{"schema_version":"bookimed.page-context.v1","id":"clinic-cleveland","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/clinic-cleveland/","json_url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/wp-content/uploads/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/pages/clinic-cleveland.json","index_url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/wp-content/uploads/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/pages/index.json","full_dataset_url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/wp-content/uploads/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/content.json","content_revision":"source-driven-rankings-20261008","date_modified":"2026-10-08","language":"en","kind":"clinic-profile","title":"Cleveland Clinic: heart surgery expertise","summary":"Cleveland’s cardiac services bring together different expertise: Gillinov’s mitral/robotic work, Smedira’s myectomy practice, Kapadia’s catheter valve treatment and Unai’s endocarditis and redo reconstruction. Its published cohorts show why valve anatomy and supporting tissues can matter as much as the incision.","research_credit":{"name":"Yevhenii Kozlov","role":"Co-Founder of Bookimed","url":"https://us-uk.bookimed.com/ceo/kozlov/","contribution":"Research personally prepared and reviewed","assistance":"AI tools assisted source research."},"editorial_scope":"Source-based patient information; an individual treatment plan requires clinical review.","research_method":"How this guide is researched and compared Research project led by Yevhenii Kozlov . We link clinical guidance, primary studies and named hospital or offer sources beside the relevant statements. Comparisons distinguish individual operators from programme results and preserve the study population, follow-up and limitations. Prices are dated examples with their stated scope. Research and editorial preparation are separate from clinical review; no named clinician has medically reviewed this edition. Bookimed provides care coordination. Partner and reference programmes are identified from their sources; paid ordering is not used in our published-cohort comparison. Read the editorial policy .","key_takeaways":[{"label":"HCM beyond septal muscle","text":"The 2005–2015 series included 522 operations combining myectomy with mitral or subvalvular treatment.","sources":["cleveland-hcm1559"]},{"label":"Robotic mitral repair","text":"The 2006–2013 series completed 992 repairs in 997 attempts among 1,000 robotic mitral operations.","sources":["cleveland-mitral1000"]},{"label":"Catheter and reconstructive pathways","text":"Official profiles separately identify Kapadia’s TAVR work and Unai’s endocarditis and complex repeat-surgery practice.","sources":["pd-adult-kapadia-official","SP13"]}],"benefits":[{"text":"Distinct valve, myectomy, catheter and endocarditis specialists support different anatomical problems rather than a single general cardiac-surgery label.","sources":["cleveland-hcm1559","cleveland-mitral1000","pd-adult-kapadia-official","SP13","cleveland-valve-center","cleveland-robotic-current","cleveland-smedira","pd-adult-partner3","SP21","SP22"]}],"limitations":[{"text":"These cohorts concern different diseases and historical periods. Repair completion is not freedom from later leakage; authorship and current appointments do not allocate a centre’s entire case count to an individual surgeon.","sources":["cleveland-hcm1559","cleveland-mitral1000","pd-adult-kapadia-official","SP13","cleveland-valve-center","cleveland-robotic-current","cleveland-smedira","pd-adult-partner3","SP21","SP22"]}],"sections":[{"id":"benefit-balance","title":"Clinical benefits and limitations","text":"Clinical benefits and limitations Potential advantages Distinct valve, myectomy, catheter and endocarditis specialists support different anatomical problems rather than a single general cardiac-surgery label. Sources: Surgical management of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction in a specialized hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy center · Early results of robotically assisted mitral valve surgery: Analysis of the first 1000 cases · Samir Kapadia, MD · Shinya Unai, MD — cardiac surgery profile · Mitral and Tricuspid Valve Center · Robotically Assisted Mitral Valve Repair: Patient Applications Grow · Nicholas Smedira — current clinical profile · Transcatheter or Surgical Aortic-Valve Replacement in Low-Risk Patients at 7 Years. · The Hidden Burden of Native Aortic Valve Endocarditis: Reevaluating Diagnostic and Pathologic Challenges. · Mitral valve abscess: echocardiographic imaging, microbiology, management, and outcomes. Trade-offs and limits These cohorts concern different diseases and historical periods. Repair completion is not freedom from later leakage; authorship and current appointments do not allocate a centre’s entire case count to an individual surgeon. Sources: Surgical management of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction in a specialized hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy center · Early results of robotically assisted mitral valve surgery: Analysis of the first 1000 cases · Samir Kapadia, MD · Shinya Unai, MD — cardiac surgery profile · Mitral and Tricuspid Valve Center · Robotically Assisted Mitral Valve Repair: Patient Applications Grow · Nicholas Smedira — current clinical profile · Transcatheter or Surgical Aortic-Valve Replacement in Low-Risk Patients at 7 Years. · The Hidden Burden of Native Aortic Valve Endocarditis: Reevaluating Diagnostic and Pathologic Challenges. · Mitral valve abscess: echocardiographic imaging, microbiology, management, and outcomes.","links":[{"label":"Surgical management of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction in a specialized hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy center","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2018.11.148"},{"label":"Early results of robotically assisted mitral valve surgery: Analysis of the first 1000 cases","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28893396/"},{"label":"Samir Kapadia, MD","url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/staff/5003-samir-kapadia"},{"label":"Shinya Unai, MD — cardiac surgery profile","url":"https://providers.clevelandclinic.org/provider/shinya-unai/4268207"},{"label":"Mitral and Tricuspid Valve Center","url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/departments/heart/depts/mitral-and-tricuspid-valve-center"},{"label":"Robotically Assisted Mitral Valve Repair: Patient Applications Grow","url":"https://consultqd.clevelandclinic.org/robotically-assisted-mitral-valve-repair-patient-applications-grow"},{"label":"Nicholas Smedira — current clinical profile","url":"https://providers.clevelandclinic.org/provider/nicholas-smedira/4268212"},{"label":"Transcatheter or Surgical Aortic-Valve Replacement in Low-Risk Patients at 7 Years.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41144631/"},{"label":"The Hidden Burden of Native Aortic Valve Endocarditis: Reevaluating Diagnostic and Pathologic Challenges.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41482022/"},{"label":"Mitral valve abscess: echocardiographic imaging, microbiology, management, and outcomes.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42394651/"},{"label":"Surgical management of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction in a specialized hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy center","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2018.11.148"},{"label":"Early results of robotically assisted mitral valve surgery: Analysis of the first 1000 cases","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28893396/"},{"label":"Samir Kapadia, MD","url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/staff/5003-samir-kapadia"},{"label":"Shinya Unai, MD — cardiac surgery profile","url":"https://providers.clevelandclinic.org/provider/shinya-unai/4268207"},{"label":"Mitral and Tricuspid Valve Center","url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/departments/heart/depts/mitral-and-tricuspid-valve-center"},{"label":"Robotically Assisted Mitral Valve Repair: Patient Applications Grow","url":"https://consultqd.clevelandclinic.org/robotically-assisted-mitral-valve-repair-patient-applications-grow"},{"label":"Nicholas Smedira — current clinical profile","url":"https://providers.clevelandclinic.org/provider/nicholas-smedira/4268212"},{"label":"Transcatheter or Surgical Aortic-Valve Replacement in Low-Risk Patients at 7 Years.