reported_as_of":null,"method":"Apical myectomies are part of the broader Mayo programme total, not an additional count.","source":{"url":"https://medprofvideos.mayoclinic.org/2025-cardiovascular-surgery-annual-report","title":"Mayo 2025 Cardiovascular Surgery Annual Report","publisher":"Institution / clinical programme","published":null},"checked_at":"2026-10-08"},{"id":"cui-cumulative-hcm","provider_id":"yong-cui","family":"hcm","subject_scope":"programme","measurement":"cumulative","procedure":"septal_myectomy","inclusion_scope":"isolated-and-combined","value":1000,"relation":"at_least","display":"1,000+","unit":"HCM myectomies","period_label":"Cumulative; counting cutoff not stated","reported_as_of":null,"method":"HCM myectomy programme using an underarm route that preserves the breastbone.","source":{"url":"https://mesmsurgery.com/","title":"MESM programme / Yong Cui","publisher":"Institution / clinical programme","published":null},"checked_at":"2026-10-08"},{"id":"cui-cumulative-mics","provider_id":"yong-cui","family":"hcm","subject_scope":"programme","measurement":"cumulative","procedure":"all_cardiac_mics","inclusion_scope":"isolated-and-combined","value":5000,"relation":"at_least","display":"5,000+","unit":"Minimally invasive cardiac operations across conditions","period_label":"Cumulative; counting cutoff not stated","reported_as_of":null,"method":"Minimally invasive heart operations across conditions since 2018; this is broader than HCM.","period_start":"2018","source":{"url":"https://dryongcuiheartsurgery.com/","title":"Yong Cui practice overview","publisher":"Institution / clinical programme","published":null},"checked_at":"2026-10-08"},{"id":"wei-technique-network","provider_id":"xiang-wei","family":"hcm","subject_scope":"multicentre","measurement":"cumulative","procedure":"transapical_beating_heart_subset","inclusion_scope":"isolated-and-combined","value":1000,"relation":"more_than","display":"1,000+","unit":"TA-BSM for HCM","period_label":"Cumulative; counting cutoff not stated","reported_as_of":"2024-12-23","method":"Adoption across 15 hospitals; this count describes the technique’s network, not Xiang Wei’s personal or Tongji-only volume.","period_start":"2022-04","source":{"url":"https://news.hust.edu.cn/info/1002/54288.htm","title":"HUST academic advances: Xiang Wei TA-BSM programme","publisher":"Institution / clinical programme","published":"2024-12-23"},"checked_at":"2026-10-08"},{"id":"hcm-yong-cui-programme-annual-2024-over250","provider_id":"yong-cui","family":"hcm","subject_scope":"programme","measurement":"annual","procedure":"septal_myectomy","value":250,"relation":"more_than","display":"250+","period_label":"Calendar year 2024","reported_as_of":"2024-12-31","year":2024,"period_start":"2024-01-01","period_end":"2024-12-31","method":"Right infra-axillary modified-Morrow myectomies. This technique-specific count is a minimum for the programme’s total myectomy activity; other approaches are not included.","programme_id":"zhejiang","excluded_from_surgeon_operator_ranking":true,"source":{"title":"心有“勇”术｜崔勇：寻道创新，微步致远","publisher":"严道医声网","published":"2025-01-31","url":"https://www.drvoice.cn/article/16542"},"checked_at":"2026-10-08","inclusion_scope":"isolated-and-combined","research_executor":"installed local Hermes AIAgent"},{"id":"hcm-nicholas-smedira-participation-over2000","provider_id":"nicholas-smedira","family":"hcm","subject_scope":"surgeon_participation","measurement":"cumulative","procedure":"septal_myectomy","value":2000,"relation":"more_than","display":"2,000+","period_label":"Cumulative participation; myectomy-specific start and cutoff not stated","reported_as_of":null,"method":"The institutional profile attributes participation in septal myectomies to Smedira; it does not allocate all cases to him as sole operator.","programme_id":"cleveland","excluded_from_surgeon_operator_ranking":true,"source":{"title":"Dr. Nicholas Smedira, MD - Cleveland, OH - Cardiac Surgery - Request Appointment","publisher":"Cleveland Clinic","published":null,"url":"https://providers.clevelandclinic.org/provider/nicholas-smedira/4268212"},"checked_at":"2026-10-08","inclusion_scope":"isolated-and-combined","research_executor":"installed