{"schema_version":"bookimed.page-context.v1","id":"aortic-surgery-surgeons","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/aortic-surgery-surgeons/","json_url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/wp-content/uploads/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/pages/aortic-surgery-surgeons.json","index_url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/wp-content/uploads/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/pages/index.json","full_dataset_url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/wp-content/uploads/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/content.json","content_revision":"source-driven-rankings-20261008","date_modified":"2026-10-08","language":"en","kind":"specialist-directory","title":"Aortic surgery specialists","summary":"Aortic surgery specialists differ in the anatomy they treat, techniques they offer and evidence they publish. Aortic surgery treats a weakened or enlarged artery; the affected segment determines the operation. Root and ascending disease usually require a different pathway from descending disease that may suit an endovascular stent.","research_credit":{"name":"Yevhenii Kozlov","role":"Co-Founder of Bookimed","url":"https://us-uk.bookimed.com/ceo/kozlov/","contribution":"Research personally prepared and reviewed","assistance":"AI tools assisted source research."},"editorial_scope":"Source-based patient information; an individual treatment plan requires clinical review.","research_method":"How this guide is researched and compared Research project led by Yevhenii Kozlov . We link clinical guidance, primary studies and named hospital or offer sources beside the relevant statements. Comparisons distinguish individual operators from programme results and preserve the study population, follow-up and limitations. Prices are dated examples with their stated scope. Research and editorial preparation are separate from clinical review; no named clinician has medically reviewed this edition. Bookimed provides care coordination. Partner and reference programmes are identified from their sources; paid ordering is not used in our published-cohort comparison. Read the editorial policy .","key_takeaways":[{"label":"6 named specialists","text":"Ali Fedakar, Naresh Trehan, Ulrich Rosendahl, Piroze M. Davierwala and other named teams.","sources":["hisar-profile","medanta-surgeons","rbht-rosendahl-current","pd-adult-uhn-cabg"]},{"label":"The native valve may be preserved","text":"Selected aortic-root operations retain the patient’s valve rather than automatically replacing it.","sources":["C09"]},{"label":"Diameter is only one factor","text":"Growth, symptoms, body size, bicuspid anatomy and inherited disease also influence treatment timing.","sources":["C09"]}],"benefits":[{"text":"A segment-specific operation can treat the diseased aorta and, where feasible, preserve the native valve.","sources":["C09"]}],"limitations":[{"text":"Repair does not remove the need for blood-pressure treatment and surveillance of the remaining aorta. Endovascular repair is not a substitute for every root or ascending operation.","sources":["C09"]}],"sections":[{"id":"specialists","title":"Aortic surgery specialists","text":"Aortic surgery specialists Diagnosis or procedure Doctor, clinic or country 6 specialists shown How we find specialists and where coverage is still growing → Portrait source ↗ Istanbul · Turkey cardiac surgeon Ali Fedakar → Fedakar’s listed Hisar practice includes aortic surgery and surgery for aortic dissection. Hisar Hospital Intercontinental → Sources: Prof. Dr. Ali Fedakar, M.D. | Hisar Intercontinental Hospital View expertise and research → Portrait source ↗ Gurugram · India cardiac surgeon Naresh Trehan → Trehan’s Medanta practice includes aortic aneurysms alongside valve and coronary disease. Medanta → Sources: Cardiac Surgery Experts in Gurugram — Medanta View expertise and research → Portrait source ↗ London · United Kingdom cardiac surgeon Ulrich Rosendahl → Rosendahl’s expertise covers valve-sparing root replacement, arch and thoraco-abdominal surgery, including inherited aortic disease and reoperations. Royal Brompton Hospital → Sources: Ulrich Rosendahl — clinical expertise and Royal Brompton location View expertise and research → Portrait source ↗ Toronto · Canada cardiac surgeon Piroze M. Davierwala → UHN documents Davierwala’s experience in thoracic aortic operations and his programme’s minimally invasive aortic service. Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto General Hospital → Sources: MICS programme and Dr Piroze M. Davierwala View expertise and research → EL Paris · France cardiac surgeon Emmanuel Lansac → Lansac’s research combines aortic-root remodelling with external support of the valve annulus to retain the natural aortic valve. AP-HP Pitié-Salpêtrière → Sources: External aortic annuloplasty with a dedicated expansible ring improves outcomes in remodeling root repair compared with homemade Dacron ring. · Dr Emmanuel Lansac View expertise and research → Portrait source ↗ Durham, North Carolina · United States cardiac surgeon G. Chad Hughes → Hughes’s Duke practice covers valve-sparing root replacement, arch and thoraco-abdominal repair, and thoracic endovascular treatment. Duke University Hospital → Sources: G. Chad Hughes, MD · Duke Center for Aortic Disease combines cardiothoracic and vascular surgery View expertise and research → No specialist in this selection matches both filters. Broaden the search to see the available specialists.","links":[{"label":"How we find specialists and where coverage is still growing →","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/specialist-research-method/"},{"label":"Portrait source ↗","url":"https://hisarhospital.com/en/doctor/prof-ali-fedakar-m-d/"},{"label":"Ali Fedakar →","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/doctor-ali-fedakar/"},{"label":"Hisar Hospital Intercontinental →","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/clinic-hisar/"},{"label":"Prof. Dr. Ali Fedakar, M.D. | Hisar Intercontinental Hospital","url":"https://hisarhospital.com/en/doctor/prof-ali-fedakar-m-d/"},{"label":"View expertise and research →","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/doctor-ali-fedakar/"},{"label":"Portrait source ↗","url":"https://www.medanta.org/hospitals-near-me/south-delhi/speciality/cardiology/doctor/dr-naresh-trehan"},{"label":"Naresh Trehan →","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/doctor-naresh-trehan/"},{"label":"Medanta →","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/clinic-medanta/"},{"label":"Cardiac Surgery Experts in Gurugram — Medanta","url":"https://www.medanta.org/doctor-listing/cardiac-surgery-doctors-in-gurugram?page=1"},{"label":"View expertise and research →","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/doctor-naresh-trehan/"},{"label":"Portrait source ↗","url":"https://www.rbht.nhs.uk/specialists/mr-ulrich-rosendahl"},{"label":"Ulrich Rosendahl →","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/doctor-ulrich-rosendahl/"},{"label":"Royal Brompton Hospital →","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/clinic-rbht/"},{"label":"Ulrich Rosendahl — clinical expertise and Royal Brompton location","url":"https://guysandstthomasspecialistcare.co.uk/specialists/ulrich-rosendahl/"},{"label":"View expertise and research →","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/doctor-ulrich-rosendahl/"},{"label":"Portrait source ↗","url":"https://www.uhn.ca/PMCC/Minimally-Invasive-Cardiac-Surgery-Program/Pages/About.aspx"},{"label":"Piroze M. Davierwala →","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/doctor-piroze-davierwala/"},{"label":"Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto General Hospital →","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/clinic-uhn/"},{"label":"MICS programme and Dr Piroze M. Davierwala","url":"https://www.uhn.ca/PMCC/Minimally-Invasive-Cardiac-Surgery-Program/Pages/About.aspx"},{"label":"View expertise and research →","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/doctor-piroze-davierwala/"},{"label":"Emmanuel Lansac →","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/doctor-emmanuel-lansac/"},{"label":"AP-HP Pitié-Salpêtrière →","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/clinic-pitie-salpetriere/"},{"label":"External aortic annuloplasty with a dedicated expansible ring improves outcomes in remodeling root repair compared with homemade Dacron ring.","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38914371/"},{"label":"Dr Emmanuel Lansac","url":"https://www.aphp.fr/dr-lansac-emmanuel"},{"label":"View expertise and research →","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/doctor-emmanuel-lansac/"},{"label":"Portrait source ↗","url":"https://www.dukehealth.org/find-doctors-physicians/g-chad-hughes-md"},{"label":"G. Chad Hughes →","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/doctor-g-chad-hughes/"},{"label":"Duke University Hospital →","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/clinic-duke/"},{"label":"G. Chad Hughes, MD","url":"https://www.dukehealth.org/find-doctors-physicians/g-chad-hughes-md"},{"label":"Duke Center for Aortic Disease combines cardiothoracic and vascular surgery","url":"https://physicians.dukehealth.org/articles/duke-center-aortic-disease-combines-expertise-cardiothoracic-and-vascular-surgery"},{"label":"View expertise and research →","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/doctor-g-chad-hughes/"}]},{"id":"benefit-balance","title":"Clinical benefits and trade-offs","text":"Clinical benefits and trade-offs Potential advantages A segment-specific operation can treat the diseased aorta and, where feasible, preserve the native valve. Sources: ACC/AHA aortic guidance (2022) Trade-offs and limits Repair does not remove the need for blood-pressure treatment and surveillance of the remaining aorta. Endovascular repair is not a substitute for every root or ascending operation. Sources: ACC/AHA aortic guidance (2022)","links":[{"label":"ACC/AHA aortic guidance (2022)","url":"https://www.acc.org/Latest-in-Cardiology/ten-points-to-remember/2022/11/01/12/21/2022-Guideline-on-Aortic-Disease-2-gl-ad"},{"label":"ACC/AHA aortic guidance (2022)","url":"https://www.acc.org/Latest-in-Cardiology/ten-points-to-remember/2022/11/01/12/21/2022-Guideline-on-Aortic-Disease-2-gl-ad"}]},{"id":"selection","title":"How these specialists were selected","text":"How these specialists were selected This list contains 6 specialists with a documented aortic surgery focus in our source-linked directory. It is an editorial shortlist, not a census or an outcome ranking. Institutional expertise and published study results are identified separately. An individual doctor may participate in several treatment pathways; a study of one procedure does not establish outcomes for another. How we find specialists ↗ Aortic surgery ↗","links":[{"label":"How we find specialists ↗","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/specialist-research-method/"},{"label":"Aortic surgery ↗","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/aortic-surgery/"}]}],"introduction":"Heart surgery guide / Specialists / Aortic surgery specialists Aortic surgery specialists · Decision guide Aortic surgery specialists 6 specialists with linked profiles, clinical focus and attributable evidence. Research by Yevhenii Kozlov · Co-Founder of Bookimed Updated 8 October 2026 Sources linked throughout At a glance Aortic surgery specialists differ in the anatomy they treat, techniques they offer and evidence they publish. Aortic surgery treats a weakened or enlarged artery; the affected segment determines the operation. Root and ascending disease usually require a different pathway from descending disease that may suit an endovascular stent. 6 named specialists Ali Fedakar, Naresh Trehan, Ulrich Rosendahl, Piroze M. Davierwala and other named teams. Sources: Prof. Dr. Ali Fedakar, M.D. | Hisar Intercontinental Hospital · Cardiac Surgery Experts in Gurugram — Medanta · Ulrich Rosendahl — clinical expertise and Royal Brompton location · Minimally invasive coronary artery bypass graft surgery The native valve may be preserved Selected aortic-root operations retain the patient’s valve rather than automatically replacing it. Sources: ACC/AHA aortic guidance (2022) Diameter is only one factor Growth, symptoms, body size, bicuspid anatomy and inherited disease also influence treatment timing. Sources: ACC/AHA aortic guidance (2022)","related_documents":[{"id":"heart-surgery","title":"Heart surgery abroad: treatments, clinics and costs","kind":"home","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/","json_url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/wp-content/uploads/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/pages/heart-surgery.json"},{"id":"aortic-surgery","title":"Aortic aneurysm surgery: options and specialist teams","kind":"guide","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/aortic-surgery/","json_url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/wp-content/uploads/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/pages/aortic-surgery.json"},{"id":"surgeons","title":"Find cardiac surgeons and heart specialists by procedure","kind":"surgeons","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/surgeons/","json_url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/wp-content/uploads/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/pages/surgeons.json"},{"id":"doctor-ali-fedakar","title":"Ali Fedakar: Coronary bypass specialist","kind":"doctor-profile","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/doctor-ali-fedakar/","json_url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/wp-content/uploads/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/pages/doctor-ali-fedakar.json"},{"id":"doctor-naresh-trehan","title":"Naresh Trehan: Coronary bypass specialist","kind":"doctor-profile","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/doctor-naresh-trehan/","json_url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/wp-content/uploads/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/pages/doctor-naresh-trehan.json"},{"id":"doctor-ulrich-rosendahl","title":"Ulrich Rosendahl: Coronary bypass specialist","kind":"doctor-profile","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/doctor-ulrich-rosendahl/","json_url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/wp-content/uploads/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/pages/doctor-ulrich-rosendahl.json"},{"id":"doctor-piroze-davierwala","title":"Piroze M. Davierwala: total-arterial minimally invasive CABG","kind":"doctor-profile","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/doctor-piroze-davierwala/","json_url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/wp-content/uploads/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/pages/doctor-piroze-davierwala.json"},{"id":"doctor-emmanuel-lansac","title":"Emmanuel Lansac: aortic valve repair and root remodelling","kind":"doctor-profile","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/doctor-emmanuel-lansac/","json_url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/wp-content/uploads/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/pages/doctor-emmanuel-lansac.json"},{"id":"doctor-g-chad-hughes","title":"G. Chad