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41144631/"},{"label":"The Hidden Burden of Native Aortic Valve Endocarditis: Reevaluating Diagnostic and Pathologic Challenges.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41482022/"},{"label":"Mitral valve abscess: echocardiographic imaging, microbiology, management, and outcomes.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42394651/"}]},{"id":"specialists","title":"Specialists and their clinical work","text":"Specialists and their clinical work Portrait source ↗ Cleveland, Ohio · United States cardiac surgeon A. Marc Gillinov → A. Marc Gillinov’s Cleveland Clinic practice focuses on mitral repair and robotic mitral surgery. He also leads surgical atrial-fibrillation work, a relevant combination when a leaking valve and an abnormal rhythm occur together. Cleveland Clinic → Sources: A. Marc Gillinov, MD | Cleveland Clinic · Early results of robotically assisted mitral valve surgery: Analysis of the first 1000 cases View expertise and research → Portrait source ↗ Cleveland, Ohio · United States cardiac surgeon Nicholas Smedira → Nicholas Smedira is a Cleveland Clinic myectomy specialist. The centre’s HCM evidence is particularly informative when obstruction involves the mitral valve or its supporting muscles alongside a thickened septum. Cleveland Clinic → Sources: Nicholas Smedira, MD — Cleveland Clinic · Surgical management of LVOT obstruction in a specialized HOCM center View expertise and research → Portrait source ↗ Cleveland, Ohio · United States interventional cardiologist Samir Kapadia → Samir Kapadia is a Cleveland Clinic interventional cardiologist whose practice includes TAVR and other percutaneous valve treatments. His role is catheter therapy within a heart team; surgical valve replacement is performed by a cardiac surgeon. Cleveland Clinic → Sources: Samir Kapadia, MD · Transcatheter or Surgical Aortic-Valve Replacement in Low-Risk Patients at 7 Years. View expertise and research → Portrait source ↗ Cleveland, Ohio · United States cardiac surgeon Shinya Unai → Shinya Unai’s Cleveland Clinic practice explicitly includes endocarditis and complex reoperative surgery. Infection can extend beyond a valve into the root or tissue between valves, requiring more extensive reconstruction. Cleveland Clinic → Sources: Shinya Unai, MD — cardiac surgery profile · The Hidden Burden of Native Aortic Valve Endocarditis: Reevaluating Diagnostic and Pathologic Challenges. View expertise and research →","links":[{"label":"Portrait source ↗","url":"https://providers.clevelandclinic.org/provider/a-marc-gillinov/4268438"},{"label":"A. Marc Gillinov →","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/doctor-marc-gillinov/"},{"label":"Cleveland Clinic →","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/clinic-cleveland/"},{"label":"A. Marc Gillinov, MD | Cleveland Clinic","url":"https://providers.clevelandclinic.org/provider/a-marc-gillinov/4268438"},{"label":"Early results of robotically assisted mitral valve surgery: Analysis of the first 1000 cases","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28893396/"},{"label":"View expertise and research →","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/doctor-marc-gillinov/"},{"label":"Portrait source ↗","url":"https://providers.clevelandclinic.org/provider/nicholas-smedira/4268212"},{"label":"Nicholas Smedira →","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/doctor-nicholas-smedira/"},{"label":"Cleveland Clinic →","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/clinic-cleveland/"},{"label":"Nicholas Smedira, MD — Cleveland Clinic","url":"https://providers.clevelandclinic.org/provider/nicholas-smedira/4268212"},{"label":"Surgical management of LVOT obstruction in a specialized HOCM center","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2018.11.148"},{"label":"View expertise and research →","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/doctor-nicholas-smedira/"},{"label":"Portrait source ↗","url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/staff/5003-samir-kapadia"},{"label":"Samir Kapadia →","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/doctor-samir-kapadia/"},{"label":"Cleveland Clinic →","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/clinic-cleveland/"},{"label":"Samir Kapadia, MD","url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/staff/5003-samir-kapadia"},{"label":"Transcatheter or Surgical Aortic-Valve Replacement in Low-Risk Patients at 7 Years.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41144631/"},{"label":"View expertise and research →","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/doctor-samir-kapadia/"},{"label":"Portrait source ↗","url":"https://providers.clevelandclinic.org/provider/shinya-unai/4268207"},{"label":"Shinya Unai →","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/doctor-shinya-unai/"},{"label":"Cleveland Clinic →","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/clinic-cleveland/"},{"label":"Shinya Unai, MD — cardiac surgery profile","url":"https://providers.clevelandclinic.org/provider/shinya-unai/4268207"},{"label":"The Hidden Burden of Native Aortic Valve Endocarditis: Reevaluating Diagnostic and Pathologic Challenges.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41482022/"},{"label":"View expertise and research →","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/doctor-shinya-unai/"}]},{"id":"evidence","title":"Procedure-specific research","text":"Procedure-specific research Read alongside A. Marc Gillinov’s profile → A learning-curve comparison inside one robotic programme. 1,000 robotic mitral operations. 2006–2013 · published 2017/2018. Reported stroke fell from 2.0% in the first 500 cases to 0.8% in the second 500. This is an unadjusted time comparison, not proof that volume alone caused the change. Hospital and early results, not a long-term durability study. How to interpret this: Institutional series; Gillinov is first author, without per-surgeon case allocation. The current official programme also names Per Wierup. Screened robotic candidates. Historical figures do not establish current individual outcomes. Sources: Early results of robotically assisted mitral valve surgery: Analysis of the first 1000 cases Read alongside Nicholas Smedira’s profile → A broad surgical series that includes mitral and subvalvular correction. 1,530 myectomy-containing operations. 2005–2015 · study published 2019. 522 operations combined myectomy with mitral or subvalvular intervention. Those patients had thinner septums on average than patients without mitral intervention. Perioperative outcomes in the primary abstract; no comparable long-term duration extracted. How to interpret this: Smedira is a currently listed myectomy specialist and study coauthor. The primary abstract says one surgeon, but does not name that operator. These are programme-study results. 