Oncologic surgery guide

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Skin cancer surgery: Mohs, excision and options abroad

Skin cancer surgery includes Mohs and excision. In studies covering 21,371 patients with early basal cell or squamous cell cancer, 1-year recurrence was 0.2% after Mohs and 0.8% after excision. Bookimed lists 13 skin cancer surgeons at 8 clinics in 5 countries.

Research project led by Yevhenii Kozlov · Co-Founder of BookimedUpdated 21 October 2026Sources linked throughout
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At a glance

0.2 of 100

Across studies of early basal cell and squamous cell skin cancers, cancer returned within 1 year in 0.2% after Mohs and 0.8% after conventional excision. The meta-analysis included 21,371 patients across surgery and radiation treatment groups; the reported percentages describe cancer returning at the treated site.

PMID 31355928

8 clinics

5 countries: Germany, Israel, Poland, Spain, Turkey.

14–44 years

Approximate time in practice in 2026, based on recorded start years.

Skin cancer surgery: which operations are available?

Surgery for melanoma aims to remove the cancer completely. Mohs surgery combines removal of skin cancer with microscopic examination of the tissue edges during the operation. For invasive melanoma, Mohs and wide local excision have both been studied, but they cannot simply be treated as interchangeable options. Special tissue stains used during Mohs or staged excision have also been studied for invasive melanoma; their use was associated with less cancer returning at the treated site than examination with routine stains alone.

Sources (4)

Methods and what the numbers show

Methods at Bookimed clinics

Method What it is What the numbers show Guidelines
Layer-by-layer skin cancer removal with tissue checks (Mohs surgery) The surgeon removes skin cancer in stages and checks the tissue margins microscopically to conserve uninvolved tissue.

Surgeons · Clinics
  • recurrence: 0.2 of 100 (Mohs micrographic surgery) vs 0.8 of 100 (conventional excision); 1 year; AJCC T1–T2N0 basal or squamous cell skin carcinoma; n=21371 patients (study) (PMID 31355928) [9]
  • cumulative incidence of recurrence: 3.3 of 100 (MMS) vs 1.7 of 100 (standard excision); 5 years; Primary cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma; non-randomized cohort; n=761 patients (study) (PMID 42717289) [11]
  • 104 incompletely excised pBCCs re-excised with MMS, with some cases receiving adjuvant post-operative radiotherapy (PORT), experienced no recurrence over an average follow up period of 9.2 years.; 9.2 years mean follow-up; Incompletely excised primary basal cell carcinoma (PMID 42333047) [10]
  • One-year recurrence rates were low throughout at 0.8% (95% CI, 0.3%-1.6%), 0.2% (95% CI, 0%-0.6%), 2% (95% CI, 1.3%-2.7%), and 0% (95% CI, 0%-0.5%) for CE, MMS, EBRT, and BT, respectively. One-year; Population, Intervention, Control, Outcome, Study Design (PICOS), Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), and Meta-Analyses of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) methods were used to identify studies on PubMed (from 1985 to 2018), including patients with American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) T1-T2N0 basal cell carcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas and ≥10 months follow-up who received CE, MMS, EBRT, or BT. (PMID 31355928) [9]
  • 141 patients were identified, with 104 ultimately being included. 31 patients did not respond, and 6 formally withdrew. 104 incompletely excised pBCCs re-excised with MMS, with some cases receiving adjuvant post-operative radiotherapy (PORT), experienced no recurrence over an average follow up period of 9.2 years. 93 (92.1%) of the 104 cases consisted of an aggressive BCC subtype, and 54 (51.9%) of the cases were in a high-risk anatomical location. 9.2 years; Recurrence Rates of Incompletely Excised Primary Basal Cell Carcinoma Treated With Mohs Micrographic Surgery and Radiotherapy. — RESULTS: 141 patients were identified, with 104 ultimately being included. (PMID 42333047) [10]
  • The 5-year cumulative incidence of recurrence was 1.7% (95%CI 0.9%-3.0%) for SE and 3.3% (95%CI 1.6%-5.9%) for MMS. 5-year; Five-year Recurrence Rate of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma After Mohs Micrographic Surgery Versus Standard Excision: a Prospective Multicentre Cohort Study. — A total of 761 patients with 903 completely excised primary CSCCs were included: 629 treated with SE and 274 with MMS. (PMID 42717289) [11]
 AAD: MMS is recommended for high-risk cSCC. [12]