local Hermes AIAgent"},{"id":"hcm-nicholas-smedira-programme-period-over3500","provider_id":"nicholas-smedira","family":"hcm","subject_scope":"programme","measurement":"period_volume","procedure":"septal_myectomy","value":3500,"relation":"more_than","display":"3,500+","period_label":"2002–2021; exact boundary dates not specified","reported_as_of":null,"method":"Cleveland programme experience across 2002–2021, described by Milind Desai in an official clinical discussion. It is separate from Smedira’s personal participation count.","programme_id":"cleveland","excluded_from_surgeon_operator_ranking":true,"source":{"title":"Surgical Myectomy for Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy","publisher":"Cleveland Clinic, Cardiac Consult","published":null,"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/podcasts/cardiac-consult/surgical-myectomy-for-hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy"},"checked_at":"2026-10-08","inclusion_scope":"isolated-and-combined","period_start":"2002","period_end":"2021","research_executor":"installed local Hermes AIAgent"}],"views":[{"id":"hcm-programme-annual-septal-myectomy-isolated-and-combined-2024","family":"hcm","scope":"programme","measurement":"annual","procedure":"septal_myectomy","year":2024,"title":"Programme operations · 2024 · septal myectomies","ranked":true,"count":2,"rows":[{"provider_id":"yong-cui","fact_id":"hcm-yong-cui-programme-annual-2024-over250","position":1,"position_min":1,"position_max":1,"value":250,"display":"250+","period":"Calendar year 2024","scope":"programme","procedure":"septal_myectomy","method":"Right infra-axillary modified-Morrow myectomies. This technique-specific count is a minimum for the programme’s total myectomy activity; other approaches are not included.","source_url":"https://www.drvoice.cn/article/16542"},{"provider_id":"nicholas-smedira","fact_id":"cleveland-2024-myectomy","position":2,"position_min":2,"position_max":2,"value":201,"display":"201","period":"Calendar year 2024","scope":"programme","procedure":"septal_myectomy","method":"Programme total across septal approaches, including operations with associated procedures.","source_url":"https://consultqd.clevelandclinic.org/outcome-snapshots-thoracic-surgery-lung-transplant-more"}]},{"id":"hcm-programme-cumulative-septal-myectomy-isolated-and-combined","family":"hcm","scope":"programme","measurement":"cumulative","procedure":"septal_myectomy","year":null,"title":"Programme operations · Cumulative reported experience · septal myectomies","ranked":true,"count":2,"rows":[{"provider_id":"yong-cui","fact_id":"cui-cumulative-hcm","position":null,"position_min":1,"position_max":2,"value":1000,"display":"1,000+","period":"Cumulative; counting cutoff not stated","scope":"programme","procedure":"septal_myectomy","method":"HCM myectomy programme using an underarm route that preserves the breastbone.","source_url":"https://mesmsurgery.com/"},{"provider_id":"daniel-swistel","fact_id":"nyu-programme-cumulative","position":null,"position_min":1,"position_max":2,"value":600,"display":"600+","period":"Cumulative; counting cutoff not stated","scope":"programme","procedure":"septal_myectomy","method":"NYU programme total; distinct from any one surgeon’s career experience.","source_url":"https://nyulangone.org/care-services/hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy-program"}]},{"id":"hcm-surgeon-operator-cumulative-septal-myectomy-isolated-and-combined","family":"hcm","scope":"surgeon_operator","measurement":"cumulative","procedure":"septal_myectomy","year":null,"title":"Personal operations · Cumulative reported experience · septal myectomies","ranked":false,"count":1,"rows":[{"provider_id":"daniel-swistel","fact_id":"swistel-career","position":null,"position_min":1,"position_max":1,"value":700,"display":"700+","period":"Cumulative; counting cutoff not stated","scope":"surgeon_operator","procedure":"septal_myectomy","method":"Personal experience with septal myectomy; associated mitral leaflet and papillary-muscle anatomy may also be