1,530 is derived from 586 isolated + 522 with mitral/subvalvular work + 422 with other procedures. Another 29 operations were mitral-only. This is not current annual volume. Sources: Surgical management of LVOT obstruction in a specialized HOCM center · Nicholas Smedira, MD — Cleveland Clinic Read alongside Samir Kapadia’s profile → Seven-year randomized comparison of TAVR and surgery PARTNER 3 randomized 1,000 low-risk patients with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis. At seven years the report found no significant difference in its two primary composite endpoints involving death, stroke and rehospitalization. How to interpret this: Selected trial population and a particular transcatheter platform; industry funded. It does not establish lifetime durability, suitability for every anatomy, or Kapadia-specific complication rates. Sources: Transcatheter or Surgical Aortic-Valve Replacement in Low-Risk Patients at 7 Years. Read alongside Shinya Unai’s profile → Abscess disease needs context A 2026 coauthored report describes 154 adults with mitral valve abscess drawn from historical Cleveland databases. Many required complex surgery, including reconstruction of the aortomitral continuity. How to interpret this: A high-risk referral cohort with variable follow-up, not a contemporary personal success rate. Mortality over all follow-up must not be presented as a fixed-year risk. Sources: Mitral valve abscess: echocardiographic imaging, microbiology, management, and outcomes. Read alongside Shinya Unai’s profile → Imaging may understate reconstruction needs A separate historical surgical cohort found invasive native aortic infection could be absent from preoperative imaging findings. How to interpret this: Selected patients who underwent surgery at one tertiary centre; not a rule that imaging is unnecessary or inaccurate in every case. Sources: The Hidden Burden of Native Aortic Valve Endocarditis: Reevaluating Diagnostic and Pathologic Challenges.","links":[{"label":"A. Marc Gillinov’s profile →","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/doctor-marc-gillinov/"},{"label":"Early results of robotically assisted mitral valve surgery: Analysis of the first 1000 cases","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28893396/"},{"label":"Nicholas Smedira’s profile →","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/doctor-nicholas-smedira/"},{"label":"Surgical management of LVOT obstruction in a specialized HOCM center","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2018.11.148"},{"label":"Nicholas Smedira, MD — Cleveland Clinic","url":"https://providers.clevelandclinic.org/provider/nicholas-smedira/4268212"},{"label":"Samir Kapadia’s profile →","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/doctor-samir-kapadia/"},{"label":"Transcatheter or Surgical Aortic-Valve Replacement in Low-Risk Patients at 7 Years.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41144631/"},{"label":"Shinya Unai’s profile →","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/doctor-shinya-unai/"},{"label":"Mitral valve abscess: echocardiographic imaging, microbiology, management, and outcomes.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42394651/"},{"label":"Shinya Unai’s profile →","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/doctor-shinya-unai/"},{"label":"The Hidden Burden of Native Aortic Valve Endocarditis: Reevaluating Diagnostic and Pathologic Challenges.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41482022/"}]},{"id":"treatment-programmes","title":"Treatment programmes and package prices","text":"Treatment programmes and package prices Cleveland, United States Nicholas Smedira · complex HCM surgery ↗ Nicholas Smedira Cleveland Clinic HCM Center Specialist HCM imaging and myectomy that can also correct mitral-leaflet or papillary-muscle causes of obstruction. Quote on request Individual estimate after assessment. A historical series of 1,559 LVOT operations, including 1,530 myectomies and 522 myectomies with mitral or subvalvular intervention. See method, care and package ↗ Treatment programmes ↗","links":[{"label":"Nicholas Smedira · complex HCM surgery ↗","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/programme-cleveland-hcm/"},{"label":"See method, care and package ↗","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/programme-cleveland-hcm/"},{"label":"Treatment programmes ↗","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/treatment-programmes/"}]}],"introduction":"Heart surgery guide / Cleveland Clinic Cleveland Clinic · Decision guide Cleveland Clinic: heart surgery expertise Cleveland, Ohio, United States · Distinct teams for mitral repair, HCM and complex valve reconstruction Research by Yevhenii Kozlov · Co-Founder of Bookimed Updated 8 October 2026 Sources linked throughout At a glance Cleveland’s cardiac services bring together different expertise: Gillinov’s mitral/robotic work, Smedira’s myectomy practice, Kapadia’s catheter valve treatment and Unai’s endocarditis and redo reconstruction. Its published cohorts show why valve anatomy and supporting tissues can matter as much as the incision. HCM beyond septal muscle The 2005–2015 series included 522 operations combining myectomy with mitral or subvalvular treatment. Sources: Surgical management of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction in a specialized hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy center Robotic mitral repair The 2006–2013 series completed 992 repairs in 997 attempts among 1,000 robotic mitral operations. Sources: Early results of robotically assisted mitral valve surgery: Analysis of the first 1000 cases Catheter and reconstructive pathways Official profiles separately identify Kapadia’s TAVR work and Unai’s endocarditis and complex repeat-surgery practice. Sources: Samir Kapadia, MD · Shinya Unai, MD — cardiac surgery profile Miller Family Pavilion at Cleveland Clinic’s main campus, home to the Heart, Vascular & Thoracic Institute. · Image source ↗ Reported surgical experience 201 septal myectomies Programme operations · Calendar year 2024 · published 2025-08-27 · counting date 2024-12-31 Programme total across septal approaches, including operations with associated procedures. Cleveland Clinic 2024 HOCM data highlights ↗ · source read 2026-10-08 447 isolated mitral repairs Programme operations · Calendar year 2025 · published 2026-03-16 · counting date 2025-12-31 Isolated mitral valve repair; all approaches. Cleveland Clinic 2025 adult cardiac surgery volumes and outcomes ↗ · source read 2026-10-08 167 isolated mitral replacements Programme operations · Calendar year 2025 · published 2026-03-16 · counting date 2025-12-31 Isolated mitral valve replacement; all approaches. Cleveland Clinic 2025 adult cardiac surgery volumes and outcomes ↗ · source read 2026-10-08 614 isolated mitral valve operations Programme operations · Calendar year 2025 · published 2026-03-16 · counting date 2025-12-31 Isolated mitral valve repair or replacement; all approaches.  Calculated from 447 repairs + 167 replacements in the same isolated-procedure table. Cleveland Clinic 2025 adult cardiac surgery volumes and outcomes ↗ · source read 2026-10-08 2,600+ robotic mitral operations Programme operations · Cumulative at podcast date; start not assigned · published 2025-02-25 · counting date 2025-02-25 Robotically assisted mitral valve procedures. Advances in Heart Surgery at Cleveland Clinic — Part I ↗ · source read 2026-10-08 2,000+ septal myectomies Personal participation · Cumulative participation; myectomy-specific start and cutoff not stated The institutional profile attributes participation in septal myectomies to Smedira; it does not allocate all cases to him as sole operator. Dr. Nicholas Smedira, MD - Cleveland, OH - Cardiac Surgery - Request Appointment ↗ · source read 2026-10-08 3,500+ septal myectomies Programme operations · 2002–2021; exact boundary dates not specified Cleveland programme experience across 2002–2021, described by Milind Desai in an official clinical discussion. It is separate from Smedira’s personal participation count. Surgical Myectomy for Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy ↗ · source read 2026-10-08 Compare septal myectomy experience → Compare mitral valve surgery experience →","related_documents":[{"id":"heart-surgery","title":"Heart surgery abroad: treatments, clinics and costs","kind":"home","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/","json_url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/wp-content/uploads/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/pages/heart-surgery.json"},{"id":"heart-valve-surgery","title":"Heart valve surgery: repair, replacement and catheter options","kind":"guide","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/heart-valve-surgery/","json_url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/wp-content/uploads/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/pages/heart-valve-surgery.json"},{"id":"minimally-invasive","title":"Minimally