Other methods with evidence

Method What it is What the numbers show Guidelines
Removal of the remaining regional lymph nodes After cancer is found in a sentinel node, the surgeon removes the remaining lymph nodes in that region.
  • grade 3–4 adverse effects: 13 of 100 (CLND); 72 months median follow-up; Cutaneous melanoma of trunk/extremities with positive sentinel node; n=242 patients (CLND arm) (PMID 31557067) [2]
  • distant metastasis-free survival: 64.9 of 100 (CLND) vs 67.6 of 100 (observation); 5 years; Cutaneous melanoma of trunk/extremities with positive sentinel node; n=483 patients (study) (PMID 31557067) [2]
  • Grade 3 and 4 adverse effects occurred in 32 patients (13%) in the CLND arm; lymphedema (n = 20) and delayed wound healing (n = 5) were most common and no serious adverse events were reported. Study follow-up: Here, we report the final analysis with 72 months of median follow up.; Final Analysis of DeCOG-SLT Trial: No Survival Benefit for Complete Lymph Node Dissection in Patients With Melanoma With Positive Sentinel Node. — From January 2006 to December 2014, 5,547 patients were screened to identify 1,256 with metastases in the sentinel lymph node (SLN). (PMID 31557067) [2]
  • Cox multivariable analysis identified N3a nodal stage as an independent negative factor for OS (HR: 2.6, P = 0.02), whereas CLND and other variables were not associated. Study follow-up: With a median follow-up of 3.9 years, non-significant differences were observed in RFS, DMFS, RMFS, or OS between the CLND and OBS groups (P = 0.33, 0.32, 0.08, and 0.21, respectively).; Prognostic outcomes of immediate complete lymph node dissection versus observation in patients with acral melanoma of the sole with sentinel node metastasis: a retrospective, multicenter study. — This retrospective, multicenter study included 154 patients (CLND: 90, OBS: 64) with stage III sole AM with positive SN, across 44 Japanese institutions. (PMID 41345808) [3]
  • With a median follow-up of 36 months, 16 patients (12 in Group A and 4 in Group B) developed recurrent disease and estimated 5-yr RFS at any site was 60% (CI95%, 0.39 – 0.77) (44.5% in CLND group vs. 22% in AS group; P = 0.20). 36 months; 5-yr; Recurrence factors in patients with cutaneous melanoma and positive sentinel lymph node treated in a single reference unit in Buenos Aires. — Of 205 patients, 45 had a positive SLNB; 27(60%) belonged to Group A and 18(40%) to Group B. (PMID 38683513) [4]
 ESMO: Completion lymph-node dissection is not recommended after a positive sentinel-node biopsy in melanoma. [5]
Local tumour removal The surgeon cuts out the local melanoma lesion without an extensive resection of the surrounding organ.
  • overall survival: 21.7 of 100 (local excision) vs 13.7 of 100 (extensive resection); 5 years; Clinically node-negative anorectal melanoma; not cutaneous melanoma; n=103 patients (study) (PMID 33839445) [7]
  • In the IPTW competing risks model, the 3-year cumulative incidence of all adverse outcomes were greater among patients in the WLE group compared with those in the Mohs surgery group, including local recurrence (19.8% vs 9.6%; weighted cause-specific HR, 2.33 [95% CI, 1.39-3.92]; P = .001), nodal metastasis (17.9% vs 11.0%; weighted cause-specific HR, 1.80 [95% CI, 1.07-3.02]; P = .03), distant metastasis (8.4% vs 4.4%; weighted cause-specific HR, 2.10 [95% CI, 0.97-4.57]; P = .06), any recurrence (32.0% vs 15.8%; weighted cause-specific HR, 2.38 [95% CI, 1.57-3.61]; P < .001), and disease-specific death (17.5% vs 7.1%; weighted cause-specific HR, 2.74 [95% CI, 1.54-4.88]; P = .001). 3-year; Mohs Surgery vs Wide Local Excision in Primary High-Stage Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma. — RESULTS: This study included 216 patients with high-stage cSCC who had a mean (SD) age of 73.5 (13.3) years; 151 (69.9%) were men and 65 (30.1%) were women. (PMID 39969890) [6]