treated.","source_url":"https://nyulangone.org/news/she-thought-she-was-out-shape-real-culprit-potentially-deadly-heart-condition"}]},{"id":"hcm-surgeon-participation-cumulative-septal-myectomy-isolated-and-combined","family":"hcm","scope":"surgeon_participation","measurement":"cumulative","procedure":"septal_myectomy","year":null,"title":"Personal participation · Cumulative reported experience · septal myectomies","ranked":false,"count":1,"rows":[{"provider_id":"nicholas-smedira","fact_id":"hcm-nicholas-smedira-participation-over2000","position":null,"position_min":1,"position_max":1,"value":2000,"display":"2,000+","period":"Cumulative participation; myectomy-specific start and cutoff not stated","scope":"surgeon_participation","procedure":"septal_myectomy","method":"The institutional profile attributes participation in septal myectomies to Smedira; it does not allocate all cases to him as sole operator.","source_url":"https://providers.clevelandclinic.org/provider/nicholas-smedira/4268212"}]}],"providers":[{"id":"yong-cui","name":"Yong Cui","clinic_id":"zhejiang","json_url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/wp-content/uploads/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/pages/doctor-yong-cui.json"},{"id":"nicholas-smedira","name":"Nicholas Smedira","clinic_id":"cleveland","json_url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/wp-content/uploads/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/pages/doctor-nicholas-smedira.json"},{"id":"paolo-ferrazzi","name":"Paolo Ferrazzi","clinic_id":"policlinico-monza","json_url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/wp-content/uploads/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/pages/doctor-paolo-ferrazzi.json"},{"id":"daniel-swistel","name":"Daniel G. Swistel","clinic_id":"nyu-langone","json_url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/wp-content/uploads/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/pages/doctor-daniel-swistel.json"},{"id":"joseph-dearani","name":"Joseph A. Dearani","clinic_id":"mayo-rochester","json_url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/wp-content/uploads/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/pages/doctor-joseph-dearani.json"},{"id":"xiang-wei","name":"Xiang Wei","clinic_id":"tongji-wuhan","json_url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/wp-content/uploads/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/pages/doctor-xiang-wei.json"}],"excluded":[{"fact_id":"rastegar-career","reason":"historical count; retained in profile"},{"fact_id":"ferrazzi-career","reason":"historical count; retained in profile"},{"fact_id":"mayo-period-myectomy","reason":"study or non-calendar period"},{"fact_id":"mayo-cumulative-myectomy","reason":"approximate count"},{"fact_id":"mayo-cumulative-apical","reason":"broader or different procedure"},{"fact_id":"cui-cumulative-mics","reason":"broader or different procedure"},{"fact_id":"wei-technique-network","reason":"multiple centres"},{"fact_id":"hcm-nicholas-smedira-programme-period-over3500","reason":"study or non-calendar period"}],"default_views":{"hcm":"hcm-programme-annual-septal-myectomy-isolated-and-combined-2024"},"coverage":[{"provider_id":"yong-cui","family":"hcm","gaps":["No independently allocated surgeon-only cumulative count.","No current daily operating tally.","Undated practice sites differ in labelling 1,000+ as HCM myectomies versus MESM."],"source_ids":["rank-cui148","rank-cui100","cui-2024-volume"],"unresolved_source_ids":["cui-mesm","cui-practice"]},{"provider_id":"nicholas-smedira","family":"hcm","gaps":["Official personal claim uses participated; no sole-operator current cumulative tally.","2024 annual count belongs to programme."],"source_ids":["rank-cleveland1559"],"unresolved_source_ids":["smedira-official","cleveland-2024"]},{"provider_id":"paolo-ferrazzi","family":"hcm","gaps":["Career threshold is published in 2022 brochure, not updated 2026 annual activity.","Exact accrual years unavailable in 2026 abstract."],"source_ids":["depth-ferrazzi-2026"],"unresolved_source_ids":["ferrazzi-brochure"]},{"provider_id":"daniel-swistel","family":"hcm","gaps":["No