invasive and robotic heart surgery","kind":"guide","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/minimally-invasive/","json_url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/wp-content/uploads/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/pages/minimally-invasive.json"},{"id":"clinics","title":"Heart surgery clinics: compare techniques and specialist teams","kind":"directory","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/clinics/","json_url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/wp-content/uploads/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/pages/clinics.json"},{"id":"surgeons","title":"Find cardiac surgeons and heart specialists by procedure","kind":"surgeons","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/surgeons/","json_url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/wp-content/uploads/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/pages/surgeons.json"},{"id":"mitral-valve-repair","title":"Mitral valve prolapse and regurgitation: repair or replacement?","kind":"guide","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/mitral-valve-repair/","json_url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/wp-content/uploads/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/pages/mitral-valve-repair.json"},{"id":"doctor-marc-gillinov","title":"A. Marc Gillinov: Mitral repair specialist","kind":"doctor-profile","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/doctor-marc-gillinov/","json_url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/wp-content/uploads/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/pages/doctor-marc-gillinov.json"},{"id":"doctor-nicholas-smedira","title":"Nicholas Smedira: septal myectomy at Cleveland Clinic","kind":"doctor-profile","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/doctor-nicholas-smedira/","json_url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/wp-content/uploads/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/pages/doctor-nicholas-smedira.json"},{"id":"doctor-samir-kapadia","title":"Samir Kapadia: TAVR and interventional cardiology","kind":"doctor-profile","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/doctor-samir-kapadia/","json_url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/wp-content/uploads/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/pages/doctor-samir-kapadia.json"},{"id":"doctor-shinya-unai","title":"Shinya Unai: endocarditis and complex repeat surgery","kind":"doctor-profile","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/doctor-shinya-unai/","json_url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/wp-content/uploads/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/pages/doctor-shinya-unai.json"},{"id":"mitral-valve-repair-surgeon-comparison","title":"Mitral valve repair surgeon rankings: experience, methods and results","kind":"evidence-directory","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/mitral-valve-repair-surgeon-comparison/","json_url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/wp-content/uploads/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/pages/mitral-valve-repair-surgeon-comparison.json"},{"id":"septal-myectomy-surgeon-comparison","title":"HCM and septal myectomy surgeon rankings: experience, methods and results","kind":"evidence-directory","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/septal-myectomy-surgeon-comparison/","json_url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/wp-content/uploads/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/pages/septal-myectomy-surgeon-comparison.json"},{"id":"treatment-programmes","title":"Heart surgery treatment programmes: doctors, packages and costs","kind":"treatment-listing","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/treatment-programmes/","json_url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/wp-content/uploads/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/pages/treatment-programmes.json"},{"id":"programme-cleveland-hcm","title":"Nicholas Smedira at Cleveland Clinic: HCM myectomy, care and cost","kind":"treatment-programme","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/programme-cleveland-hcm/","json_url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/wp-content/uploads/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/pages/programme-cleveland-hcm.json"}],"entity":{"id":"cleveland","name":"Cleveland Clinic — Cardiac surgery","country":"United States","city":"Cleveland, Ohio","surgeon_ids":["marc-gillinov","nicholas-smedira","samir-kapadia","shinya-unai"],"source_attested_services":["mitral valve repair","robotic mitral surgery","aortic valve replacement","minimally invasive cardiac surgery","HCM / septal myectomy","transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVI/TAVR)"],"patient_task_fit":"Distinct teams for mitral repair, HCM and complex valve reconstruction","source_ids":["cleveland-hcm1559","cleveland-mitral1000","pd-adult-kapadia-official","SP13","cleveland-valve-center","cleveland-robotic-current","cleveland-smedira","pd-adult-partner3","SP21","SP22"],"bookimed_route":null,"photo":{"source_page":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/mobile-apps/diet","width":2000,"height":1333,"alt":"Miller Family Pavilion and autumn trees at Cleveland Clinic’s main campus.","caption":"Miller Family Pavilion at Cleveland Clinic’s main campus, home to the Heart, Vascular & Thoracic Institute.","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/cleveland-1024x682.jpg"},"clinic_route":"https://us-uk.bookimed.com/clinic/cleveland-clinic/","value_headline":"Distinct teams for mitral repair, HCM and complex valve reconstruction","value_summary":"Cleveland’s cardiac services bring together different expertise: Gillinov’s mitral/robotic work, Smedira’s myectomy practice, Kapadia’s catheter valve treatment and Unai’s endocarditis and redo reconstruction. Its published cohorts show why valve anatomy and supporting tissues can matter as much as the incision.","comparison_question":"","highlights":[{"label":"HCM beyond septal muscle","text":"The 2005–2015 series included 522 operations combining myectomy with mitral or subvalvular treatment.","source_ids":["cleveland-hcm1559"]},{"label":"Robotic mitral repair","text":"The 2006–2013 series completed 992 repairs in 997 attempts among 1,000 robotic mitral operations.","source_ids":["cleveland-mitral1000"]},{"label":"Catheter and reconstructive pathways","text":"Official profiles separately identify Kapadia’s TAVR work and Unai’s endocarditis and complex repeat-surgery practice.","source_ids":["pd-adult-kapadia-official","SP13"]}],"official_url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/departments/heart/depts/mitral-and-tricuspid-valve-center","guide_links":[{"slug":"latent-obstructive-hcm","label":"HCM anatomy and SAM"},{"slug":"surgeon-rankings","label":"Compare published results"},{"slug":"tavi-vs-surgical-valve-replacement","label":"Compare TAVI and surgical replacement"}],"topics":["mitral","valve","minimal","rhythm","hcm","endocarditis","redo"],"profile_slug":"clinic-cleveland","comparison_answer":"Distinct valve, myectomy, catheter and endocarditis specialists support different anatomical problems rather than a single general cardiac-surgery label.","key_takeaways":[{"label":"HCM beyond septal muscle","text":"The 2005–2015 series included 522 operations combining myectomy with mitral or subvalvular treatment.","sources":["cleveland-hcm1559"]},{"label":"Robotic mitral repair","text":"The 2006–2013 series completed 992 repairs in 997 attempts among 1,000 robotic mitral operations.","sources":["cleveland-mitral1000"]},{"label":"Catheter and reconstructive pathways","text":"Official profiles separately identify Kapadia’s TAVR work and Unai’s endocarditis and complex repeat-surgery practice.","sources":["pd-adult-kapadia-official","SP13"]}],"benefits":[{"text":"Distinct valve, myectomy, catheter and endocarditis specialists support different anatomical problems rather than a single general cardiac-surgery