  • In both cN0 and cN+ patients the surgical strategy did not significantly influence survival (cN0: 21.7% 5-year survival, median 25 months for local excision versus 13.7% 5-year survival, median 17 months for extensive resection (p = 0.228), cN+: 11.1% 5-year survival for local excision, median 17 months versus 8.7% 5-year survival, median 14 months for extensive resection (p = 0.741)). 5-year; 25 months; 17 months; 14 months; Dutch cancer registry organizations (IKNL and PALGA) were queried for all patients with a diagnosis of anorectal melanoma (1989-2019). (PMID 33839445) [7]
Removal of lymph nodes The surgeon removes a regional group of lymph nodes affected by or at risk of melanoma spread.
  • in-basin recurrence: 7.7 of 100 (regional lymphadenectomy: axilla); 35 months median follow-up; Melanoma with lymph node metastasis; therapeutic or completion dissection; n=586 patients (study) (PMID 38320886) [8]
  • in-basin recurrence: 8.7 of 100 (regional lymphadenectomy: groin); 35 months median follow-up; Melanoma with lymph node metastasis; therapeutic or completion dissection; n=586 patients (study) (PMID 38320886) [8]
  • in-basin recurrence: 9.2 of 100 (regional lymphadenectomy: head/neck); 35 months median follow-up; Melanoma with lymph node metastasis; therapeutic or completion dissection; n=586 patients (study) (PMID 38320886) [8]
  • Upon multivariate analysis, ENE (HR 2.77; p=<0.0001) and the AJCC lymph node stage (N3 vs N1) (HR 2.51; p ​= ​0.025) were predictive of regional recurrence. Study follow-up: RESULTS: 586 patients underwent a RL, with a median follow up of 35 months.; Impact of extra-nodal extension and AJCC lymph node staging in predicting recurrence following lymphadenectomy in patients with melanoma. — RESULTS: 586 patients underwent a RL, with a median follow up of 35 months. (PMID 38320886) [8]
Biopsy of the first draining lymph nodes The first lymph nodes draining a melanoma are removed and examined for cancer spread.
  • basins free of nodal recurrence: 80.2 of 100 (SLN biopsy followed by ultrasound observation without CLND) nodal basins; 10 years; Melanoma with sentinel-node metastases; observation group of MSLT-II; n=855 nodal basins (observation arm; 823 patients) (PMID 35921122) [13]
  • Among 855 observed basins, at 10 years, 80.2% (actuarial; 95% CI, 77-83) of basins were free of nodal recurrence. 10 years; When looking at the identified risk factors of age (50 years or older), ulceration, Breslow thickness greater than 3.5 mm, nonaxillary basin, and tumor burden of maximum diameter of 1 mm or greater and/or metastasis area of 5% or greater and excluding missing value cases, basin disease-free rates at 5 years were 96% (95% CI, 88-100) for patients with 0 risk factors, 89% (95% CI, 82-96) for 1 risk factor, 86% (95% CI, 80-93) for 2 risk factors, 80% (95% CI, 71-89) for 3 risk factors, 61% (95% CI, 48-74) for 4 risk factors, and 54% (95% CI, 36-72) for 5 or 6 risk factors. (PMID 35921122) [13]
  • By univariable analysis, freedom from regional nodal recurrence was associated with age younger than 50 years (hazard ratio [HR], 0.49; 95% CI, 0.34-0.70; P < .001), nonulcerated melanoma (HR, 0.36; 95% CI, 0.36-0.49; P < .001), thinner primary melanoma (less than 1.5 mm; HR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.27-0.78; P = .004), axillary basin (HR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.44-0.86; P = .005), fewer positive SLNs (1 vs 3 or more; HR, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.14-0.75; P = .008), and SLN tumor burden (measured by diameter less than 1 mm [HR, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.26-0.60; P = .001] or less than 5% area [HR, 0.36; 95% CI, 0.24-0.54; P < .001]). 50 years; When looking at the identified risk factors of age (50 years or older), ulceration, Breslow thickness greater than 3.5 mm, nonaxillary basin, and tumor burden of maximum diameter of 1 mm or greater and/or metastasis area of 5% or greater and excluding missing value cases, basin disease-free rates at 5 years were 96% (95% CI, 88-100) for patients with 0 risk factors, 89% (95% CI, 82-96) for 1 risk factor, 86% (95% CI, 80-93) for 2 risk factors, 80% (95% CI, 71-89) for 3 risk factors, 61% (95% CI, 48-74) for 4 risk factors, and 54% (95% CI, 36-72) for 5 or 6 risk factors. (PMID 35921122) [13]