calendar-year procedure count located.","Personal count article has no displayed publication or cutoff date."],"source_ids":["depth-rpr77"],"unresolved_source_ids":["swistel700","nyu-programme"]},{"provider_id":"joseph-dearani","family":"hcm","gaps":["No personal myectomy count in inspected official biography.","Mayo 203 is June 2024–June 2025, not calendar annual.","Nearly 5,000/close to 500 are approximate programme counts."],"source_ids":["depth-mayo-apical"],"unresolved_source_ids":["mayo2025"]},{"provider_id":"xiang-wei","family":"hcm","gaps":["No primary source allocating cumulative or calendar-annual HCM activity to Tongji alone or Wei personally.",">1000 institutional announcement describes adoption across 15 hospitals.","2026 press claims of 1500 vary between team and 18 centres, excluded from ranking."],"source_ids":["rank-tongji418"],"unresolved_source_ids":["wei-hust"]}]},"sources":{"C06":{"id":"C06","title":"Minimally invasive heart surgery","url":"https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/minimally-invasive-heart-surgery/about/pac-20384895","publisher":"Mayo Clinic","published":"2025-12-30","read_at":"2026-10-08","source_type":"Hospital patient information","body_access":"full_public_page_read","support_location":"Overview; Why it is done; Risks; During; Robot-assisted heart surgery"},"C10":{"id":"C10","title":"2024 AHA/ACC/Multisociety Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Guideline: Key Points","url":"https://www.acc.org/Latest-in-Cardiology/ten-points-to-remember/2024/05/06/15/12/2024-hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy-gl","publisher":"American College of Cardiology","published":"2024-05-08","read_at":"2026-10-07","source_type":"Professional society guideline summary"},"cui-personal":{"id":"cui-personal","title":"Dr. Yong Cui — No-Visible-Scar Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery","url":"https://dryongcuiheartsurgery.com/","read_at":"2026-10-08","source_type":"surgeon_personal_site"},"D07":{"id":"D07","title":"2024 HCM guideline: official teaching slides","url":"https://professional.heart.org/-/media/PHD-Files/Education/2024_HCM_Guideline_for_the_Management_of_HCM_Slide_Deck.pdf","publisher":"American Heart Association","read_at":"2026-10-07","source_type":"Official medical information or guideline"},"rank-cui148":{"id":"rank-cui148","title":"An innovative minimally invasive approach for HOCM: transaortic septal myectomy via right infra-axillary incision","url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11632347/","read_at":"2026-10-07","source_kind":"primary_study","body_access":"full_text_XML_read","support_location":"Methods; Results; Tables1–2; Limitations; author affiliations","short_excerpt":"148 consecutive patients with symptomatic HOCM","source_type":"primary_study"},"rank-cui100":{"id":"rank-cui100","title":"Minimally Invasive Electro Septal Myectomy for HOCM Through a Right Infra-Axillary Incision","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2025.09.023","read_at":"2026-10-07","source_kind":"primary_study","body_access":"primary_abstract_read_full_text_subscription","support_location":"PubMed41109584 abstract; online2025, printMay2026","short_excerpt":"The cohort comprised 100 patients","source_type":"primary_study"},"rank-cui-mesm":{"id":"rank-cui-mesm","title":"MESM: minimally invasive electro septal myectomy","url":"https://mesmsurgery.com/","read_at":"2026-10-08","source_kind":"surgeon_personal_site","body_access":"full_public_page_read","support_location":"Technique; Publications; Team","short_excerpt":"A long electrocautery hook (46cm)","source_type":"surgeon_personal_site"},"rank-tongji418":{"id":"rank-tongji418","title":"TA-BSM for obstructive HCM: Lessons Learned After the Learning Curve Period","url":"https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.124.015044","read_at":"2026-10-07","source_kind":"primary_study","body_access":"primary_abstract_read_publisher403","support_location":"PubMed40315478; Methods/Results","short_excerpt":"418 patients with heterogeneous anatomic presentations","source_type":"primary_study"},"rank-cleveland1559":{"id":"rank-cleveland1559","title":"Surgical