label.","sources":["cleveland-hcm1559","cleveland-mitral1000","pd-adult-kapadia-official","SP13","cleveland-valve-center","cleveland-robotic-current","cleveland-smedira","pd-adult-partner3","SP21","SP22"]}],"limitations":[{"text":"These cohorts concern different diseases and historical periods. Repair completion is not freedom from later leakage; authorship and current appointments do not allocate a centre’s entire case count to an individual surgeon.","sources":["cleveland-hcm1559","cleveland-mitral1000","pd-adult-kapadia-official","SP13","cleveland-valve-center","cleveland-robotic-current","cleveland-smedira","pd-adult-partner3","SP21","SP22"]}],"patient_sections":[{"id":"benefit-balance","title":"Clinical benefits and limitations","paragraphs":[],"items":[],"sources":[],"kind":"benefit-balance","links":[],"table":null},{"id":"specialists","title":"Specialists and their clinical work","paragraphs":[],"items":[],"sources":[],"kind":"clinic-doctors","links":[],"table":null},{"id":"evidence","title":"Procedure-specific research","paragraphs":[],"items":[],"sources":[],"kind":"clinic-evidence","links":[],"table":null},{"id":"treatment-programmes","title":"Treatment programmes and package prices","paragraphs":[],"items":[],"sources":[],"kind":"treatment-related","links":["treatment-programmes"],"table":null}]},"ranking":{"engine_version":"reported-volume-v1","facts_digest":"b2057ed11422aaf9ecbef7849da5e5c2be583ed36f70e64a8a183767f7154fef","calculated_at":"2026-10-08","facts":[{"id":"cleveland-2024-myectomy","provider_id":"nicholas-smedira","family":"hcm","subject_scope":"programme","measurement":"annual","procedure":"septal_myectomy","inclusion_scope":"isolated-and-combined","value":201,"relation":"exact","display":"201","unit":"Septal myectomy with or without other procedures for HOCM","period_label":"Calendar year 2024","reported_as_of":"2024-12-31","method":"Programme total across septal approaches, including operations with associated procedures.","period_start":"2024-01-01","period_end":"2024-12-31","year":2024,"source":{"url":"https://consultqd.clevelandclinic.org/outcome-snapshots-thoracic-surgery-lung-transplant-more","title":"Cleveland Clinic 2024 HOCM data highlights","publisher":"Institution / clinical programme","published":"2025-08-27"},"checked_at":"2026-10-08"},{"id":"cc-isolated-mv-repair-2025","provider_id":"marc-gillinov","family":"mitral","subject_scope":"programme","measurement":"annual","procedure":"isolated_mitral_repair","inclusion_scope":"isolated","value":447,"relation":"exact","display":"447","unit":"Isolated mitral valve repair; all approaches","period_label":"Calendar year 2025","reported_as_of":"2025-12-31","method":"Isolated mitral valve repair; all approaches. ","year":2025,"period_start":"2025-01-01","period_end":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://consultqd.clevelandclinic.org/vital-statistics-in-adult-cardiac-surgery-including-valve-and-aorta-operations","title":"Cleveland Clinic 2025 adult cardiac surgery volumes and outcomes","publisher":"Institution / clinical programme","published":"2026-03-16"},"checked_at":"2026-10-08"},{"id":"cc-isolated-mv-replace-2025","provider_id":"marc-gillinov","family":"mitral","subject_scope":"programme","measurement":"annual","procedure":"isolated_mitral_replacement","inclusion_scope":"isolated","value":167,"relation":"exact","display":"167","unit":"Isolated mitral valve replacement; all approaches","period_label":"Calendar year 2025","reported_as_of":"2025-12-31","method":"Isolated mitral valve replacement; all approaches. ","year":2025,"period_start":"2025-01-01","period_end":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://consultqd.clevelandclinic.org/vital-statistics-in-adult-cardiac-surgery-including-valve-and-aorta-operations","title":"Cleveland Clinic 2025 adult cardiac surgery volumes and outcomes","publisher":"Institution / clinical programme","published":"2026-03-16"},"checked_at":"2026-10-08"},{"id":"cc-isolated-mv-all-2025","provider_id":"marc-gillinov","family":"mitral","subject_scope":"programme","measurement":"annual","procedure":"isolated_mitral_surgery","inclusion_scope":"isolated","value":614,"relation":"exact","display":"614","unit":"Isolated mitral valve repair or replacement; all approaches","period_label":"Calendar year 2025","reported_as_of":"2025-12-31","method":"Isolated mitral valve repair or replacement; all approaches.  Calculated from 447 repairs + 167 replacements in the same isolated-procedure table.","derivation":{"formula":"447 + 167 = 614","component_ids":["cc-isolated-mv-repair-2025","cc-isolated-mv-replace-2025"]},"year":2025,"period_start":"2025-01-01","period_end":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://consultqd.clevelandclinic.org/vital-statistics-in-adult-cardiac-surgery-including-valve-and-aorta-operations","title":"Cleveland Clinic 2025 adult cardiac surgery volumes and outcomes","publisher":"Institution / clinical programme","published":"2026-03-16"},"checked_at":"2026-10-08"},{"id":"cc-robotic-mv-2025","provider_id":"marc-gillinov","family":"mitral","subject_scope":"programme","measurement":"cumulative","procedure":"robotic_mitral_surgery","inclusion_scope":"isolated-and-combined","value":2600,"relation":"more_than","display":"2,600+","unit":"Robotically assisted mitral valve procedures","period_label":"Cumulative at podcast date; start not assigned","reported_as_of":"2025-02-25","method":"Robotically assisted mitral valve procedures. ","source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/podcasts/love-your-heart/advances-in-heart-surgery-at-cleveland-clinic-part-i","title":"Advances in Heart Surgery at Cleveland Clinic — Part I","publisher":"Institution / clinical programme","published":"2025-02-25"},"checked_at":"2026-10-08"},{"id":"newheart-mitral-isolated-2025","provider_id":"go-watanabe","family":"mitral","subject_scope":"programme","measurement":"annual","procedure":"isolated_mitral_surgery","inclusion_scope":"isolated","value":171,"relation":"exact","display":"171","unit":"Isolated mitral valve operations; repair/replacement combined; all approaches","period_label":"Calendar year 2025","reported_as_of":"2025-12-31","method":"Isolated mitral valve operations; repair/replacement combined; all approaches. ","year":2025,"period_start":"2025-01-01","period_end":"2025-12-31","source":{"url":"https://newheart.jp/introduction/achievement.php","title":"NewHeart Watanabe Institute surgical activity and outcomes","publisher":"Institution / clinical programme","published":null},"checked_at":"2026-10-08"},{"id":"hcm-yong-cui-programme-annual-2024-over250","provider_id":"yong-cui","family":"hcm","subject_scope":"programme","measurement":"annual","procedure":"septal_myectomy","value":250,"relation":"more_than","display":"250+","period_label":"Calendar year 2024","reported_as_of":"2024-12-31","year":2024,"period_start":"2024-01-01","period_end":"2024-12-31","method":"Right infra-axillary modified-Morrow myectomies. This technique-specific count is a minimum for the programme’s total myectomy activity; other approaches are not included.","programme_id":"zhejiang","excluded_from_surgeon_operator_ranking":true,"source":{"title":"心有“勇”术｜崔勇：寻道创新，微步致远","publisher":"严道医声网","published":"2025-01-31","url":"https://www.drvoice.cn/article/16542"},"checked_at":"2026-10-08","inclusion_scope":"isolated-and-combined","research_executor":"installed local Hermes AIAgent"},{"id":"hcm-nicholas-smedira-participation-over2000","provider_id":"nicholas-smedira","family":"hcm","subject_scope":"surgeon_participation","measurement":"cumulative","procedure":"septal_myectomy","value":2000,"relation":"more_than","display":"2,000+","period_label":"Cumulative participation; myectomy-specific start and cutoff not stated","reported_as_of":null,"method":"The institutional profile attributes participation in septal myectomies to Smedira; it does not allocate all cases to him as sole operator.","programme_id":"cleveland","excluded_from_surgeon_operator_ranking":true,"source":{"title":"Dr. Nicholas Smedira, MD - Cleveland, OH - Cardiac Surgery - Request Appointment","publisher":"Cleveland