  • When looking at the identified risk factors of age (50 years or older), ulceration, Breslow thickness greater than 3.5 mm, nonaxillary basin, and tumor burden of maximum diameter of 1 mm or greater and/or metastasis area of 5% or greater and excluding missing value cases, basin disease-free rates at 5 years were 96% (95% CI, 88-100) for patients with 0 risk factors, 89% (95% CI, 82-96) for 1 risk factor, 86% (95% CI, 80-93) for 2 risk factors, 80% (95% CI, 71-89) for 3 risk factors, 61% (95% CI, 48-74) for 4 risk factors, and 54% (95% CI, 36-72) for 5 or 6 risk factors. 50 years; 5 years; When looking at the identified risk factors of age (50 years or older), ulceration, Breslow thickness greater than 3.5 mm, nonaxillary basin, and tumor burden of maximum diameter of 1 mm or greater and/or metastasis area of 5% or greater and excluding missing value cases, basin disease-free rates at 5 years were 96% (95% CI, 88-100) for patients with 0 risk factors, 89% (95% CI, 82-96) for 1 risk factor, 86% (95% CI, 80-93) for 2 risk factors, 80% (95% CI, 71-89) for 3 risk factors, 61% (95% CI, 48-74) for 4 risk factors, and 54% (95% CI, 36-72) for 5 or 6 risk factors. (PMID 35921122) [13]
 ESMO: Sentinel-node biopsy is recommended for clinically node-negative melanoma of AJCC8 stage T2a or higher (>1.0 mm Breslow thickness). [5]
Tumour removal with a margin of surrounding tissue The surgeon removes the skin tumour together with a surrounding margin of tissue.
  • local recurrence: 19.8 of 100 (wide local excision) vs 9.6 of 100 (Mohs surgery); 3 years; Primary high-stage cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma; weighted cohort; n=216 patients (study) (PMID 39969890) [6]
  • nodal metastasis: 17.9 of 100 (wide local excision) vs 11 of 100 (Mohs surgery); 3 years; Primary high-stage cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma; weighted cohort; n=216 patients (study) (PMID 39969890) [6]
  • disease-specific death: 17.5 of 100 (wide local excision) vs 7.1 of 100 (Mohs surgery); 3 years; Primary high-stage cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma; weighted cohort; n=216 patients (study) (PMID 39969890) [6]
  • In the IPTW competing risks model, the 3-year cumulative incidence of all adverse outcomes were greater among patients in the WLE group compared with those in the Mohs surgery group, including local recurrence (19.8% vs 9.6%; weighted cause-specific HR, 2.33 [95% CI, 1.39-3.92]; P = .001), nodal metastasis (17.9% vs 11.0%; weighted cause-specific HR, 1.80 [95% CI, 1.07-3.02]; P = .03), distant metastasis (8.4% vs 4.4%; weighted cause-specific HR, 2.10 [95% CI, 0.97-4.57]; P = .06), any recurrence (32.0% vs 15.8%; weighted cause-specific HR, 2.38 [95% CI, 1.57-3.61]; P < .001), and disease-specific death (17.5% vs 7.1%; weighted cause-specific HR, 2.74 [95% CI, 1.54-4.88]; P = .001). 3-year; Mohs Surgery vs Wide Local Excision in Primary High-Stage Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma. — RESULTS: This study included 216 patients with high-stage cSCC who had a mean (SD) age of 73.5 (13.3) years; 151 (69.9%) were men and 65 (30.1%) were women. (PMID 39969890) [6]
 ESMO: Full-depth wide local excision is recommended for primary melanoma; margins depend on tumour thickness. [5]