management of LVOT obstruction in a specialized HOCM center","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2018.11.148","read_at":"2026-10-07","source_kind":"primary_study","body_access":"primary_abstract_read_full_text_subscription","support_location":"PubMed30782406; Methods/Results","short_excerpt":"1559 consecutive operations for left ventricular outflow tract obstruction","source_type":"primary_study"},"rank-smedira-current":{"id":"rank-smedira-current","title":"Nicholas Smedira, MD — Cleveland Clinic","url":"https://providers.clevelandclinic.org/provider/nicholas-smedira/4268212","read_at":"2026-10-07","source_kind":"official_hospital_profile","body_access":"full_page_read","support_location":"Biography; Specialty interests; Number of Procedures Performed; Locations","short_excerpt":"including 350 heart transplants and more than 2,000 septal myectomies","source_type":"official_hospital_profile"},"rank-tongji-current":{"id":"rank-tongji-current","title":"Tongji Hospital: Cardiac and Great Vessel Surgery","url":"https://www.tjh.com.cn/channels/1008.html","read_at":"2026-10-07","source_kind":"official_hospital_department","body_access":"full_page_read","support_location":"Department introduction and HCM subsection, observed lines 41, 45, 55, 94","short_excerpt":"科室主任魏翔教授","interpretation":"Lists Xiang Wei as department director and attributes transapical beating-heart septal myectomy system development to him.","source_type":"official_hospital_department"},"cleveland-smedira":{"url":"https://providers.clevelandclinic.org/provider/nicholas-smedira/4268212","title":"Nicholas Smedira — current clinical profile","publisher":"Cleveland Clinic"},"cleveland-hcm1559":{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2018.11.148","title":"Surgical management of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction in a specialized hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy center","publisher":"Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery"},"DX04":{"id":"DX04","title":"Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: diagnosis and treatment","url":"https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350204","publisher":"Mayo Clinic","published":null,"source_type":"Official hospital patient information and embedded specialist explanation; body inspected","read_at":"2026-10-08"},"DX10":{"id":"DX10","title":"Septal myectomy: procedure and risks","url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/17461-septal-myectomy","publisher":"Cleveland Clinic","published":"2022-05-16","source_type":"Official hospital procedure information; body inspected","read_at":"2026-10-08"},"DX11":{"id":"DX11","title":"Alcohol septal ablation: procedure and risks","url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/22498-alcohol-septal-ablation","publisher":"Cleveland Clinic","published":"2022-02-23","source_type":"Official hospital procedure information; body inspected; broad superiority and recovery claims not adopted","read_at":"2026-10-08"},"DX12":{"id":"DX12","title":"CAMZYOS prescribing information, April 2025 revision","url":"https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2025/214998s010lbl.pdf","publisher":"US Food and Drug Administration","published":"2025-04","source_type":"Dated regulator label; used for monitoring and safety, not current full indication","read_at":"2026-10-08"},"DX13":{"id":"DX13","title":"MYQORZO (aficamten): FDA drug trials snapshot","url":"https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-trials-snapshots/drug-trials-snapshots-myqorzo","publisher":"US Food and Drug Administration","published":"2025-12-19","source_type":"Regulator original-approval trial summary; body inspected","read_at":"2026-10-08"},"depth-ferrazzi-2026":{"title":"Ferrazzi et al. · JACC 2026 · 350 patients","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42307496/","publisher":"JACC / PubMed","read_at":"2026-10-08","label":"Ferrazzi et al. · JACC 2026 · 350 patients","retrieval":"Europe PMC full indexed abstract; PMID 42307496","published":"2026-06-17"},"depth-monza-brochure":{"title":"Policlinico di Monza · heart centre brochure (2023)","url":"https://www.policlinicodimonza.