Clinic","published":null,"url":"https://providers.clevelandclinic.org/provider/nicholas-smedira/4268212"},"checked_at":"2026-10-08","inclusion_scope":"isolated-and-combined","research_executor":"installed local Hermes AIAgent"},{"id":"hcm-nicholas-smedira-programme-period-over3500","provider_id":"nicholas-smedira","family":"hcm","subject_scope":"programme","measurement":"period_volume","procedure":"septal_myectomy","value":3500,"relation":"more_than","display":"3,500+","period_label":"2002–2021; exact boundary dates not specified","reported_as_of":null,"method":"Cleveland programme experience across 2002–2021, described by Milind Desai in an official clinical discussion. It is separate from Smedira’s personal participation count.","programme_id":"cleveland","excluded_from_surgeon_operator_ranking":true,"source":{"title":"Surgical Myectomy for Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy","publisher":"Cleveland Clinic, Cardiac Consult","published":null,"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/podcasts/cardiac-consult/surgical-myectomy-for-hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy"},"checked_at":"2026-10-08","inclusion_scope":"isolated-and-combined","period_start":"2002","period_end":"2021","research_executor":"installed local Hermes AIAgent"}],"views":[{"id":"hcm-programme-annual-septal-myectomy-isolated-and-combined-2024","family":"hcm","scope":"programme","measurement":"annual","procedure":"septal_myectomy","year":2024,"title":"Programme operations · 2024 · septal myectomies","ranked":true,"count":2,"rows":[{"provider_id":"yong-cui","fact_id":"hcm-yong-cui-programme-annual-2024-over250","position":1,"position_min":1,"position_max":1,"value":250,"display":"250+","period":"Calendar year 2024","scope":"programme","procedure":"septal_myectomy","method":"Right infra-axillary modified-Morrow myectomies. This technique-specific count is a minimum for the programme’s total myectomy activity; other approaches are not included.","source_url":"https://www.drvoice.cn/article/16542"},{"provider_id":"nicholas-smedira","fact_id":"cleveland-2024-myectomy","position":2,"position_min":2,"position_max":2,"value":201,"display":"201","period":"Calendar year 2024","scope":"programme","procedure":"septal_myectomy","method":"Programme total across septal approaches, including operations with associated procedures.","source_url":"https://consultqd.clevelandclinic.org/outcome-snapshots-thoracic-surgery-lung-transplant-more"}]},{"id":"hcm-surgeon-participation-cumulative-septal-myectomy-isolated-and-combined","family":"hcm","scope":"surgeon_participation","measurement":"cumulative","procedure":"septal_myectomy","year":null,"title":"Personal participation · Cumulative reported experience · septal myectomies","ranked":false,"count":1,"rows":[{"provider_id":"nicholas-smedira","fact_id":"hcm-nicholas-smedira-participation-over2000","position":null,"position_min":1,"position_max":1,"value":2000,"display":"2,000+","period":"Cumulative participation; myectomy-specific start and cutoff not stated","scope":"surgeon_participation","procedure":"septal_myectomy","method":"The institutional profile attributes participation in septal myectomies to Smedira; it does not allocate all cases to him as sole operator.","source_url":"https://providers.clevelandclinic.org/provider/nicholas-smedira/4268212"}]},{"id":"mitral-programme-annual-isolated-mitral-repair-isolated-2025","family":"mitral","scope":"programme","measurement":"annual","procedure":"isolated_mitral_repair","year":2025,"title":"Programme operations · 2025 · isolated mitral repairs","ranked":false,"count":1,"rows":[{"provider_id":"marc-gillinov","fact_id":"cc-isolated-mv-repair-2025","position":null,"position_min":1,"position_max":1,"value":447,"display":"447","period":"Calendar year 2025","scope":"programme","procedure":"isolated_mitral_repair","method":"Isolated mitral valve repair; all approaches. ","source_url":"https://consultqd.clevelandclinic.org/vital-statistics-in-adult-cardiac-surgery-including-valve-and-aorta-operations"}]},{"id":"mitral-programme-annual-isolated-mitral-replacement-isolated-2025","family":"mitral","scope":"programme","measurement":"annual","procedure":"isolated_mitral_replacement","year":2025,"title":"Programme operations · 2025 · isolated mitral replacements","ranked":false,"count":1,"rows":[{"provider_id":"marc-gillinov","fact_id":"cc-isolated-mv-replace-2025","position":null,"position_min":1,"position_max":1,"value":167,"display":"167","period":"Calendar year 2025","scope":"programme","procedure":"isolated_mitral_replacement","method":"Isolated mitral valve replacement; all approaches. ","source_url":"https://consultqd.clevelandclinic.org/vital-statistics-in-adult-cardiac-surgery-including-valve-and-aorta-operations"}]},{"id":"mitral-programme-annual-isolated-mitral-surgery-isolated-2025","family":"mitral","scope":"programme","measurement":"annual","procedure":"isolated_mitral_surgery","year":2025,"title":"Programme operations · 2025 · isolated mitral valve operations","ranked":true,"count":2,"rows":[{"provider_id":"marc-gillinov","fact_id":"cc-isolated-mv-all-2025","position":1,"position_min":1,"position_max":1,"value":614,"display":"614","period":"Calendar year 2025","scope":"programme","procedure":"isolated_mitral_surgery","method":"Isolated mitral valve repair or replacement; all approaches.  Calculated from 447 repairs + 167 replacements in the same isolated-procedure table.","source_url":"https://consultqd.clevelandclinic.org/vital-statistics-in-adult-cardiac-surgery-including-valve-and-aorta-operations"},{"provider_id":"go-watanabe","fact_id":"newheart-mitral-isolated-2025","position":2,"position_min":2,"position_max":2,"value":171,"display":"171","period":"Calendar year 2025","scope":"programme","procedure":"isolated_mitral_surgery","method":"Isolated mitral valve operations; repair/replacement combined; all approaches. ","source_url":"https://newheart.jp/introduction/achievement.php"}]},{"id":"mitral-programme-cumulative-robotic-mitral-surgery-isolated-and-combined","family":"mitral","scope":"programme","measurement":"cumulative","procedure":"robotic_mitral_surgery","year":null,"title":"Programme operations · Cumulative reported experience · robotic mitral operations","ranked":false,"count":1,"rows":[{"provider_id":"marc-gillinov","fact_id":"cc-robotic-mv-2025","position":null,"position_min":1,"position_max":1,"value":2600,"display":"2,600+","period":"Cumulative at podcast date; start not assigned","scope":"programme","procedure":"robotic_mitral_surgery","method":"Robotically assisted mitral valve procedures. ","source_url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/podcasts/love-your-heart/advances-in-heart-surgery-at-cleveland-clinic-part-i"}]}],"providers":[{"id":"marc-gillinov","name":"A. Marc Gillinov","clinic_id":"cleveland","json_url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/wp-content/uploads/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/pages/doctor-marc-gillinov.json"},{"id":"yong-cui","name":"Yong Cui","clinic_id":"zhejiang","json_url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/wp-content/uploads/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/pages/doctor-yong-cui.json"},{"id":"nicholas-smedira","name":"Nicholas Smedira","clinic_id":"cleveland","json_url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/wp-content/uploads/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/pages/doctor-nicholas-smedira.json"},{"id":"go-watanabe","name":"Go Watanabe","clinic_id":"newheart-watanabe","json_url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/wp-content/uploads/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/pages/doctor-go-watanabe.json"}],"excluded":[{"fact_id":"hcm-nicholas-smedira-programme-period-over3500","reason":"study or non-calendar period"}],"default_views":{"hcm":"hcm-programme-annual-septal-myectomy-isolated-and-combined-2024","mitral":"mitral-programme-annual-isolated-mitral-surgery-isolated-2025"},"coverage":[{"provider_id":"yong-cui","family":"hcm","gaps":["No independently allocated surgeon-only cumulative count.","No current daily operating tally.","Undated practice sites differ in labelling 1,000+ as HCM myectomies versus