Melanoma surgery and wide local excision

The discussion depends on the particular cancer, rather than on the name of the operation alone. For melanoma, tumour characteristics, location and effects on function matter when considering how much surrounding tissue to remove. In studies of invasive melanoma, people treated with Mohs were generally older and had thinner tumours than those treated with wide local excision. For basal cell and squamous cell skin cancers at stages T1–T2 without lymph-node involvement, research has compared surgery with external-beam radiation and brachytherapy, a form of radiation treatment. These are different treatment discussions from melanoma surgery, not evidence that radiation can replace surgery for every skin cancer.

Sources (3)

Mohs surgery vs excision: what do recurrence numbers show?

For basal cell and squamous cell skin cancers at stages T1–T2 without lymph-node involvement, a 2019 review included 21,371 patients across the treatment groups. At one year, pooled rates of cancer returning at the treated site were 0.8% after conventional excision and 0.2% after Mohs surgery. These are pooled study estimates, not a direct comparison of otherwise identical patients; the review found similar local cancer control across surgery and radiation treatments at one year. A 2026 review of nonmelanoma skin cancer instead found lower local recurrence after Mohs than after superficial radiation, but this does not establish the same comparison at the same one-year time point.

For melanoma, earlier reviews reported less local recurrence after Mohs or staged excision than after wide local excision. A 2025 review focused on invasive melanoma found that differences between patients and overlapping study populations prevented a reliable conclusion about which operation gives better outcomes for comparable tumours. A lower recurrence estimate in one group therefore does not by itself show that the operation is better for an individual patient.

Sources (4)

Risks to discuss with your surgeon

Cancer can return at the treated site after surgery. Examination of tissue during Mohs can also reveal an unexpected finding, sometimes another tumour, that changes the need for further treatment. Pain medicines have their own risks: even a short postoperative opioid prescription can lead to dependence.

Sources (3)

Sentinel lymph node biopsy for melanoma

Pain relief after Mohs surgery and reconstruction does not automatically require an opioid prescription. In a 2021 consensus study involving 23 Mohs surgeons, the panel recommended against routinely prescribing opioids to every patient. For melanoma, a sentinel lymph-node biopsy is a staging procedure used to assess the disease; it is a separate consideration from removal of the skin tumour.

Sources (2)

Explore surgery and care teams

Specialists and their operations

Turkey · 5 entries
Specialist Clinic Operations and experience Ask about treatment
Mustafa SolakMustafa Solak Hisar Hospital Intercontinental

Istanbul, Turkey

Melanoma surgery

Mohs microsurgery

In practice since 2006.

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Haluk DumanHaluk Duman Anadolu Medical Center

Istanbul, Turkey

Melanoma surgery

In practice since 1995.

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Bulent KaragozBulent Karagoz Anadolu Medical Center

Istanbul, Turkey

Melanoma surgery

In practice since 1993.

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Erkan KaratasErkan Karatas Atlas University Hospital

Istanbul, Turkey

Melanoma surgery

In practice since 1999.

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Hasan SahinHasan Sahin Hisar Hospital Intercontinental

Istanbul, Turkey

Mohs microsurgery

In practice since 2006.

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Germany · 3 entries
Specialist Clinic Operations and experience Ask about treatment
Viola FoxViola Fox Medical Center in Solingen

Solingen, Germany

Melanoma surgery

In practice since 2012.

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Peter SchenkerPeter Schenker Medical Center in Solingen

Solingen, Germany

Mohs microsurgery

In practice since 2007.

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Wolfgang SchröderWolfgang Schröder Helios Gesundheit

Wuppertal, Germany

Mohs microsurgery

In practice since 2001.

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Israel · 1 entries
Specialist Clinic Operations and experience Ask about treatment
Dov ZippelDov Zippel Sheba Medical Center

Ramat Gan, Israel

Melanoma surgery

In practice since 2001.

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Poland · 3 entries
Specialist Clinic Operations and experience Ask about treatment
Piotr CiszewskiPiotr Ciszewski WILMED Medical Clinic

Warsaw, Poland

Melanoma surgery

In practice since 1992.

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Wojciech GackowskiWojciech Gackowski WILMED Medical Clinic

Warsaw, Poland

Melanoma surgery

In practice since 1983.