Hughes: aortic surgery and valve-sparing repair","kind":"doctor-profile","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/doctor-g-chad-hughes/","json_url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/wp-content/uploads/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/pages/doctor-g-chad-hughes.json"},{"id":"clinic-hisar","title":"Hisar Hospital Intercontinental: heart surgery expertise","kind":"clinic-profile","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/clinic-hisar/","json_url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/wp-content/uploads/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/pages/clinic-hisar.json"},{"id":"clinic-medanta","title":"Medanta: heart surgery expertise","kind":"clinic-profile","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/clinic-medanta/","json_url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/wp-content/uploads/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/pages/clinic-medanta.json"},{"id":"clinic-rbht","title":"Royal Brompton Hospital: heart surgery expertise","kind":"clinic-profile","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/clinic-rbht/","json_url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/wp-content/uploads/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/pages/clinic-rbht.json"},{"id":"clinic-uhn","title":"Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto General Hospital: heart surgery expertise","kind":"clinic-profile","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/clinic-uhn/","json_url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/wp-content/uploads/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/pages/clinic-uhn.json"},{"id":"clinic-pitie-salpetriere","title":"AP-HP Pitié-Salpêtrière: heart surgery expertise","kind":"clinic-profile","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/clinic-pitie-salpetriere/","json_url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/wp-content/uploads/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/pages/clinic-pitie-salpetriere.json"},{"id":"clinic-duke","title":"Duke University Hospital: heart surgery expertise","kind":"clinic-profile","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/clinic-duke/","json_url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/wp-content/uploads/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/pages/clinic-duke.json"},{"id":"specialist-research-method","title":"How we research heart surgery specialists","kind":"guide","url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/heart-surgery/specialist-research-method/","json_url":"https://hub.bookimed.com/wp-content/uploads/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/pages/specialist-research-method.json"}],"ranking":{"engine_version":"reported-volume-v1","facts_digest":"b2057ed11422aaf9ecbef7849da5e5c2be583ed36f70e64a8a183767f7154fef","calculated_at":"2026-10-08","facts":[{"id":"david-allcardiac-2015","provider_id":"toronto-root","family":"aorta","subject_scope":"surgeon_operator","measurement":"cumulative","procedure":"all_cardiac_surgery","inclusion_scope":"isolated-and-combined","value":15000,"relation":"more_than","display":"15,000+","unit":"All cardiac operations; procedure mix unspecified in count","period_label":"Career cumulative reported in 2015","reported_as_of":"2015","method":"All cardiac operations; procedure mix unspecified in count. Historical figure; source date shown.","source":{"url":"https://www.uhn.ca/PMCC/About/Globe_Mail/Pages/changing_cardiac_surgery_way_globe-2015.aspx","title":"Changing the way cardiac surgery is practiced","publisher":"Institution / clinical programme","published":"2015"},"checked_at":"2026-10-08"}],"views":[],"providers":[],"excluded":[{"fact_id":"david-allcardiac-2015","reason":"broader or different procedure"}],"default_views":{},"coverage":[{"provider_id":"toronto-root","family":"aorta","gaps":["Current programme annual aortic reimplantation count","David personal lifetime reimplantation count"],"source_ids":[],"unresolved_source_ids":["rs-david-allcardiac-2015"]}]},"sources":{"C09":{"id":"C09","title":"2022 ACC/AHA Aortic Disease Guideline Key Perspectives: Part 2 of 2","url":"https://www.acc.org/Latest-in-Cardiology/ten-points-to-remember/2022/11/01/12/21/2022-Guideline-on-Aortic-Disease-2-gl-ad","publisher":"American College of Cardiology","published":"2022-11-02","read_at":"2026-10-07","source_type":"Official society guideline summary"},"hisar-profile":{"id":"hisar-profile","title":"Prof. Dr. Ali Fedakar, M.D. | Hisar Intercontinental Hospital","url":"https://hisarhospital.com/en/doctor/prof-ali-fedakar-m-d/","read_at":"2026-10-07","source_type":"official_hospital"},"medanta-profile":{"id":"medanta-profile","title":"Dr. Naresh Trehan | Medanta","url":"https://www.medanta.org/hospitals-near-me/south-delhi/speciality/cardiology/doctor/dr-naresh-trehan","read_at":"2026-10-07","source_type":"official_hospital"},"rbht-profile":{"id":"rbht-profile","title":"Mr Ulrich Rosendahl | Royal Brompton & Harefield hospitals","url":"https://www.rbht.nhs.uk/specialists/mr-ulrich-rosendahl","read_at":"2026-10-07","source_type":"official_hospital"},"cabg-davierwala-current":{"id":"cabg-davierwala-current","title":"About the MICS Program — Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, UHN","url":"https://www.uhn.ca/PMCC/Minimally-Invasive-Cardiac-Surgery-Program/Pages/About.aspx","source_kind":"official_current_hospital_programme_profile","body_access":"search_returned_body_excerpt_read","support_location":"Dr. Piroze M. 