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BROCHURE-CENTRO-CUORE-MONZA_marzo23_WEB.pdf","publisher":"Official hospital / clinical programme","read_at":"2026-10-08","label":"Policlinico di Monza · heart centre brochure (2023)","published":"2023"},"depth-swistel":{"title":"NYU Langone · Daniel Swistel","url":"https://nyulangone.org/doctors/1083603690/daniel-g-swistel","publisher":"Official hospital / clinical programme","read_at":"2026-10-08","label":"NYU Langone · Daniel Swistel"},"depth-nyu-hcm":{"title":"NYU Langone · HCM programme","url":"https://nyulangone.org/care-services/hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy-program","publisher":"Official hospital / clinical programme","read_at":"2026-10-08","label":"NYU Langone · HCM programme"},"depth-rpr77":{"title":"Resect–plicate–release · 77-patient study (2015)","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26272699/","publisher":"Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography / PubMed","read_at":"2026-10-08","label":"Resect–plicate–release · 77-patient study (2015)","retrieval":"Europe PMC full indexed abstract"},"depth-dearani":{"title":"Mayo Clinic · Joseph Dearani","url":"https://www.mayoclinic.org/biographies/dearani-joseph-a-m-d/bio-20053326","publisher":"Official hospital / clinical programme","read_at":"2026-10-08","label":"Mayo Clinic · Joseph Dearani","retrieval":"Official profile body via web search; direct HTTP route returned 403"},"depth-mayo-hcm":{"title":"Mayo Clinic · HCM treatment options","url":"https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350204","publisher":"Official hospital / clinical programme","read_at":"2026-10-08","label":"Mayo Clinic · HCM treatment options"},"depth-mayo-apical":{"title":"Mayo · 67 patients with apical aneurysm repair","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37029070/","publisher":"JTCVS / PubMed","read_at":"2026-10-08","label":"Mayo · 67 patients with apical aneurysm repair","retrieval":"Europe PMC full indexed abstract; online 2023, journal issue 2024"},"depth-tongji":{"title":"Tongji Hospital · cardiovascular surgery department","url":"https://www.tjh.com.cn/channels/1008.html","publisher":"Official hospital / clinical programme","read_at":"2026-10-08","label":"Tongji Hospital · cardiovascular surgery department","retrieval":"Official page body via web tool; direct HTTP timed out"},"tp-cui100":{"title":"MESM: 100-patient observational study","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41109584/","kind":"primary clinical study; abstract read","published":"2025-10-17","checked":"2026-10-08","accessed":"2026-10-08"},"tp-cui148":{"title":"Infra-axillary myectomy: earlier 148-patient study","url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11632347/","kind":"primary clinical study; full text","published":"2024-09-16","checked":"2026-10-08","accessed":"2026-10-08"},"tp-cui-practice":{"title":"Yong Cui — practice and institutional role","url":"https://dryongcuiheartsurgery.com/","kind":"surgeon practice site","checked":"2026-10-08","accessed":"2026-10-08"},"tp-hcm-guideline":{"title":"2024 AHA/ACC HCM guideline — ACC summary","url":"https://www.acc.org/Latest-in-Cardiology/ten-points-to-remember/2024/05/06/15/12/2024-hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy-gl","kind":"professional society guideline summary","checked":"2026-10-08","accessed":"2026-10-08"},"tp-recovery-cleveland":{"title":"Cleveland Clinic: septal myectomy pathway","url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/17461-septal-myectomy","kind":"hospital patient information; myectomy","checked":"2026-10-08","accessed":"2026-10-08"},"tp-monza":{"title":"Monza: 350-patient myectomy and chordal-cutting cohort","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42307496/","kind":"primary clinical study; indexed abstract read","checked":"2026-10-08","accessed":"2026-10-08"},"tp-cleveland":{"title":"Cleveland: 1,559 operations in a specialised HCM centre","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2018.11.148","kind":"primary