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Jacek AlbinskiJacek Albinski WILMED Medical Clinic

Warsaw, Poland

Melanoma surgery

In practice since 1982.

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Spain · 1 entries
Specialist Clinic Operations and experience Ask about treatment
Joan Ramon Garces GatnauJoan Ramon Garces Gatnau Centro Médico Teknon

Barcelona, Spain

Melanoma surgery

Mohs microsurgery

In practice since 1986.

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Sources (13)

Questions to ask your surgeon

  • How many operations for my type of skin cancer do you perform each year?
  • Why do you recommend Mohs or excision for my tumour?
  • Will you check the tissue edges during surgery or after it?
  • Who will repair the wound, and could I need a skin graft?
  • What does the quote include for tissue tests, wound repair and follow-up?
  • When can I travel home, and who will check my wound afterwards?

Patient questions

How often does skin cancer return after Mohs surgery?

Across studies of early basal cell and squamous cell skin cancers, cancer returned within 1 year in 0.2% after Mohs and 0.8% after conventional excision. The meta-analysis included 21,371 patients across surgery and radiation treatment groups; the reported percentages describe cancer returning at the treated site. PMID 31355928

What side effects were reported after further lymph node surgery for melanoma?

In the DeCOG-SLT trial of melanoma with a positive sentinel lymph node, 32 patients (13%) had severe side effects (grade 3 or 4) after removal of the remaining regional lymph nodes. These included lymph fluid swelling in 20 patients and delayed wound healing in 5. The trial reported a median follow-up of 72 months. PMID 31557067

Which operations can I read about for skin cancer?

The skin cancer evidence collection covers 6 operations: removal of the remaining regional lymph nodes; local tumour removal; removal of lymph nodes; layer-by-layer skin cancer removal with tissue checks (mohs surgery); biopsy of the first draining lymph nodes; tumour removal with a margin of surrounding tissue.

How many listed surgeons offer Mohs surgery?

5 of the 13 listed skin cancer surgeons have Mohs surgery in their operation lists. Use the Mohs operation entry to identify those profiles and ask the surgeon about treating your tumour.

Where can I compare skin cancer surgery teams?

The listed teams work at 8 clinics in 5 countries: Germany, Israel, Poland, Spain and Turkey. Each surgeon profile links to the named clinic, so you can compare the location alongside the listed operations. PMID 31355928

How much experience do the listed skin cancer surgeons have?

Recorded start years put their time in practice at about 14–44 years in 2026. Start years are recorded for 13 of 13 surgeons. Ask how many Mohs or melanoma operations the surgeon performs each year when comparing experience.

References and further reading

  1. Skin surgery surgeons
  2. Final Analysis of DeCOG-SLT Trial: No Survival Benefit for Complete Lymph Node Dissection in Patients With Melanoma With Positive Sentinel Node.
  3. Prognostic outcomes of immediate complete lymph node dissection versus observation in patients with acral melanoma of the sole with sentinel node metastasis: a retrospective, multicenter study.
  4. Recurrence factors in patients with cutaneous melanoma and positive sentinel lymph node treated in a single reference unit in Buenos Aires.
  5. ESMO — Retrieved 2026-10-23
  6. Mohs Surgery vs Wide Local Excision in Primary High-Stage Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma.
  7. Survival following surgical treatment for anorectal melanoma seems similar for local excision and extensive resection regardless of nodal involvement.
  8. Impact of extra-nodal extension and AJCC lymph node staging in predicting recurrence following lymphadenectomy in patients with melanoma.
  9. Surgical excision, Mohs micrographic surgery, external-beam radiotherapy, or brachytherapy for indolent skin cancer: An international meta-analysis of 58 studies with 21,000 patients.
  10. Recurrence Rates of Incompletely Excised Primary Basal Cell Carcinoma Treated With Mohs Micrographic Surgery and Radiotherapy.
  11. Five-year Recurrence Rate of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma After Mohs Micrographic Surgery Versus Standard Excision: a Prospective Multicentre Cohort Study.
  12. AAD — AAD Guidelines of care for the management of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (2018)
  13. Therapeutic Value of Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Patients With Melanoma: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

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