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Davierwala","publisher":"University Health Network","url":"https://www.uhn.ca/PMCC/Minimally-Invasive-Cardiac-Surgery-Program/Pages/About.aspx","read_at":"2026-10-08","kind":"official provider or programme page","support":"Current UHN surgical director; historical Leipzig role; arterial MICS experience.","limitations":"An institutional listing supports current role and stated clinical scope; it does not establish the next appointment, operating allocation or individual risk-adjusted results.","body_file":"outputs/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/review/provider-depth/adult/sources/davierwala-official.txt"},"pd-adult-uhn-cabg":{"title":"Minimally invasive coronary artery bypass graft surgery","publisher":"University Health Network","url":"https://www.uhn.ca/PMCC/Minimally-Invasive-Cardiac-Surgery-Program/Pages/Coronary-artery-bypass.aspx","read_at":"2026-10-08","kind":"official provider or programme page","support":"Current programme offers single- and multivessel arterial CABG without a heart-lung machine.","limitations":"An institutional listing supports current role and stated clinical scope; it does not establish the next appointment, operating allocation or individual risk-adjusted results.","body_file":"outputs/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/review/provider-depth/adult/sources/uhn-cabg.txt"},"pd-adult-lansac-official":{"title":"Dr Emmanuel Lansac","publisher":"AP-HP","url":"https://www.aphp.fr/dr-lansac-emmanuel","read_at":"2026-10-08","kind":"official provider or programme page","support":"Current Pitié-Salpêtrière cardiac/thoracic surgery consultation listing.","limitations":"An institutional listing supports current role and stated clinical scope; it does not establish the next appointment, operating allocation or individual risk-adjusted results.","body_file":"outputs/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/review/provider-depth/adult/sources/lansac-official.txt"},"pd-adult-hughes-official":{"title":"G. Chad Hughes, MD","publisher":"Duke Health","url":"https://www.dukehealth.org/find-doctors-physicians/g-chad-hughes-md","read_at":"2026-10-08","kind":"official provider or programme page","support":"Active adult heart surgeon; valve repair, valve-sparing root, arch, thoracoabdominal, TEVAR and TAVR expertise.","limitations":"An institutional listing supports current role and stated clinical scope; it does not establish the next appointment, operating allocation or individual risk-adjusted results.","body_file":"outputs/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/review/provider-depth/adult/sources/hughes-official.txt"},"pd-adult-duke-programme":{"title":"Duke Center for Aortic Disease combines cardiothoracic and vascular surgery","publisher":"Duke Health","url":"https://physicians.dukehealth.org/articles/duke-center-aortic-disease-combines-expertise-cardiothoracic-and-vascular-surgery","read_at":"2026-10-08","kind":"official provider or programme page","support":"Hughes is co-director and aortic surgery section chief; coordinated imaging/genetics/lifelong follow-up.","limitations":"An institutional listing supports current role and stated clinical scope; it does not establish the next appointment, operating allocation or individual risk-adjusted results.","body_file":"outputs/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/review/provider-depth/adult/sources/web-body-observations.md","published_at":"2025-08-05"},"pd-adult-lansac375":{"title":"External aortic annuloplasty with a dedicated expansible ring improves outcomes in remodeling root repair compared with homemade Dacron ring.","publisher":"The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38914371/","read_at":"2026-10-08","kind":"original study abstract and author/affiliation record","support":"Abstract body and authorship inspected; numerical claims below are restricted to the reported endpoint and population.","limitations":"Full manuscript and supplementary operator allocations were not read in this pass. Authorship is not an individual surgical outcome series.","body_file":"outputs/heart-surgery-hub-20261007/review/provider-depth/adult/sources/lansac375.json","published_at":"2024-06-22","doi":"10.1016/j.jtcvs.2024.06.013","authors":"Shraer N, Youssefi P, Garufi L, Debauchez M, Lansac E."},"volume-david-allcardiac-2015":{"id":"volume-david-allcardiac-2015","title":"Changing the way cardiac surgery is practiced","url":"https://www.uhn.ca/PMCC/About/Globe_Mail/Pages/changing_cardiac_surgery_way_globe-2015.aspx","publisher":"Institution / clinical programme","published":"2015","read_at":"2026-10-08","source_type":"Reported clinical activity; scope shown with figure"}}}