clinical study; prior research edition","checked":"2026-10-08","accessed":"2026-10-08"},"pc-smedira-current":{"title":"Current official surgeon profile","url":"https://providers.clevelandclinic.org/provider/nicholas-smedira/4268212","kind":"official hospital page","checked":"2026-10-08","accessed":"2026-10-08"},"pc-cleveland-myectomy":{"title":"Septal myectomy patient information","url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/17461-septal-myectomy","kind":"official hospital page","checked":"2026-10-08","accessed":"2026-10-08"},"pc-cleveland-podcast":{"title":"Desai and Smedira: diagnostic and surgical decision-making","url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/podcasts/cardiac-consult/surgical-myectomy-for-hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy","kind":"official hospital page","checked":"2026-10-08","accessed":"2026-10-08"},"pc-nyu-programme":{"title":"NYU HCM programme","url":"https://nyulangone.org/care-services/hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy-program","kind":"official hospital page","checked":"2026-10-08","accessed":"2026-10-08"},"pc-nyu-swistel":{"title":"Current official Swistel profile","url":"https://nyulangone.org/doctors/1083603690/daniel-g-swistel","kind":"official hospital page","checked":"2026-10-08","accessed":"2026-10-08"},"pc-monza350":{"title":"Long-Term Outcome of Myectomy Associated With Secondary Mitral Valve Chordal Cutting in Obstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42307496/","kind":"primary peer-reviewed study; indexed abstract","checked":"2026-10-08","accessed":"2026-10-08"},"pc-rpr77":{"title":"Echocardiography before and after resect-plicate-release surgical myectomy for obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26272699/","kind":"primary peer-reviewed study; indexed abstract","checked":"2026-10-08","accessed":"2026-10-08"},"pc-hcm-guideline":{"title":"2024 AHA/ACC multisociety HCM guideline key points","url":"https://www.acc.org/Latest-in-Cardiology/ten-points-to-remember/2024/05/06/15/12/2024-hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy-gl","kind":"official society guideline summary","checked":"2026-10-08","accessed":"2026-10-08"},"br-sternum-gstt":{"title":"Guy’s and St Thomas’: breastbone healing and movement after heart surgery","url":"https://www.guysandstthomas.nhs.uk/health-information/physiotherapy-heart-surgery","publisher":"Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust","published":"2024-03","checked":"2026-10-08","source_type":"Hospital postoperative physiotherapy guidance","body_access":"full_public_page_read","support_location":"Sternotomy or hemisternotomy; Right anterior thoracotomy, mini thoracotomy, lateral thoracotomy"},"cui-2024-volume":{"title":"Cui team: 2024 annual clinical activity report (published 31 January 2025)","url":"https://www.drvoice.cn/article/16542","read_at":"2026-10-08","source_type":"provider_authored_activity_report","published":"2025-01-31","support_location":"Technical innovation: more than 250 right infra-axillary modified-Morrow operations in 2024"},"volume-cleveland-2024-myectomy":{"id":"volume-cleveland-2024-myectomy","title":"Cleveland Clinic 2024 HOCM data highlights","url":"https://consultqd.clevelandclinic.org/outcome-snapshots-thoracic-surgery-lung-transplant-more","publisher":"Institution / clinical programme","published":"2025-08-27","read_at":"2026-10-08","source_type":"Reported clinical activity; scope shown with figure"},"volume-rastegar-career":{"id":"volume-rastegar-career","title":"BIDMC: Rastegar lifetime surgical experience","url":"https://bidmc.org/news-stories/all-news-stories/stories/2023/02/surgery-restores-heart-of-hcm-patient","publisher":"Institution / clinical programme","published":"2023-02-20","read_at":"2026-10-08","source_type":"Reported clinical activity; scope shown with figure"},"volume-ferrazzi-career":{"id":"volume-ferrazzi-career","title":"Policlinico di Monza HCM brochure","url":"https://www.policlinicodimonza.it/wp-content/uploads/Brochure-Cardiomiopatia_29giugno-2022.pdf","publisher":"Institution / clinical