MESM."],"source_ids":["rank-cui148","rank-cui100","cui-2024-volume"],"unresolved_source_ids":["cui-mesm","cui-practice"]},{"provider_id":"nicholas-smedira","family":"hcm","gaps":["Official personal claim uses participated; no sole-operator current cumulative tally.","2024 annual count belongs to programme."],"source_ids":["rank-cleveland1559"],"unresolved_source_ids":["smedira-official","cleveland-2024"]},{"provider_id":"marc-gillinov","family":"mitral","gaps":["Current personal Gillinov annual or lifetime mitral count","Annual robotic-only mitral activity"],"source_ids":[],"unresolved_source_ids":["rs-cleveland-annual-2025","rs-cleveland-robotic-2025"]},{"provider_id":"go-watanabe","family":"mitral","gaps":["Per-surgeon case allocation","Annual robotic mitral repair-only total"],"source_ids":[],"unresolved_source_ids":["rs-newheart-activity-2026","rs-newheart-english-2026"]}]},"sources":{"cleveland-profile":{"id":"cleveland-profile","title":"A. Marc Gillinov, MD | Cleveland Clinic","url":"https://providers.clevelandclinic.org/provider/a-marc-gillinov/4268438","read_at":"2026-10-07","source_type":"official_hospital"},"cleveland-programme":{"id":"cleveland-programme","title":"Mitral and Tricuspid Valve Center | Cleveland Clinic","url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/departments/heart/depts/mitral-and-tricuspid-valve-center","read_at":"2026-10-07","source_type":"official_hospital"},"rank-cui148":{"id":"rank-cui148","title":"An innovative minimally invasive approach for HOCM: transaortic septal myectomy via right infra-axillary incision","url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11632347/","read_at":"2026-10-07","source_kind":"primary_study","body_access":"full_text_XML_read","support_location":"Methods; Results; Tables1–2; Limitations; author affiliations","short_excerpt":"148 consecutive patients with symptomatic HOCM","source_type":"primary_study"},"rank-cui100":{"id":"rank-cui100","title":"Minimally Invasive Electro Septal Myectomy for HOCM Through a Right Infra-Axillary Incision","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2025.09.023","read_at":"2026-10-07","source_kind":"primary_study","body_access":"primary_abstract_read_full_text_subscription","support_location":"PubMed41109584 abstract; online2025, printMay2026","short_excerpt":"The cohort comprised 100 patients","source_type":"primary_study"},"rank-cleveland1559":{"id":"rank-cleveland1559","title":"Surgical management of LVOT obstruction in a specialized HOCM center","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2018.11.148","read_at":"2026-10-07","source_kind":"primary_study","body_access":"primary_abstract_read_full_text_subscription","support_location":"PubMed30782406; Methods/Results","short_excerpt":"1559 consecutive operations for left ventricular outflow tract obstruction","source_type":"primary_study"},"rank-smedira-current":{"id":"rank-smedira-current","title":"Nicholas Smedira, MD — Cleveland Clinic","url":"https://providers.clevelandclinic.org/provider/nicholas-smedira/4268212","read_at":"2026-10-07","source_kind":"official_hospital_profile","body_access":"full_page_read","support_location":"Biography; Specialty interests; Number of Procedures Performed; Locations","short_excerpt":"including 350 heart transplants and more than 2,000 septal myectomies","source_type":"official_hospital_profile"},"mitral-cleveland-robotic-learning-0":{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28893396/","doi":"10.1016/j.jtcvs.2017.07.037","title":"Early results of robotically assisted mitral valve surgery: Analysis of the first 1000 cases","published":"2018 issue; 2017 online","access_note":"Primary abstract text acquired in web search; direct PubMed route returned a cookies challenge. Full article not inspected. Recovery via Europe PMC attempted.","id":"mitral-cleveland-robotic-learning-0","publisher":"Primary journal article","read_at":"2026-10-07","source_type":"Institutional first1000 robotic operations; primary journal abstract plus current official programme body"},"cleveland-valve-center":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/departments/heart/depts/mitral-and-tricuspid-valve-center","title":"Mitral and Tricuspid Valve Center","publisher":"Cleveland Clinic"},"cleveland-smedira":{"url":"https://providers.clevelandclinic.org/provider/nicholas-smedira/4268212","title":"Nicholas Smedira — current clinical profile","publisher":"Cleveland Clinic"},"cleveland-robotic-current":{"url":"https://consultqd.clevelandclinic.org/robotically-assisted-mitral-valve-repair-patient-applications-grow","title":"Robotically Assisted Mitral Valve Repair: Patient Applications Grow","publisher":"Cleveland Clinic"},"cleveland-hcm1559":{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2018.11.148","title":"Surgical management of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction in a specialized hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy center","publisher":"Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery"},"cleveland-mitral1000":{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28893396/","title":"Early results of robotically assisted mitral valve surgery: Analysis of the first 1000 cases","publisher":"Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery"},"ax-partner3-seven":{"id":"ax-partner3-seven","title":"Transcatheter or Surgical Aortic-Valve Replacement in Low-Risk Patients at 7 Years","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41144631/","publisher":"New England Journal of Medicine","published":"2025-10-27 online; 2026-02-19 issue","read_at":"2026-10-08","source_type":"Primary randomized trial follow-up","source_kind":"Primary randomized trial follow-up","body_access":"complete_original_abstract_read_via_Europe_PMC","support_location":"Original abstract Methods, Results and Conclusions","doi":"10.1056/NEJMoa2509766","body_file":"sources/partner3.json","access_limit":"NEJM full-text route returned 403. Complete original abstract read via Europe PMC. No device-specific leakage/pacemaker comparison extracted from an unread supplement."},"pd-adult-kapadia-official":{"title":"Samir Kapadia, MD","publisher":"Cleveland Clinic","url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/staff/5003-samir-kapadia","read_at":"2026-10-08","kind":"official provider or programme page","support":"Current cardiovascular medicine chair; interventional cardiologist, TAVR and complex coronary intervention expertise.","limitations":"An institutional listing supports current role and stated clinical scope; it does not establish the next appointment, operating allocation or individual risk-adjusted results.","body_file":"outputs/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/review/provider-depth/adult/sources/kapadia-official.txt"},"pd-adult-partner3":{"title":"Transcatheter or Surgical Aortic-Valve Replacement in Low-Risk Patients at 7 Years.","publisher":"The New England journal of medicine","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41144631/","read_at":"2026-10-08","kind":"original study abstract and author/affiliation record","support":"Abstract body and authorship inspected; numerical claims below are restricted to the reported endpoint and population.","limitations":"Full manuscript and supplementary operator allocations were not read in this pass. Authorship is not an individual surgical outcome series.","body_file":"outputs/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/review/provider-depth/adult/sources/partner3.json","published_at":"2025-10-27","doi":"10.1056/nejmoa2509766","authors":"Leon MB, Mack MJ, Pibarot P, Hahn RT, Thourani VH, Kodali SH, Généreux P, Kapadia SR, Cohen DJ, Pocock SJ, Zhang Y, Szerlip M, Ternacle J, Malaisrie SC, Herrmann HC, Szeto WY, Russo MJ, Babaliaros V, Nazif T, Webb JG, Makkar RR, PARTNER 3 Investigators."