programme","published":null,"read_at":"2026-10-08","source_type":"Reported clinical activity; scope shown with figure"},"volume-swistel-career":{"id":"volume-swistel-career","title":"NYU Langone: Daniel Swistel surgical experience","url":"https://nyulangone.org/news/she-thought-she-was-out-shape-real-culprit-potentially-deadly-heart-condition","publisher":"Institution / clinical programme","published":null,"read_at":"2026-10-08","source_type":"Reported clinical activity; scope shown with figure"},"volume-nyu-programme-cumulative":{"id":"volume-nyu-programme-cumulative","title":"NYU HCM programme","url":"https://nyulangone.org/care-services/hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy-program","publisher":"Institution / clinical programme","published":null,"read_at":"2026-10-08","source_type":"Reported clinical activity; scope shown with figure"},"volume-mayo-period-myectomy":{"id":"volume-mayo-period-myectomy","title":"Mayo 2025 Cardiovascular Surgery Annual Report","url":"https://medprofvideos.mayoclinic.org/2025-cardiovascular-surgery-annual-report","publisher":"Institution / clinical programme","published":null,"read_at":"2026-10-08","source_type":"Reported clinical activity; scope shown with figure"},"volume-mayo-cumulative-myectomy":{"id":"volume-mayo-cumulative-myectomy","title":"Mayo 2025 Cardiovascular Surgery Annual Report","url":"https://medprofvideos.mayoclinic.org/2025-cardiovascular-surgery-annual-report","publisher":"Institution / clinical programme","published":null,"read_at":"2026-10-08","source_type":"Reported clinical activity; scope shown with figure"},"volume-mayo-cumulative-apical":{"id":"volume-mayo-cumulative-apical","title":"Mayo 2025 Cardiovascular Surgery Annual Report","url":"https://medprofvideos.mayoclinic.org/2025-cardiovascular-surgery-annual-report","publisher":"Institution / clinical programme","published":null,"read_at":"2026-10-08","source_type":"Reported clinical activity; scope shown with figure"},"volume-cui-cumulative-hcm":{"id":"volume-cui-cumulative-hcm","title":"MESM programme / Yong Cui","url":"https://mesmsurgery.com/","publisher":"Institution / clinical programme","published":null,"read_at":"2026-10-08","source_type":"Reported clinical activity; scope shown with figure"},"volume-cui-cumulative-mics":{"id":"volume-cui-cumulative-mics","title":"Yong Cui practice overview","url":"https://dryongcuiheartsurgery.com/","publisher":"Institution / clinical programme","published":null,"read_at":"2026-10-08","source_type":"Reported clinical activity; scope shown with figure"},"volume-wei-technique-network":{"id":"volume-wei-technique-network","title":"HUST academic advances: Xiang Wei TA-BSM programme","url":"https://news.hust.edu.cn/info/1002/54288.htm","publisher":"Institution / clinical programme","published":"2024-12-23","read_at":"2026-10-08","source_type":"Reported clinical activity; scope shown with figure"},"volume-hcm-yong-cui-programme-annual-2024-over250":{"id":"volume-hcm-yong-cui-programme-annual-2024-over250","title":"心有“勇”术｜崔勇：寻道创新，微步致远","url":"https://www.drvoice.cn/article/16542","publisher":"严道医声网","published":"2025-01-31","read_at":"2026-10-08","source_type":"Reported clinical activity; scope shown with figure"},"volume-hcm-nicholas-smedira-participation-over2000":{"id":"volume-hcm-nicholas-smedira-participation-over2000","title":"Dr. Nicholas Smedira, MD - Cleveland, OH - Cardiac Surgery - Request Appointment","url":"https://providers.clevelandclinic.org/provider/nicholas-smedira/4268212","publisher":"Cleveland Clinic","published":null,"read_at":"2026-10-08","source_type":"Reported clinical activity; scope shown with figure"},"volume-hcm-nicholas-smedira-programme-period-over3500":{"id":"volume-hcm-nicholas-smedira-programme-period-over3500","title":"Surgical Myectomy for Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy","url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/podcasts/cardiac-consult/surgical-myectomy-for-hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy","publisher":"Cleveland Clinic, Cardiac Consult","published":null,"read_at":"2026-10-08","source_type":"Reported clinical activity; scope shown with figure"}}}