},"SP13":{"title":"Shinya Unai, MD — cardiac surgery profile","publisher":"Cleveland Clinic","url":"https://providers.clevelandclinic.org/provider/shinya-unai/4268207","read_at":"2026-10-08","source_kind":"official-institution","local_body":"/Users/eugen/Projects/frankenstein-agentic-framework/outputs/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/review/provider-depth/specialties/sources/unai-profile.txt","supports":"Current Main Campus surgeon, complex reoperative surgery, endocarditis, aortic/root reconstruction, transplantation and LVAD clinical interests.","limitations":"Hospital and all-surgeon volume/quality statements are not personal procedure-specific results; omitted from candidate."},"SP21":{"title":"The Hidden Burden of Native Aortic Valve Endocarditis: Reevaluating Diagnostic and Pathologic Challenges.","publisher":"The Annals of thoracic surgery","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41482022/","read_at":"2026-10-08","published_at":"2025-12-31","doi":"10.1016/j.athoracsur.2025.12.007","pmid":"41482022","source_kind":"primary-research-abstract","local_body":"/Users/eugen/Projects/frankenstein-agentic-framework/outputs/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/review/provider-depth/specialties/sources/pmid-41482022.json","supports":"Cleveland native aortic valve endocarditis cohort 2002–2020: invasive disease can escape preoperative imaging and require complex reconstruction; Unai coauthor.","limitations":"Historical referral-centre surgical cohort; not all endocarditis patients or personal results."},"SP22":{"title":"Mitral valve abscess: echocardiographic imaging, microbiology, management, and outcomes.","publisher":"European heart journal. Imaging methods and practice","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42394651/","read_at":"2026-10-08","published_at":"2026-07-02","doi":"10.1093/ehjimp/qyag112","pmid":"42394651","source_kind":"primary-research-abstract","local_body":"/Users/eugen/Projects/frankenstein-agentic-framework/outputs/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/review/provider-depth/specialties/sources/pmid-42394651.json","supports":"Cleveland mitral abscess series of 154 adults from databases spanning 2002–2020 and 2010–2020; complex reconstruction and substantial risk; Unai coauthor.","limitations":"Variable follow-up. The 71% total-follow-up mortality is not a fixed-year rate. Programme series, not Unai personal operations; published 2026 does not make cohort current."},"tp-cleveland":{"title":"Cleveland: 1,559 operations in a specialised HCM centre","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2018.11.148","kind":"primary clinical study; prior research edition","checked":"2026-10-08","accessed":"2026-10-08"},"pc-smedira-current":{"title":"Current official surgeon profile","url":"https://providers.clevelandclinic.org/provider/nicholas-smedira/4268212","kind":"official hospital page","checked":"2026-10-08","accessed":"2026-10-08"},"pc-cleveland-podcast":{"title":"Desai and Smedira: diagnostic and surgical decision-making","url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/podcasts/cardiac-consult/surgical-myectomy-for-hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy","kind":"official hospital page","checked":"2026-10-08","accessed":"2026-10-08"},"cui-2024-volume":{"title":"Cui team: 2024 annual clinical activity report (published 31 January 2025)","url":"https://www.drvoice.cn/article/16542","read_at":"2026-10-08","source_type":"provider_authored_activity_report","published":"2025-01-31","support_location":"Technical innovation: more than 250 right infra-axillary modified-Morrow operations in 2024"},"volume-cleveland-2024-myectomy":{"id":"volume-cleveland-2024-myectomy","title":"Cleveland Clinic 2024 HOCM data highlights","url":"https://consultqd.clevelandclinic.org/outcome-snapshots-thoracic-surgery-lung-transplant-more","publisher":"Institution / clinical programme","published":"2025-08-27","read_at":"2026-10-08","source_type":"Reported clinical activity; scope shown with figure"},"volume-cc-isolated-mv-repair-2025":{"id":"volume-cc-isolated-mv-repair-2025","title":"Cleveland Clinic 2025 adult cardiac surgery volumes and outcomes","url":"https://consultqd.clevelandclinic.org/vital-statistics-in-adult-cardiac-surgery-including-valve-and-aorta-operations","publisher":"Institution / clinical programme","published":"2026-03-16","read_at":"2026-10-08","source_type":"Reported clinical activity; scope shown with figure"},"volume-cc-isolated-mv-replace-2025":{"id":"volume-cc-isolated-mv-replace-2025","title":"Cleveland Clinic 2025 adult cardiac surgery volumes and outcomes","url":"https://consultqd.clevelandclinic.org/vital-statistics-in-adult-cardiac-surgery-including-valve-and-aorta-operations","publisher":"Institution / clinical programme","published":"2026-03-16","read_at":"2026-10-08","source_type":"Reported clinical activity; scope shown with figure"},"volume-cc-isolated-mv-all-2025":{"id":"volume-cc-isolated-mv-all-2025","title":"Cleveland Clinic 2025 adult cardiac surgery volumes and outcomes","url":"https://consultqd.clevelandclinic.org/vital-statistics-in-adult-cardiac-surgery-including-valve-and-aorta-operations","publisher":"Institution / clinical programme","published":"2026-03-16","read_at":"2026-10-08","source_type":"Reported clinical activity; scope shown with figure"},"volume-cc-robotic-mv-2025":{"id":"volume-cc-robotic-mv-2025","title":"Advances in Heart Surgery at Cleveland Clinic — Part I","url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/podcasts/love-your-heart/advances-in-heart-surgery-at-cleveland-clinic-part-i","publisher":"Institution / clinical programme","published":"2025-02-25","read_at":"2026-10-08","source_type":"Reported clinical activity; scope shown with figure"},"volume-newheart-mitral-all-2025":{"id":"volume-newheart-mitral-all-2025","title":"NewHeart Watanabe Institute surgical activity and outcomes","url":"https://newheart.jp/introduction/achievement.php","publisher":"Institution / clinical programme","published":null,"read_at":"2026-10-08","source_type":"Reported clinical activity; scope shown with figure"},"volume-newheart-mitral-isolated-2025":{"id":"volume-newheart-mitral-isolated-2025","title":"NewHeart Watanabe Institute surgical activity and outcomes","url":"https://newheart.jp/introduction/achievement.php","publisher":"Institution / clinical programme","published":null,"read_at":"2026-10-08","source_type":"Reported clinical activity; scope shown with figure"},"volume-newheart-mvp-robotic-2026":{"id":"volume-newheart-mvp-robotic-2026","title":"NewHeart Watanabe Institute surgical activity and outcomes","url":"https://newheart.jp/introduction/achievement.php","publisher":"Institution / clinical programme","published":null,"read_at":"2026-10-08","source_type":"Reported clinical activity; scope shown with figure"},"volume-newheart-mvp-tap-robotic-2026":{"id":"volume-newheart-mvp-tap-robotic-2026","title":"NewHeart Watanabe Institute surgical activity and outcomes","url":"https://newheart.jp/introduction/achievement.php","publisher":"Institution / clinical programme","published":null,"read_at":"2026-10-08","source_type":"Reported clinical activity; scope shown with figure"},"volume-hcm-yong-cui-programme-annual-2024-over250":{"id":"volume-hcm-yong-cui-programme-annual-2024-over250","title":"心有“勇”术｜崔勇：寻道创新，微步致远","url":"https://www.drvoice.cn/article/16542","publisher":"严道医声网","published":"2025-01-31","read_at":"2026-10-08","source_type":"Reported clinical activity; scope shown with figure"},"volume-hcm-nicholas-smedira-participation-over2000":{"id":"volume-hcm-nicholas-smedira-participation-over2000","title":"Dr. Nicholas Smedira, MD - Cleveland, OH - Cardiac Surgery - Request Appointment","url":"https://providers.clevelandclinic.org/provider/nicholas-smedira/4268212","publisher":"Cleveland Clinic","published":null,"read_at":"2026-10-08","source_type":"Reported clinical activity; scope shown with figure"},"volume-hcm-nicholas-smedira-programme-period-over3500":{"id":"volume-hcm-nicholas-smedira-programme-period-over3500","title":"Surgical Myectomy for Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy","url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/podcasts/cardiac-consult/surgical-myectomy-for-hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy","publisher":"Cleveland Clinic, Cardiac Consult","published":null,"read_at":"2026-10-08","source_type":"Reported clinical activity; scope shown with figure"}}}